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Intrinsic antiferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) monolayer (ML) crystals enriches our understanding of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic orders and presents several advantages over ferromagnetism in spintronic applications. However, studies of 2D intrinsic antiferromagnetism are sparse, owing to the lack of net magnetisation. Here, by combining spin-polarised scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we investigate the magnetism of vdW ML CrTe 2 , which has been successfully grown through molecular-beam epitaxy. We observe a stable antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at the atomic scale in the ML crystal, whose bulk is ferromagnetic, and correlate its imaged zigzag spin texture with the atomic lattice structure. The AFM order exhibits an intriguing noncollinear spin reorientation under magnetic fields, consistent with its calculated moderate magnetic anisotropy. The findings of this study demonstrate the intricacy of 2D vdW magnetic materials and pave the way for their in-depth analysis. In two dimensions magnetic order without magnetic anisotropy is forbidden, making 2D magnetic systems a rich playground for interesting physics. Here, Xian et al. fabricate monolayers of CrTe2, and demonstrate antiferromagnetic ordering, with spin reorientation at finite magnetic fields.

Emerging functionalities in two-dimensional materials, such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity and ferroelectricity, open new avenues for promising nanoelectronic applications. Here, we report the discovery of intrinsic in-plane room-temperature ferroelectricity in two-dimensional Bi 2 TeO 5 grown by chemical vapor deposition, where spontaneous polarization originates from Bi column displacements. We found an intercalated buffer layer consist of mixed Bi/Te column as 180° domain wall which enables facile polarized domain engineering, including continuously tunable domain width by pinning different concentration of buffer layers, and even ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition when the polarization unit is pinned down to single atomic column. More interestingly, the intercalated Bi/Te buffer layer can interconvert to polarized Bi columns which end up with series terraced domain walls and unusual fan-shaped ferroelectric domain. The buffer layer induced size and shape tunable ferroelectric domain in two-dimensional Bi 2 TeO 5 offer insights into the manipulation of functionalities in van der Waals materials for future nanoelectronics. Tunability of ferroelectric domain structure is significant in ferroelectric materials. Here, the authors present in-plane ferroelectricity in 2D Bi 2 TeO 5 in which the ferroelectric domain size and shape can be continuously tuned by the Bi/Te ratio.

Higher levels of school connectedness are associated with better study habits, but their relationship with academic burnout and the underlying mechanisms have not been revealed. We used a questionnaire to investigate the relationship between school connectedness and academic burnout and the mediating mechanisms of burnout in a sample of 394 Chinese middle school students, controlling for class, gender, and grade level. The results revealed that (1) school connectedness, autonomous motivation to learn, and core self-evaluations were significantly negatively related to academic burnout; and that (2) academic self-handicapping, core self-evaluations, and autonomous motivation to learn individually mediated the effects of school connectedness on academic burnout and mediated the effects of multiple factors. Therefore, educators should pay attention to the emotional needs of junior high school students, increase the level of school connectedness, consciously help students cultivate positive psychological factors such as autonomous motivation and core self-evaluations, reduce academic self-handicapping, increase their learning pleasure, and alleviate junior high school students’ academic burnout.

Team perspective taking is a process of team member empathy, motivation for other people’s ideas and feelings, and the ability to understand objectively. It can have positive impacts on teams, but the question of whether team perspective taking positively affects the sense of collective thriving exhibited by the team has not been answered, and the intrinsic mechanism underlying this influence has not been revealed. To explore the impact of team perspective taking on the collective thriving of college student innovation teams, this study constructs a chain mediation model based on theories such as the socially embedded model of thriving. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate 225 college student innovation teams. The results show that (1) team perspective taking, team trust, and team reflexivity are positively correlated with collective thriving. (2) Team trust and team reflexivity play separate mediating roles in the influence of team perspective taking on collective thriving. Team trust also plays a chain mediating role, and its mediating path is team perspective taking → team trust → team reflexivity → collective thriving. Team perspective taking not only has a direct effect on the collective thriving of college students’ innovation teams but also has an indirect effect through the chain mediating path of team trust and team reflexivity. This study not only further enriches the antecedent literature on collective thriving but also verifies the promoting effect of various resource factors on collective thriving at the team level and provides a theoretical reference for the activation of collective thriving.

Solar chimneys may induce natural ventilation through solar radiation. However, sufficient theoretical studies are needed as a basis to fully exploit passive design in practical green building design. In this work, we investigate the heat transfer properties of turbulent natural convective flows in a combined solar chimney with a thermal flux at the absorption wall by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Two different flow patterns have been found, one with a clear thermal boundary layer flow pattern and the other without, based on high Rayleigh numbers. For flow development in these two flow regimes, the transient scaling analysis is performed separately and the control mechanism for each phase is presented. Some new scale relationships are established to characterize the ventilation performance of solar chimneys, including thermal boundary layer thickness δT, velocity vT, mass flow m, and so on. For the distinct thermal boundary layers, δT,s ~ HΓ2/5/Bo1/5κ2/5, vT,s ~ Bo2/5κ4/5Γ1/5/H, m ~ ρBo1/5κ2/5Γ3/5. For nonobvious thermal boundary layers, vT,f ~ Bo1/3κ/H2/3W1/3, m ~ ρBo1/3κ/A2/3. The important scale relationships are validated using corresponding numerical simulation data, such as the mass flow rate scale M ~ (Γ/κ)3/5Bo1/5 in the distinct thermal boundary layer flow state, and so on. The air changes per hour and heat exchange efficiencies are calculated for a solar chimney with a fixed height‐to‐width ratio to provide a basis for the design of a solar chimney. Theoretical analysis and numerical study of natural convection inside combined solar chimney.

Probing large‐scale intrinsic structure of air‐sensitive 2D materials with atomic resolution is so far challenging due to their rapid oxidization and contamination. Here, by keeping the whole experiment including growth, transfer, and characterizations in an interconnected atmosphere‐control environment, the large‐scale intact lattice structure of air‐sensitive monolayer 1T’‐WTe2 is directly visualized by atom‐resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy. Benefit from the large‐scale atomic mapping, collective lattice distortions are further unveiled due to the presence of anisotropic rippling, which propagates perpendicular to only one of the preferential lattice planes in the same WTe2 monolayer. Such anisotropic lattice rippling modulates the intrinsic point defect (Te vacancy) distribution, in which they aggregate at the constrictive inner side of the undulating structure, presumably due to the ripple‐induced asymmetric strain as elaborated by density functional theory. The results pave the way for atomic characterizations and defect engineering of air‐sensitive 2D layered materials. The large‐scale intrinsic lattice structure of air‐sensitive 1T’‐WTe2 monolayer is directly revealed by atomic scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging with dedicated sample protection. The collective thermal equilibrium lattice distortion, i.e., rippling, is found to be anisotropic and propagate only perpendicular to one of the preferential lattice planes, completely different than monolayer graphene and MoS2 with hexagonal symmetry.

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of human kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) as an effective biomarker for breast cancer. Cancer Genome Atlas data and 12 independent public breast cancer microarray data sets were downloaded and analyzed using individual and pooled approaches. The results of our study revealed a strong and positive correlation between KIF4A expression and malignant features of breast cancer. KIF4A had a strong prognostic value in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers comparable to or even better than tumor size, lymph node invasion, and Elston grade. We also found that KIF4A might be the target gene of microRNA-335, which can suppress KIF4A expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of its mRNA. KIF4A might serve as a robust prognostic predictor for breast cancer. Targeting KIF4A activity could be a promising therapeutic option in breast cancer treatment.

2D semiconductors show promise as a competitive candidate for developing future integrated circuits due to their immunity to short‐channel effects and high carrier mobility at atomic layer thicknesses. The inherent defects and Fermi level pinning effect lead to n‐type transport characteristics in most 2D semiconductors, while unstable and unsustainable p‐type doping by various strategies hinders their application in many areas, such as complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) devices. In this study, an intralayer/interlayer codoping strategy is introduced that stabilizes p‐type doping in 2D semiconductors. By incorporating oppositely charged ions (F and Li) with the intralayer/interlayer of 2D semiconductors, remarkable p‐type doping in WSe2 and MoTe2 with air stability up to 9 months is achieved. Notably, the hole mobility presents a 100‐fold enhancement (0.7 to 92 cm2 V−1 s−1) with the codoping procedure. Structural and elemental characterizations, combined with theoretical calculations validate the codoping mechanism. Moreover, a CMOS inverter and more complex logic functions such as NOR and XNOR, as well as large‐area device arrays are demonstrated to showcase its applications and scalability. These findings suggest that stable and straightforward intralayer/interlayer codoping strategy with charge‐space synergy holds the key to unlocking the potential of 2D semiconductors in complex and scalable device applications. An intralayer/interlayer codoping strategy with charge‐space synergy is introduced to achieve stable and sustainable hole doping in 2D semiconductors. The hole mobility of WSe2 is enhanced by 100‐fold to 92 cm2 V−1 s−1. A complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverter and complex logic functions (NOR and XNOR), as well as large‐area device arrays are demonstrated to showcase its applications and scalability.

Flow field exploration and visualization are crucial for understanding fluid dynamics. The progress in computational power, especially in high-performance computing, allows for higher-resolution simulations of flow fields. However, these advancements introduce challenges that traditional post hoc exploration and visualization techniques need help to meet, such as limited interactivity and poor visual perception. Additionally, complex visualization algorithms can be inaccessible to scientists needing more expertise in computational visualization, highlighting the need for innovative, user-friendly approaches. This dissertation addresses these challenges by proposing new methods to enhance the interactivity and visual perception of post hoc exploration and visualization. It also aims to democratize access to advanced techniques through open-source tools. Initially, it introduces a deep-learning-based neural network for Lagrangian-based particle tracing. As the first to employ deep learning in this context, it lays the groundwork for the proposed method through extensive experimentation, including evaluating flow map extraction strategies and the effects of training samples and integration durations. Various sampling techniques and optimal hyperparameter configurations are also explored. Building on this foundation, This dissertation comprehensively evaluates the Lagrangian-based particle tracing neural network. It assesses the model’s performance across different settings, such as two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) time-varying flow fields, flow fields from multiple applications, varying complexities, and structured and unstructured input data. An empirical study guides best practices in model architecture, activation functions, and training data structures. Comparative analysis with existing techniques using flow maps for visualization is also included. Moreover, this dissertation explores integrating the particle tracing model with various visualization interfaces to enhance interactivity. It introduces an interactive web-based interface and integrates high-fidelity visualization capabilities with an OSPRay-based viewer, leveraging the neural network’s efficiency. To further address the need for high-performance and high-fidelity flow field rendering, this dissertation proposes a technique for ray tracing generalized tube primitives. This method, suitable for visualizing line-type data with variable radii, bifurcations, and accurate transparency, is implemented within the OSPRay open-source framework. It provides interactive, high-quality rendering with minimal memory overhead, marking a significant advancement in flow visualization.

Two-dimensional materials that are intrinsically ferromagnetic are crucial for the development of compact spintronic devices. However, most non-layered 2D magnets with a strong ferromagnetic order are difficult to synthesize. Here we show that the flakes of trigonal and monoclinic Cr 5 Te 8 can be grown via a chemical vapour deposition method. Using magneto-optical and magnetotransport measurements, we show that both phases exhibit robust ferromagnetism with strong perpendicular anisotropy at thicknesses of a few nanometres. A high Curie temperature of up to 200 K can be obtained by manipulating the phase structure and thickness. We also observe a colossal anomalous Hall effect in the more structurally distorted monoclinic Cr 5 Te 8 , with an anomalous Hall conductivity of 650 Ω −1  cm −1 and anomalous Hall angle of 5%. Few-nanometre-thick flakes of trigonal and monoclinic Cr 5 Te 8 can be grown using chemical vapour deposition, with the monoclinic phase exhibiting an anomalous Hall conductivity of 650 Ω –1  cm –1 and anomalous Hall angle of 5%.