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Talented di-phase ferrite/ferroelectric BaTi 0 . 7 Fe 0 . 3 O 3 @NiFe 2 O 4  (BFT@NFO) in oval nano-morphology was chemically synthesized using controlled sol–gel processes and calcined at 600 °C. The effects of shielding using NiFe 2 O 4  (NFO) nanoparticles on the microstructure, phase transition, thermal, and relative permittivity of BaTi 0 . 7 Fe 0 . 3 O 3 (BTF) nano-perovskite were systematically explored. X-ray diffraction patterns and Full-Prof software exhibited the forming of the BaTi 2 Fe 4 O 11 hexagonal phase. TEM and SEM images demonstrated that the coating of BaTi0. 7 Fe 0 . 3 O 3  has been successfully controlled with exquisite nano-oval NiFe 2 O 4  shapes. The NFO shielding can significantly promote the thermal stability and the relative permittivity of BFT@NFO pero-magnetic nanocomposites and lowers the Curie temperature. Thermogravimetric and optical analysis were used to test the thermal stability and estimate the effective optical parameters. Magnetic studies showed a decrease in saturation magnetization of NiFe 2 O 4  NPs compared to their bulk system, which is attributed to surface spin disorder. Herein, characterization and the sensitive electrochemical sensor were constructed for the evaluation of peroxide oxidation detection using the chemically adjusted nano-ovals barium titanate-iron@nickel ferrite nanocomposites. Finally, The BFT@NFO exhibited excellent electrochemical properties which can be ascribed to this compound possessing two electrochemical active components and/or the nano-ovals structure of the particles which can further improve the electrochemistry through the possible oxidation states and the synergistic effect. The result advocates that when the BTF is shielded with NFO nanoparticles the thermal, dielectric, and electrochemical properties of nano-oval BaTi 0.7 Fe 0.3 O 3 @NiFe 2 O 4  nanocomposites can be synchronously developed. Thus, the production of ultrasensitive electrochemical nano-systems for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is of extensive significance.

This study aims to develop an innovative drug delivery bio-system using bioglass (BIOGLASS) and biopolymers of Sodium Alginate (SA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in microsphere form as a carrier for Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid drug. In this work BIOGLASS/SA-PVP and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid loaded BIOGLASS/SA-PVP microspheres (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were synthesized using the ion crosslinking method technique. The fabricated microspheres were analyzed using FT-IR, FESEM/EDX, and XRD confirming the in-vitro examination. XRD and FTIR data demonstrate the effective creation of the apatite layer and the appearance of new apatite peaks at both 605 cm −1 and 565 cm −1 , distinguishing the prolonged vibrations associated with the group. SEM images reveal that the prepared bio-beads have a spherical shape, with sizes falling in the micro-scale. The dielectric constant (εʹ), the dielectric loss (εʺ), and the AC conductivity (σ) were slow at the frequency range of 4 Hz to 8 MHz at room temperature. The antibacterial examinations of the fabricated microspheres were performed employing agar diffusion procedure against the clinical pathogens Gram + and Gram - bacteria. The SBF (simulated body fluid) experiments display the formation of a hydroxy appetite coating on the microsphere’s surfaces that approves their significant bioactivity. Furthermore, antimicrobial results of BIOGLASS/SA-PVP/Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid microspheres reveal a notable impact on the antimicrobial performance. The in-vitro tests established that fabricated bio-microspheres are a promising opportunity for bone tissue engineering (substitutes and regeneration), signifying their promise for bone application.

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CF NPs) have received appreciable interest recently due to their impressive chemical stability, high coercivity, and potent anisotropic magneto-crystalline. The Sol-gel method was appointed to manufacture Cobalt ferrites, utilizing ethylene glycol (Eth) and water (H 2 O) as diverse solvents to construct CF-Eth and CF-H 2 O. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of CF-Eth and CF-H 2 O NPs were entirely deliberated through techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD refinement through Rietveld methods utilizing Fullprof software proved that both samples crystallized into a spinel structure in cubic phase with space group Fd-3 m. The Williamson-Hall Plot was employed to determine the crystallite size (G) and microstrain (ε). The mean crystallite size was found to be 73 nm and 51 nm for CF-Eth and CF-H 2 O, respectively. FE-SEM confirmed the regular shape distribution of the particles. The measured saturation magnetization (MS) was 76.6 and 71.9 emu g −1 for CF-Eth and CF-H 2 O NPs, respectively, at room temperature. Graphical Abstract Highlights XRD revealed the Successful synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 in spinel structure using different solvents. Rietveld Refinement revealed a high crystalline structure of the fabricated ferrites. SEM reveals a nanospheric shape of the synthesized CoFe 2 O 4 . Magnetic Characterization of Nanospheric CoFe 2 O 4 proves the significant impact of solvents on the physical properties.

Perovskite oxide materials, specifically MgTiO 3 (MT) and Li-doped MgTiO 3 (MTxLi), were synthesized via a sol–gel method and calcination at 800 °C. This study explores the impact of varying Li doping levels (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) on the crystalline structure and properties of MgTiO 3 . X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a well-defined rhombohedral MgTiO 3 phase. Optical diffuse reflectance measurements provided insights into energy gap values, refractive index, and dielectric constant. Li + doping enhanced the electrical properties of MgTiO 3 , with a notable phase transition observed at 50 °C. The study investigated impedance and AC conductivity under varying temperature and frequency conditions (25–120 °C, 4 Hz to 8 MHz). Electrochemical analysis through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed highly electrocatalytic properties for MTxLi, particularly when modified onto screen-printed electrodes. This work not only advances the understanding of Li-doped MgTiO 3 nanostructures but also highlights their significant potential for direct electrochemical applications, particularly in the realm of energy storage.

This article investigates the effect of Ni 2+ content on structural (XRD, XPS), morphological (TEM), and magnetic behaviors of silica magnesium zirconium copper nanoceramics calcined at 800 °C. The sol–gel route is followed for the silica magnesium zirconium copper/(0.0–0.7) Ni 2+ samples preparation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to analyze the chemical states of elements for the samples. The three representative binding energy magnitudes for O, Ni, and Cu reside at 534, 857, and 979 eV, consecutively. The saturation magnetization constricts with the elevation of Ni 2+ content, while the magnetic hysteresis loop resembles the superparamagnetic attitude. The optical spectra present the possibility of direct and indirect transitions in the prepared nanoceramics. Energy gap (value and type), refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constant were extracted. The energy gap approaches 3.75 eV and 3.71 eV for direct and indirect transitions correspondingly with (0.7) Ni 2+ . The antimicrobial and the toxicity performance of all inspected nanocomposites were conducted against pathogenic microbes. The attained results evidenced that SMZC-0.7Ni possesses energetic antimicrobial potential against all targeted microbes. The investigated SMZC-0.7Ni nanocomposite functioned to eradicate frequent waterborne pathogens in wastewater at an appropriate dose (100 mg/L), demonstrating that SMZC can be utilized as a competent disinfectant in the municipal wastewater decontamination process. Inherently, SMZC-0.7Ni can be employed as an excellent nano-weapon against multiple dangerous microorganisms.

In this paper, we present a humidity sensing material based on nanostructured Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel to enhance optical and sensitivity performance. Nano-porous of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel were synthesized using sol gel reactions and calcined at 700 °C. The nanostructures of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 spinel underwent thorough characterization through multiple techniques. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) coupled with Rietveld refinement using FullProf software, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and optical analysis were employed to assess various aspects of the nanostructures. These techniques were utilized to determine the phase composition, particle size distribution, chemical bonding, and the tunable band gap of the nanostructures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Zn (1.6 − x) Na 0.4 Cu x TiO 4 samples revealed well-defined and prominent peaks, indicating a highly crystalline cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameter was decreased from 8.4401 to 8.4212 Å with increasing Cu content from 0 to 1.2 mol%. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra were employed to investigate the optical characteristics of copper-doped Zn 1.6 Na 0.4 TiO 4 . The applicability of Cu@NaZT spinel nanostructures in humidity sensors was evaluated at ambient conditions. The fabricated sensor was investigated in a wide span of humidity (11–97%). The examined sensor demonstrates a low hysteresis, excellent repeatability, fast response and recovery. The response and recovery times were estimated to be 20 s and 6 s respectively. The highest sensitivity was achieved at 200 Hz. The proposed sensor can be coupled easily with electronic devices as the humidity–impedance relationship is linear.

Mixed-metal oxide spinel ferrite nanoparticles of composition Na 0.5 Mn x Co (0.5− x ) Fe 2 O 4 (where x  = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were synthesized successfully through a well-known citrate sol–gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction approach, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and spectroscopic Fourier transform infrared were used to investigate the microstructure and the formation of the composites. Diffuse reflectance was employed to investigate the optical properties and estimating of optical band gap type and value. The magnetic analysis was made by employing a vibrating sample magnetometer. It was found that the average crystallite size increases with the increase of manganese (Mn) content. The formation of the spinel structure of Mn-doped Na-CFO was confirmed by FTIR spectra. The direct optical band gap was observed through the Kubelka–Munk function calculation of diffusely reflected light. The saturation magnetization decreases with the addition of Mn cations.

This work reports the formation of polyacrylic acid (PAA)—zinc oxide (ZnO)—bromocresol purple (BCP), (PAA-ZnO@ (0.00–0.01) BCP wide-bandgap organic semiconductors deposited onto glass substrates via a sol–gel polymerization process. These semiconductor films were deposited on glass substrates using a spin coating and then dried at 60 °C. The PAA-ZnO film appeared to be of amorphous phase, and films loaded with BCP revealed semicrystalline behavior. The surface of the films exhibited adherence and extended grains. The hydrogen bonds formed between PAA-ZnO and the BCP dye within the PAA-ZnO@BCP films was performed using FTIR-spectroscopy. The prepared nanocomposites demonstrate an indirect band transition which is affected slightly by adding ZnO and BCP dye. Optical parameters such as the absorption coefficient, the refractive index, the dielectric constant, optical conductivity, optical depth, and optical electronegativity of the prepared nanocomposites were studied as functions of incident light energy (wavelength). The PAA carbonyl group n-π* transition and BCP aromatic ring π-π* transitions were detected at about 285 (for all samples) and 432 nm (for BCP loaded samples), respectively. The superior photoluminescence characteristics observed in the BCP/PAA-Zn films excited with a wavelength of 250 nm indicated the successful loading of the BCP dye during the self-aggregation of the PAA-Zn film.

A nanosheets containing chitosan (CS) and bioactive P 2 O 5 :SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 were prepared by the sol–gel method. The nanosheets were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR and optical studies. FE-SEM displayed a nano-clustering and dense structure with promising morphology. The optical results reveal that the incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles within the phosphosilicate/chitosan system was successfully cross-linked and create a change in the internal electronic structure. The optical band gap increased from 3.6 to 3.8 eV with increasing Al 2 O 3 content. The antimicrobial effectiveness for chitosan/phosphosilicate/(0.6, 0.9 mol.%)Al 2 O 3 nanosheets exhibited remarkable enhancement in the antimicrobial activities that candidates it for spectroscopic and bio-applications.

Herein, we successfully synthesized nano-porous Co 2 O 3 /Cu 2 O 3 : Al 2 O 3 : SiO 2 ((0, 5, 7, 9) Co-CAS) using the acidic sol-gel approach and calcined at 800 °C for 4 h. The crystallization behavior and spectroscopic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectra analysis. The antibiotic properties of the nano-porous CAS, 5Co-CAS, and 9Co-CAS magnetic nanocomposites was studied against some potentially pathogenic bacteria in water and wastewater samples. The bacteria tested included Escherichia coli , Salmonella enterica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and Bacillus subtilis . Incorporating Co 2 O 3 resulted in the identification of three peaks at 2θ = 10.2°, 13.4°, and 15°. The introduction of cobalt nanoparticles created a ferromagnetic behavior in the CAS nanoceramic, with the magnetic moment and saturation values increasing with increased Co 2 O 3 doping. 9Co-CAS was most potent against all the tested pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25 mg/L within 40 min for E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 50 mg/L within 10 min for S. enterica ; the lowest antibacterial activity was observed with the unmodified CAS. The findings revealed that the manufactured nanocomposite materials were potent disinfectants with a promising application for water and wastewater treatment.