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3D graphics for game programming
\"Many of computer graphics classes in colleges are focused on real-time rendering and animation. However, it is not easy to nd an appropriate textbook, which presents the state of the art in interactive graphics, is balanced between theory and practicality, and is of a proper length to be covered in a semester. This book is written for answering the need and presents the must-know in interactive graphics. This book ts the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate classes for 'Computer Graphics' and 'Game Programming.' Another primary reader group of this book may be composed of game developers, who have experience in graphics APIs and shader programming but have felt lack of theoretical background in 3D graphics. A lot of programming manual-like books can be found in the bookstore, but they do not provide a sufficient level of mathematical background for the game developers. Assuming that the readers have minimal understanding of vectors and matrices, this book provides an opportunity to combine their experiences with the background theory of computer graphics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Current landscape of mRNA technologies and delivery systems for new modality therapeutics
Realizing the immense clinical potential of mRNA-based drugs will require continued development of methods to safely deliver the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without triggering side effects. In this regard, lipid nanoparticles have been successfully utilized to improve mRNA delivery and protect the cargo from extracellular degradation. Encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles was an essential factor in the successful clinical application of mRNA vaccines, which conclusively demonstrated the technology's potential to yield approved medicines. In this review, we begin by describing current advances in mRNA modifications, design of novel lipids and development of lipid nanoparticle components for mRNA-based drugs. Then, we summarize key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA therapeutics. Finally, we cover topics related to targeted delivery systems, including endosomal escape and targeting of immune cells, tumors and organs for use with mRNA vaccines and new treatment modalities for human diseases.
Journal Article
Dancing on the edge
A young girl from a dysfunctional family creates for herself an alternative world which nearly results in her death but which ultimately leads her to reality.
Book
Correlation between bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and myopic progression in children with intermittent exotropia
Although several studies have reported about the relationship between the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia and myopic progression, it remains unclear, unlike the relationship between esotropia and hyperopia. Thus, this retrospective case control study evaluated the impact of bilateral lateral rectus recession in intermittent exotropia on myopic progression. This study included 388 patients with intermittent exotropia. The refractive errors and degree of exodeviation at each follow up period were analyzed. The rate of myopic progression was −0.46 ± 0.62 diopter (D)/year in patients who underwent surgery and −0.58 ± 0.78 D/year in patients who did not, with no significant difference between them (
p
= 0.254). Patients who had recurrences of more than 10 prism diopters were compared with patients who did not have. The rate of myopic progression was −0.57 ± 0.72 D/year in the recurrent group and −0.44 ± 0.61 D/year in the non-recurrent group, with no significant difference between them (
p
= 0.237). Patients with fast myopic progression had more recurrence than patients with slow progression (
p
= 0.042). Moreover, recurrence had a positive correlation with fast myopic progression (OR = 2.537,
p
= 0.021). Conclusively, the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia did not influence myopic progression.
Journal Article
Insulin Resistance-Varying Associations of Adiposity Indices with Cerebral Perfusion in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study
Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue may accelerate brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Several adiposity indices were proposed to assess obesity, while their linkage with brain health in older adults remained unclear. Here we aimed to examine the associations of adiposity indices with global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults, while considering insulin resistance.
This was a cross-sectional population-based study that included older adults derived from the baseline participants in the ongoing Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND-China) study.
The study included 103 Chinese rural-dwelling older adults (age≥60 years; 69.9% women) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans.
We estimated eight adiposity indices based on anthropometric measures. We automatically quantified global and regional CBF using the arterial spin labeling scans. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index and then dichotomized into high and low levels according to the median. Data were analyzed using general linear model and voxel-wise analysis.
Of the eight examined adiposity indices, only higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body roundness index (BRI) were associated with reduced global CBF (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients and 95%CI: −1.76; −3.25, −0.27 and −1.77; −3.25, −0.30, respectively) and hypoperfusion in bilateral middle temporal gyri, angular gyri and superior temporal gyri, left middle cingulum and precuneus (P<0.05). There were statistical interactions of WHtR and BRI with levels of insulin resistance on CBF, such that the significant associations of higher WHtR and BRI with lower global and regional CBF existed only in people with high insulin resistance (P<0.05).
Higher WHtR and BRI are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in older adults, especially in people with high insulin resistance. This may highlight the pathological role of visceral fat in vascular brain aging.
Journal Article
Efficacy of part-time patching in preventing recurrence after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with intermittent exotropia
Background
This study evaluate the efficacy of part-time patching in preventing recurrence after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).
Methods
A total of 190 children aged 3–13 years who experienced recurrence after BLR for IXT and received part-time patching were retrospectively reviewed. The patching was prescribed for 2 h per day for more than 6 months. Patients who had a recurrence of 18 PD or more underwent reoperation. Changes in exodeviation and reoperation ratio after part-time patching were analyzed.
Results
A total of 34 patients (17.9%) received reoperation after part-time patching, and the reoperation ratio after 2 years was 20.3% as per the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Patients with a recurrence of 7 to 10 PD showed a significantly better effect compared to those with a recurrence of more than 10 PD (
p
< 0.001), and the reoperation ratio was also lower in the survival analysis (
p
= 0.004). The factor associated with reoperation in patients with part-time patching was the duration between the operation and the initiation of part-time patching (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.006,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusions
Part-time patching was effective in maintaining the efficacy of surgery and delaying the need of reoperation after BLR. This effect was better in patients with a recurrence of ≤ 10 PD.
Journal Article
The influence of physical activity on emotional management ability in college students: a chain mediating role of psychological resilience and health literacy
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) on emotional management ability (EMA) in college students and to analyze the chain mediating roles of psychological resilience (PR) and health literacy (HL) in the relationship between PA and EMA.
Methods
Demographic information was collected using a stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling method. Data on PA, PR, HL, and EMA among college students were collected using an online questionnaire. A total of 13,590 valid questionnaires were obtained.
Results
A significant positive correlation was found between PA and EMA in college students (
r
= 0.177,
P
< 0.01). PR and HL played significant mediating roles in the relationship between PA and EMA. The mediation effect consisted of independent mediation by PR and HL and a chain mediation effect between the two. The values of the independent mediation effects and the chain mediation effect were 0.011, 0.010, and 0.004, respectively. The chain mediation effect was lower than each of the individual mediation effects and showed a statistically significant difference compared to the mediation effect of HL (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
PA significantly enhances college students’ EMA through direct effects and a chain mediation pathway involving PR and HL. Coordinated interventions, including regular exercise, PR training, and health education, are recommended to optimize college students’ psychological health.
Journal Article