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"Hamilton, Elizabeth"
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Arabidopsis B-BOX32 interacts with CONSTANS-LIKE3 to regulate flowering
Plants have the ability to respond to seasonal environmental variations by monitoring day length to initiate flowering. The transition from vegetative to the reproductive stage is the critical developmental switch in flowering plants to ensure optimal fitness and/or yield. It has been previously reported that B-BOX32 (BBX32) has the potential to increase grain yield when ectopically expressed in soybean. In the present study, we performed a detailed molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis B-box domain gene BBX32. We showed that the circadian clock in Arabidopsis regulates BBX32 and expressed in the early morning. To understand the molecular mechanism of BBX32 regulation, we performed a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen and identified CONSTANS-LIKE 3 (COL3)/BBX4 as one of its interacting protein partners. Using different genetic and biochemical assays, we have validated this interaction and shown that COL3 targets FT in the presence of BBX32 to regulate the flowering pathway. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that this BBX32-COL3 module could be an additional regulatory mechanism affecting the reproductive development in Arabidopsis that could be translated to crops for increased agricultural productivity.
Journal Article
The dolphin letters, 1970-1979 : Elizabeth Hardwick, Robert Lowell and their circle
\"The letters of Elizabeth Hardwick and Robert Lowell offer an unprecedented portrait of two of the biggest names in twentieth-century literature\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
The ELF4–ELF3–LUX complex links the circadian clock to diurnal control of hypocotyl growth
The evening routine
In plants, the circadian clock functions as an endogenous pacemaker that anticipates and responds to a changing environment in order to optimize the timing of physiological and developmental events. Nusinow
et al
. elucidate the mechanism by which the circadian clock controls growth of the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
. A novel trimeric complex called the evening complex is regulated by the clock and has a peak of expression at dusk. The complex represses the expression of two transcription factors, PIF4 and PIF5, which are part of a light-signalling cascade that controls the timing of plant growth in response to light conditions.
The circadian clock is required for adaptive responses to daily and seasonal changes in environmental conditions
1
,
2
,
3
. Light and the circadian clock interact to consolidate the phase of hypocotyl cell elongation to peak at dawn under diurnal cycles in
Arabidopsis thaliana
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
. Here we identify a protein complex (called the evening complex)—composed of the proteins encoded by
EARLY FLOWERING 3
(
ELF3
),
ELF4
and the transcription-factor-encoding gene
LUX ARRHYTHMO
(
LUX
; also known as
PHYTOCLOCK 1
)—that directly regulates plant growth
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
. ELF3 is both necessary and sufficient to form a complex between ELF4 and LUX, and the complex is diurnally regulated, peaking at dusk.
ELF3
,
ELF4
and
LUX
are required for the proper expression of the growth-promoting transcription factors encoded by
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4
(
PIF4
) and
PIF5
(also known as
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 6
) under diurnal conditions
4
,
6
,
13
. LUX targets the complex to the promoters of
PIF4
and
PIF5 in vivo
. Mutations in
PIF4
and/or
PIF5
are epistatic to the loss of the ELF4–ELF3–LUX complex, suggesting that regulation of
PIF4
and
PIF5
is a crucial function of the complex. Therefore, the evening complex underlies the molecular basis for circadian gating of hypocotyl growth in the early evening.
Journal Article
Genetic Surveillance Detects Both Clonal and Epidemic Transmission of Malaria following Enhanced Intervention in Senegal
Using parasite genotyping tools, we screened patients with mild uncomplicated malaria seeking treatment at a clinic in Thiès, Senegal, from 2006 to 2011. We identified a growing frequency of infections caused by genetically identical parasite strains, coincident with increased deployment of malaria control interventions and decreased malaria deaths. Parasite genotypes in some cases persisted clonally across dry seasons. The increase in frequency of genetically identical parasite strains corresponded with decrease in the probability of multiple infections. Further, these observations support evidence of both clonal and epidemic population structures. These data provide the first evidence of a temporal correlation between the appearance of identical parasite types and increased malaria control efforts in Africa, which here included distribution of insecticide treated nets (ITNs), use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria detection, and deployment of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). Our results imply that genetic surveillance can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of disease control strategies and assist a rational global malaria eradication campaign.
Journal Article
Patient assessment of the CAPE: A solution to negative pressure isolation in an emergency department
The Collapsible Aerosolized Particle Enclosure (CAPE) is a negative pressure patient isolation device designed to protect patients and clinicians from aerosolized infectious particles. The CAPE is intended to provide a safe environment for care receipt and delivery when isolation capacity is limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of receiving care in the CAPE from the emergency department (ED) patient perspective.
For this prospective, observational study, adult ED patients receiving care in the CAPE were asked to participate in an anonymous survey upon conclusion of the patient encounter. Survey domains included comfort, ability to see and communicate with care team members, space adequacy, perceptions of safety, and the ease of entering and exiting the device. Participants provided responses using a five-point Likert-type scale.
Ten adult patients participated during a 68-day evaluation period in a tertiary care ED. A total of seven completed the survey (70 %); the remaining three did not complete the survey due to illness severity. The median time spent in the device was 190 min. The median degree of comfort inside the CAPE was 5.0. Participants rated their ability to see their surroundings as median 5.0. The median score for ability to communicate with their medical team inside the CAPE was 5.0. Patients reported feeling safe inside the device with a median of 5.0 and most felt there was enough space inside with a median 5.0. The IQR for each of the above metrics was 5.0 and 5.0. Additionally participants also found it easy to mobilize in and out of the CAPE, with a median score of 5.0, IQR 4.0, 5.05.
In this pilot, prospective, observational study with adult ED patients, the majority of patients found the CAPE comfortable and safe, providing adequate space, and easily accessed. Use of the CAPE with ED patients was feasible and acceptable in our setting, supporting its use as a promising method for expanding isolation space during times of limited negative pressure capacity.
Journal Article
Afrofuturism and the Technologies of Survival
Situating the Afronaut in contemporary art and Afrofuturism is very much about finding safe spaces for black life. It's about exploring and protecting and preparing the body for hostile environments. In an Afrofuturist vision that stakes out black space in the future, black life is often obscured and simultaneously endangered. This obscurity is the result of the overdetermination of the past on black future spaces, namely the baggage of colonialism and apartheid, slavery and Jim Crow, and legacies of displacement. Through the image of the Afronaut, artists are making definitive statements about current situations of liberation, freedom, and oppression, while simultaneously referencing the past and staking a place for black life in the future.
Journal Article
Longer than 2 hours to antibiotics is associated with doubling of mortality in a multinational community-acquired bacterial meningitis cohort
To optimally define the association between time to effective antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes in adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis. A systematic review of the literature describing the association between time to antibiotics and death or neurological impairment due to adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis was performed. A retrospective cohort, multivariable and propensity-score based analyses were performed using individual patient clinical data from Australian, Danish and United Kingdom studies. Heterogeneity of published observational study designs precluded meta-analysis of aggregate data (I
2
= 90.1%, 95% CI 71.9–98.3%). Individual patient data on 659 subjects were made available for analysis. Multivariable analysis was performed on 180–362 propensity-score matched data. The risk of death (adjusted odds ratio, aOR) associated with treatment after two hours was 2.29 (95% CI 1.28–4.09) and increased substantially thereafter. Similarly, time to antibiotics of greater than three hours was associated with an increase in the occurrence of neurological impairment (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03–3.14). Among patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, odds of mortality increase markedly when antibiotics are given later than two hours after presentation to the hospital.
Journal Article
COVID-19 Vaccination: An Exploratory Study of the Motivations and Concerns Detailed in the Medical Records of a Regional Australian Population
Understanding motivations and concerns surrounding COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to reduce vaccine hesitancy and inform strategies to mitigate concerns and increase vaccine uptake. This study aimed to explore motivations and concerns associated with COVID-19 vaccination among adults seeking their first COVID-19 vaccine in a regional Australian community with low prevalence of COVID-19, who received a medical consult prior to vaccination. Medical records from consults were audited and the modified Framework Method was used to conduct qualitative content analysis of data, generating themes and overall core concepts related to motivations for COVID-19 vaccination and associated concerns. There were 102 people included in the study, 81% of whom were aged ≥60 years. Concerns surrounding COVID-19 vaccination included five core concepts: 1. Perceived vaccine risks, 2. Perceived vaccine performance, 3. Uncertainty, 4. Autonomy, and 5. Fairness in access; and a further five core concepts were generated from motivations to seek vaccination: 1. Protection, 2. Occupational or facility responsibility or requirement, 3. Trust in primary healthcare physician, 4. Autonomy, and 5. Civic duty. These motivating factors and concerns can be used to inform strategies and education to increase vaccine uptake in ongoing and future vaccine rollouts.
Journal Article