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Although blood is an indispensable and important resource for clinical treatment, an imbalance between supply and demand may occur as the population ages and diversifies. Studies indicate that repeat blood donors are safe blood sources because of their voluntary blood donation education and frequent blood screening. However, the high rate of reduction in the number of first-time voluntary blood donors and low rate of repeated blood donation are common problems worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention in nonregular blood donors using web-based videos and SMS text messages, in which the former was guided by the extended theory of planned behavior, to discover effective intervention methods to improve repeat blood donation rates among nonregular blood donors. A total of 692 nonregular blood donors in Zhejiang province were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The control group received regular, short reminder messages for a 6-month period, whereas the intervention group received web-based videos on the WeChat platform. The intervention group was guided by an extended theory of planned behavior, which included 9 factors: the respondents' attitude, subjective behavioral norms, perceived behavioral control, the willingness to donate blood, outcome expectations, self-identity, blood donation-related anxiety, cognition of the blood donation environment, and previous blood donation experience. The intervention group was divided into 2 stages: those with an intervention at 3 months and those with a follow-up 3 months later. After 6 months, the redonation rate was evaluated for the 2 groups, and the scale in the intervention group was determined both before and after the intervention. A t test, chi-square test, logistic stepwise regression, and ANOVA were performed. The intervention group's redonation rate was 16.14%, which was significantly higher than the control group's redonation rate of 5.16%; P<.001. Men who were aged 31 to 45 years and had donated blood twice had a higher redonation rate after the web-based video intervention than after the SMS text messages; P<.05. The repeat donors' improved blood donation anxiety (P=.01), outcome expectations (P=.008), and cognition of the blood donation environment (P=.005) after the intervention were significantly higher than those of the nonrepeat donors. The web-based short video intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior can effectively improve redonation rates. Outcome expectations, blood donation anxiety, and cognition of the blood donation environment can directly influence irregular blood donors to redonate blood.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on blood transfusion and collection. At the beginning of the pandemic, most blood transfusion services had a tough challenge in maintaining an optimal blood inventory. This study aims to understand the public's psychological cognition and intention toward blood donation as well as the factors influencing their worries. We aimed to find a solution for increasing blood donations and provide a scientific reference for policy formulation regarding blood donation during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. A random survey with a 14-item scale on worries related to blood donation was conducted from December 31, 2022, to January 3, 2023, among residents aged 18-60 years in Zhejiang province via SMS text messaging. The results of 8 worry items in this study were compared with the survey results of March 2022, during which COVID-19 was not considered as an epidemic in Zhejiang province. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors affecting respondents’ blood donation intention and concerns. The degree of worry about blood donation was assigned from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree), and 2-sided t tests were performed to analyze the differences in blood donation intention and worries about blood donation. In total, 1254 valid questionnaire responses were obtained. Males accounted for 62.36% (782/1254) of the sample, 78.39% (983/1254) were 18-45 years old, 60.61% (760/1254) had a university education, and 69.06% (866/1254) had no previous blood donation experience. Approximately 36.52% (458/1254) of the public clearly expressed that they had blood donation worries regarding COVID-19. The main concerns of the respondents were temporary physical weakness caused by blood donation, their own physical conditions not meeting the requirements of blood donation, inconvenient location and working hours for blood donation, and family (or friends) worrying about blood donation. Compared with the results in 2022, the results in 2023 regarding the harmful effects of blood donation on health, temporary physical weakness, infection in donated blood, and family (friends) worrying increased significantly (P<.001). The factors influencing blood donation worries regarding COVID-19 were COVID-19 infection status, adverse reactions to the donated blood, family (or friends) worrying, and unsatisfactory blood donation experience. The factors influencing blood donation intention were gender, age, previous blood donation times, blood donation worries regarding COVID-19, harmful effects of blood donation on health, and blood donation anxiety. Blood transfusion services should make full use of the recovery phase of COVID-19 infection as an important time point, publicize the blood donation process and operation standardization, reduce the public's concerns about blood donation, correct negative evaluations, and increase perceived behavioral control and subjective norms.

Highlights Oriented to the understanding of MAX series materials, the research timeline, structure diversity, and synthesis are systematically reviewed. The prediction, properties, and functional applications of MAX series materials are summarized. This review emphasizes research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials. MAX series materials, as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds, contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension, combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that M n+1 X n slabs are intercalated with A element layers. Oriented to the functional requirements of information, intelligence, electrification, and aerospace in the new era, how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces? The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics, and physical and chemical properties, revealing the correlation of composition, structure, and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction. Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research. This review provides substantial tabular information on (I) MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present, (II) structure diversity and classification convention, (III) synthesis route exploration, (IV) prediction based on theory and machine learning, (V) properties, and (VI) functional applications. Herein, the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials. In addition, the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.

Methylcobalamin (MeCbl), the activated form of vitamin B12, has been used to treat some nutritional diseases and other diseases in clinic, such as Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. As an auxiliary agent, it exerts neuronal protection by promoting regeneration of injured nerves and antagonizing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Recently several lines of evidence demonstrated that MeCbl may have potential analgesic effects in experimental and clinical studies. For example, MeCbl alleviated pain behaviors in diabetic neuropathy, low back pain and neuralgia. MeCbl improved nerve conduction, promoted the regeneration of injured nerves, and inhibited ectopic spontaneous discharges of injured primary sensory neurons. This review aims to summarize the analgesic effect and mechanisms of MeCbl at the present.

Cellulose monolith with a hierarchically porous morphology was utilized as a novel solid support for enzyme immobilization. After a series of modifications, succinimidyl carbonate (SC)-activated cellulose monolith (SCCL monolith) was obtained and it was employed to immobilize a model enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) through covalent bonding. The HRP immobilization capacity on SCCL monolith was calculated as 21.0 mg/g. The thermal stability measurement illustrated that the immobilized HRP exhibited a largely improved thermal resistance compared to its free counterpart. The reusability of the immobilized HRP was investigated, and it could be reused at least 10 cycles without significant activity loss. Therefore, cellulose monolith is found to be an ideal solid support for enzyme immobilization.

A novel hybrid type photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing was prepared with bisphenol A type epoxy diacrylate （EA-612）, tripropylene glycol diacrylate （TPGDA）,ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate（EO3TMPTA）, cycloaliphatic diepoxide（ERL-4221）,polycaprolactonepolyol（Polyol-0301）,1-hydroxy-cyclohphenyl ketone（Irgacure184）, and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts （Ar3SSbF6）. The novel hybrid type photosensitive resin was the photosensitive resin of an epoxy-acrylate hybrid system, which proceeded free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization in ultraviolet （UV） laser. Cuboid parts and double-cantilever parts were fabricated by using a stereolithography apparatus with the novel hybrid type photosensitive resin as the processing material,and the dimension shrinkage factor and the curl factor were tested. The shrinkage factor was less than 2.00%,and the curl factor was less than 8.00%, which showed that the accuracy of the fabricated parts was high with the photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing.

Background. Blood safety levels have been significantly improved since the implementation of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) testing for blood donors. However, there remains a residual risk of transfusion transmission infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV and its residual risk transmission among volunteer blood donors of Zhejiang Province, China, for five years after NAT implementation. Materials and Methods. All specimens and information were collected from voluntary unpaid donors at all blood services in Zhejiang Province, China, from January 2018 to December 2022. The HIV antibody or antigen and HIV RNA were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and NAT, respectively. The HIV residual risk transmission was calculated using the incidence or window period model. Results. A total of 3,375,678 voluntary blood donors were detected, revealing an HIV prevalence of 9.92/100000. The HIV prevalence of blood donors in 12 blood services in Zhejiang Province was 6.11, 6.98, 7.45, 8.21, 8.36, 8.94, 9.04, 9.66, 9.73, 10.22, 11.80, and 12.47 per 100000 donors, without statistically significant difference observed among the services (p>0.05). The HIV prevalence of males (15.49/100000) was significantly higher compared to females (1.95/100000; p<0.05). There was an insignificant difference in HIV prevalence among blood donors of all different age groups (p>0.05), but the HIV prevalence in the 26–35 age group and 18–25 age group was significantly higher compared to the 36–45 age group (p<0.05). The difference in HIV prevalence between first-time blood donors (13.65/100,000) and repeat blood donors (6.78/100,000) was statistically significant (p<0.05). From 2018 to 2022, the HIV residual risk in blood transfusion transmission was 0.266/100000. Conclusion. The prevalence of HIV among blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China, is associated with age, gender, and times of blood donation. The HIV residual risk in blood transfusion transmission remains low in the province, and increasing the rate of repeat blood donors is beneficial to improve blood safety.

Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, is the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment among the elderly. RPE senescence is an important contributor to AMD and has become a potential target for AMD therapy. HTRA1 is one of the most significant susceptibility genes in AMD, however, the correlation between HTRA1 and RPE senescence hasn’t been investigated in the pathogenesis of AMD. Methods Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect HTRA1 expression in WT and transgenic mice overexpressing human HTRA1 (hHTRA1-Tg mice). RT-qPCR was used to detect the SASP in hHTRA1-Tg mice and ARPE-19 cells infected with HTRA1. TEM, SA-β-gal was used to detect the mitochondria and senescence in RPE. Retinal degeneration of mice was investigated by fundus photography, FFA, SD-OCT and ERG. The RNA-Seq dataset of ARPE-19 cells treated with adv-HTRA1 versus adv-NC were analyzed. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic capacity in ARPE-19 cells were measured using OCR and ECAR. Hypoxia of ARPE-19 cells was detected using EF5 Hypoxia Detection Kit. KC7F2 was used to reduce the HIF1α expression both in vitro and in vivo. Results In our study, we found that RPE senescence was facilitated in hHTRA1-Tg mice. And hHTRA1-Tg mice became more susceptible to NaIO 3 in the development of oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration. Similarly, overexpression of HTRA1 in ARPE-19 cells accelerated cellular senescence. Our RNA-seq revealed an overlap between HTRA1-induced differentially expressed genes associated with aging and those involved in mitochondrial function and hypoxia response in ARPE-19 cells. HTRA1 overexpression in ARPE-19 cells impaired mitochondrial function and augmented glycolytic capacity. Importantly, upregulation of HTRA1 remarkably activated HIF-1 signaling, shown as promoting HIF1α expression which mainly located in the nucleus. HIF1α translation inhibitor KC7F2 significantly prevented HTRA1-induced cellular senescence in ARPE-19 cells, as well as improved the visual function in hHTRA1-Tg mice treated with NaIO 3 . Conclusions Our study showed elevated HTRA1 contributes to the pathogenesis of AMD by promoting cellular senescence in RPE through damaging mitochondrial function and activating HIF-1 signaling. It also pointed out that inhibition of HIF-1 signaling might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for AMD. F6p4cFd4Xy8hC-VtNmT8Qx Video Abstract

The ZnMn2O4/V2CTx composites with a lamellar rod-like bond structure were successfully synthesized through high-temperature calcination at 300 °C, aiming to enhance the Li storage properties of spinel-type ZnMn2O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, even though the electrode of the composites obtained at 300 °C had a nominal specific capacity of 100 mAh g−1, it exhibited an impressive specific discharge capacity of 163 mAh g−1 after undergoing 100 cycles. This represents an approximate increase of 64% compared to that observed in the pure ZnMn2O4 electrode (99.5 mAh g−1). The remarkable performance of the composite can be credited to the collaborative impact between ZnMn2O4 and V2CTx, leading to a substantial improvement in its lithium ion storage capacity. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into developing cost-effective, safe, and easily prepared anode materials.

According to the research object, these studies can be divided into three categories: novel causal and susceptibility genes in eye diseases, genetically engineered animal models for eye diseases, and novel concepts or innovative approaches for eye development and diseases. Wei et al. identified mitochondrial mutations (OPA1 and LHON-mtDNA) in nearly half of patients with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON), a well-recognized ocular complication associated with ethambutol treatment in tuberculosis patients. Since some patients with EON have severe and permanent visual loss even without the known risk factors, their findings that mitochondrial genetic variations are major predisposing factors for the development of EON provided a better understanding of EON and additional support for genetic counseling. G178R in asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1 (ASRGL1) has been reported as a causing mutation for retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited retinal degenerative disease for which there is currently no cure (Biswas et al., 2016). Since the pathological and molecular mechanisms of ASRGL1 in causing RP remains unknown, Zhu et al. developed Asrgl1 knockout mice and explored the function of Asrgl1 in the mammalian retina. Funding This study was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 82000915; 81670894; 81721003), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0112701), the Open Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology (2022KF04).