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"Hamilton, Nigel"
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Advanced Soft Robotic System for In Situ 3D Bioprinting and Endoscopic Surgery
Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology offers great potential in the treatment of tissue and organ damage. Conventional approaches generally rely on a large form factor desktop bioprinter to create in vitro 3D living constructs before introducing them into the patient's body, which poses several drawbacks such as surface mismatches, structure damage, and high contamination along with tissue injury due to transport and large open‐field surgery. In situ bioprinting inside a living body is a potentially transformational solution as the body serves as an excellent bioreactor. This work introduces a multifunctional and flexible in situ 3D bioprinter (F3DB), which features a high degree of freedom soft printing head integrated into a flexible robotic arm to deliver multilayered biomaterials to internal organs/tissues. The device has a master‐slave architecture and is operated by a kinematic inversion model and learning‐based controllers. The 3D printing capabilities with different patterns, surfaces, and on a colon phantom are also tested with different composite hydrogels and biomaterials. The F3DB capability to perform endoscopic surgery is further demonstrated with fresh porcine tissue. The new system is expected to bridge a gap in the field of in situ bioprinting and support the future development of advanced endoscopic surgical robots. This work introduces a multifunctional and flexible in situ 3D bioprinter that features a high degree of freedom soft printing head integrated into a flexible snake‐like robotic arm to deliver multilayered biomaterials or perform endoscopic surgery. The new system will bridge a gap in the field of in situ bioprinting and support the future development of advanced endoscopic surgical robots.
Journal Article
Mechanically Compliant and Optically Tunable Metal Oxide‐PDMS Nanocomposite Thin Films as a Platform for Flexible Photonic Integration
The development of flexible optical waveguides for biophotonics requires materials that combine mechanical compliance, optical transparency, and tunable refractive index (RI). This study reports the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based nanocomposite thin films (NCTFs) incorporating 1 wt% ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs). NP dispersions are optimized using response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken Design, enabling reproducible control of sonication parameters. This optimization produces sub‐70 nm particle sizes, minimizing Rayleigh scattering at 635 ± 5 nm and directly linking dispersion quality to optical performance. The NCTFs exhibit RI enhancements (1.4149 ± 0.0006 for ZnO and 1.4146 ± 0.0005 for TiO2), high transparency (>96% for 2 µm films; 97.6% and 82.0% for 60 µm ZnO and TiO2 films, respectively), and guided‐mode optical losses of 0.86 and 2.55 dB cm−1. Mechanical characterization confirms Young's moduli below 0.53 MPa and surface roughness below 7.02 nm, while FTIR analysis verifies the chemical integrity of the PDMS network. Comparative evaluation reveals composition‐dependent trade‐offs: ZnO composites offer a balanced profile of transparency and compliance, whereas TiO2 composites provide stronger RI modulation but higher optical loss. This integrated materials–processing–performance framework establishes a reproducible route toward multilayer waveguides and soft photonic systems for wearable and implantable biomedical devices. This study demonstrates polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite thin films incorporating ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, optimized using response surface methodology. The films exhibit tunable refractive index, high transparency, low optical loss, and sub‐MPa mechanical compliance. These findings establish a reproducible material‐processing‐performance framework, supporting the development of flexible, conformal photonic platforms for wearable and implantable biomedical applications.
Journal Article
Awakening Through Dreams
Most Western approaches to dreams are limited to a psychological paradigm. Building on Jung's work, which was heavily influenced by the transformative model of alchemy, a new multidimensional approach to the process of human transformation through dreams has been developed which recognises the interrelationship of the psychological and the spiritual, and works with the mirroring body in service of both. In the approach presented here, dreams are seen as a mixture of worldly impressions and expressions of our individual spirit, which is trying to speak to us through the metaphors and narrative of our dreams. In this way, the spiritual comes through the psychological dimension. Though it may seem to be a contradiction, our dreams hold the key to our 'awakening' and, by actively engaging with them we can unlock their potential for initiating and facilitating our own unfoldment. This book is about recognising this process when it occurs in dreams, and how to work with them in the service of our growth and self-realisation.
eBook
The Utility of Remote Inspections During the COVID-19 Health Emergency and in the Postpandemic Setting
•The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted regulatory authorities to consider new ways of working and they have introduced remote inspections.•Guidelines on remote inspections from regulatory authorities are similar in intent but not always aligned in terms of approach and solutions.•Remote inspections have proven to be a novel inspection tool, but on-site inspections are likely to continue to be the preferred standard for the foreseeable future.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the management and operation of regulatory agencies and the pharmaceutical industry around the world. It has prompted regulatory authorities to consider new ways of working and introduced, among others, remote inspections to validate the integrity of the regulatory data submitted by companies, to evaluate the quality of production and manufacturing sites, and to ensure the conformity with Good Regulatory Practices with the overall goal of guaranteeing patient safety during the crisis.
This article summarizes and discusses remote inspection guidelines and other related information made available by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (Japan), the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We also analyze the effect of the pandemic on inspections conducted by the inspectorates of the EMA and the FDA.
The regulatory authorities that we studied all recognized the importance of implementing regulatory policies on remote inspections in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The remote inspection guidelines from the 5 selected regulatory authorities aimed at mitigating the impact of the pandemic but, while providing valuable advice to the pharmaceutical companies and being similar in intent, were not always aligned in terms of approach and solutions.
On-site inspections are likely to continue to be the norm and the preferred standard for the foreseeable future. However, health authorities will need to further adopt a risk-based inspection approach and stimulate the increased uptake of inspection reliance as proposed by the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme not to overwhelm the pharmaceutical companies with repeat and redundant inspections. Remote inspections have proven to be a new inspection tool, but health authorities should align on their approach to remote inspections in terms of methods applied and documentation requested.
Journal Article
القياصرة الأمريكيون : سير الرؤساء من فرانكلين د. روزفلت إلى جورج دبليو بوش
ناجيل هاملتون أشهر كتاب السيرة في العالم يضع خبرته الواسعة ومعلوماته الدقيقة والنادرة في اثني عشر فصلا يستعرض فيها آخر اثني عشر رئيسا أميركيا كيف اعتلوا عرش الرئاسة وكيف واجهوا تحديات الإمبراطورية لدى تبوئهم المنصب وكيف كان تعاطيهم مع مصالح أميركا وتأمين سلامها وأمنها ولو على دمار العالم ؛ بأي استراتيجية تجنبوا تبعات الحرب الباردة مع السوفيات وما بعدها يدخل إلى حياتهم الخاصة كاشفا نقاط ضعفهم ونقاط قوتهم، علاقاتهم بمحيطهم الضيق وامتداد إلى زعماء العالم الأقوياء في الشرق والغرب. ي عرج على نجاحاتهم العظيمة وأخطائهم القاتلة في السياسات الداخلية والخارجية وكيف يتعاملون مع الأزمات الكبيرة وبأي أعصاب باردة خاضوا الحروب... وي قارن بين رئيس وآخر : م ن برهن على عظمة ومن أخفق. يشير إلى التحالفات التي عقدت في العلن وفي الخفاء يضعهم رئيسا رئيسا على المحك، بدءا بروزفلت، ترومان، أيزنهاور، كيندي، جونسون، نيكسون، فورد، كارتر، ريغان، بوش الأب، كلينتون، وانتهاء بالإمبراطور الأسوأ بوش الابن ونائبه ديك تشيني اللذين دمرا بملء إرادتهما الكثير من الأسس الأخلاقية.
Book
Magnetically Engineered Conductivity of Soft Liquid Metal Composites for Robotic, Wearable Electronic, and Medical Applications
Stretchable composites comprising liquid metal (LM) inclusions and silicone elastomers (LME composites) are of great interest for soft electronics and wearable devices. LME composites consisting of highly deformable materials and low conductive filler ratios offer high stretchability and good strain‐tolerant conductance, while not compromising the functionality of their host systems. Despite advances, actively achieving electrical conductivity for LME composites with a low ratio of fillers is challenging, especially in highly deformable elastomers. Herein, a new fabrication strategy that turns nonconductive LME composites with highly deformable elastomers into conductive ones using a small amount of magnetic Ni‐doped LM is introduced. By actively manipulating conductive fillers with an external magnetic field, electrically conductive traces can sustainably be achieved at any desired location. Experimental results show that conductive traces have high conductivity of 2.55 × 105 S m−1, high stretchability (>450%), good strain‐tolerant conductance (R/R0 ≈ 1.56 at 250% strain), and especially a tensile modulus as low as 60.1 kPa at a very low loading ratio (9.7% by volume). The noncontacting magnetic fabrication also enables the creation of diverse configurations in 1D, 2D, and 3D, offering a broad range of potential applications from robotics, stretchable electronics, wearable devices, smart garments to biomedical systems. The key to this study is a new fabrication approach with stretchable conductive composites based on magnetic Ni‐doped liquid metal and a highly deformable elastomer that sustainably achieves electrical conductivity at a very low filler content. This can be used to create 1D, 2D, and 3D stretchable conductors with remarkably low stiffness for a wide range of applications.
Journal Article