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In this work, the distributions of radionuclides activity as well as radon concentrations in selected rock samples collected from Sinai-Egypt were investigated. Radionuclides distribution, 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K, in rock samples, which were gathered from Um-Bogma region, was calculated by HPGe detector. Also radon concentration has been measured by using (SSNTD) CR-39. Using empirical equations, the concentration of 222 Rn emitted ( 226 Ra decaying) was computed and compared to the tracks recorded by CR-39. From our data, the average specific activity in Bq kg −1 for 238 U, 235 U, 234 U, 226 Ra 232 Th and 40 K were obtained. Measured radon concentrations as generated alpha tracks owing to 222 Rn m (measured radon) were compared to occurring 222 Rn p (predicted radon) as 226 Ra alpha decay to determine measured radon loss in natural samples taken from Sinai, Egypt. The geological structure appears to be the main factor affect on detected radon concentration and results shows that radon emanation was influenced by the rock type. Article highlights Radon concentrations from CR-39 recorded tracks were calculated and compared with expected radon emission. The difference between the recorded and predicted emanated radon is described by the sample density.

Gouty arthritis (GA) is an inflammatory arthritic disorder that is characterized by intense, acute inflammatory responses, such as synovitis and arthritis that occur due to articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. This study has compared the therapeutic potentials of either Berberine (BERB) or Paracetamol (Para) on MSU-induced inflammation in rat model of Gouty arthritis (GA). GA was induced by “intra-articular” injection of MSU suspension (20 mg/ml) inside the knee joint of the rat’s right limb. Circumference was measured at 48 h after MSU injection and 14 days post-treatment with BERB or Para. Gait assessment was conducted. Histopathological alterations of knee and paw (ankle) joint tissue were investigated. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were estimated. Molecular analysis of Elastase, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was evaluated. In addition, DNA fragmentation assay was performed. Our results revealed that deposition of MSU crystals in the articular joints provoked an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation (apoptosis). However, the oral treatment of MSU-induced rats with either BERB (50 mg/kg/day) or Para (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days mitigated MSU-stimulated inflammation and arthritis as represented by the behavioral, histopathological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Treatment of MSU-induced arthritic rats with BERB or Para attenuated oedema and alleviated histological signs of acute inflammation. In addition, treatment decreased chemokine levels and reduced MDA levels. These results indicated that BERB and Para exerted strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic activities against GA.

Two fungal species were isolated from the studied rock samples and identified morphologically as Aspergillus hollandicus and Penicillium citrinum . Bioleaching process was applied to W1, W2 and W3. The average concentration activity of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K are 5134.03, 5708.64, 189.51, and 1456.8 BqKg −1 , respectively. Radionuclide’s distribution in leach liquor, residual, and fungal adsorption were followed and environmental hazard indices (Ra eq , I γ , H ex , H in , and ECLR) were calculated. From the observed outcomes, the isolated fungal strains have the potential to reduce the harmful effect up to 50% compared to the original. As a result, application of these fungal strains offers a potential strategy for environmental remediation of radionuclides.

Premna odorata Blanco (Lamiaceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant native to different tropical regions. Although some reports addressed their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antituberculotic effects, their hepatoprotective potential is yet to be discovered. Accordingly, this study investigated the crude extract and different fractions of the plant leaves; metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography/high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (LC–HRESIMS) analysis, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties for the dereplicated metabolite via online PreADMET program, ROS scavenger activity on the Hep G2 human liver cancer cell line, and the possible hepatic cellular treatment effects in alcohol-inflamed liver female Wistar albino rats. Metabolic profiling dereplicated a total of 28 metabolites from the crude extract and its various fractions. In silico ADMET and ROS scavenger activity screening suggested plant metabolites are of potential bioactivity. In vivo hepatic treatment with crude, defatted crude, and n-hexane leave extracts suggested all extracts significantly improved liver damage, which was indicated by the reduction of elevated serum levels of bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, CRP, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MDA. The reduced levels of GSH and TAC were normalized during the study. Histological examinations of liver tissue showed collagen fiber distribution nearly back to its normal pattern. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of Premna odorata extracts could be partly related to the combined effects of these phytochemicals or their synergistic interactions.

The protective and therapeutic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency of Malapterurus electricus (F. Malapteruridae) skin fish methanolic extract (FE) (300 mg/kg.b.wt/day for 7 days, orally) was tested in monosodium urate(MSU)-induced arthritic Wistar albino male rats’ joints. Serum uric acid, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF- B, MDA, GSH, catalase, SOD, and glutathione reductase levels were all measured. According to the findings, FE significantly reduced uric acid levels and ankle swelling in both protective and therapeutic groups. Furthermore, it has anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating inflammatory cytokines, primarily through decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant status. All the aforementioned lesions were significantly improved in protected and treated rats with FE, according to histopathological findings. iNOS immunostaining revealed that protected and treated arthritic rats with FE had weak positive immune-reactive cells. Phytochemical analysis revealed that FE was high in fatty and amino acids. The most abundant compounds were vaccenic (24.52%), 9-octadecenoic (11.66%), palmitic (34.66%), stearic acids (14.63%), glycine (0.813 mg/100 mg), and alanine (1.645 mg/100 mg). Extensive molecular modelling and dynamics simulation experiments revealed that compound 4 has the potential to target and inhibit COX isoforms with a higher affinity for COX-2. As a result, we contend that FE could be a promising protective and therapeutic option for arthritis, aiding in the prevention and progression of this chronic inflammatory disease.

Diabetes mellitus is a major challenge for global health, and Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (B. spectabilis) is a widely used herbal remedy with diverse cultivars traditionally used for diabetes treatment. However, the comparative efficacy of these cultivars remains ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the D-pinitol content and DPPH radical-scavenging activity of methanolic leaves extracts of five B. spectabilis cultivars. Furthermore, the effects of these cultivars on various parameters, including blood glucose levels, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, renal function markers, and histopathological changes, were assessed in STZ-induced diabetic rats after one month of oral daily treatment. All tested cultivars demonstrated significant improvements in the measured parameters, albeit to varying extents. Notably, the LOE cultivar, distinguished by its orange bracts, exhibited the highest efficacy, surpassing the effectiveness of glibenclamide, an antidiabetic medication, and displayed the highest concentration of D-pinitol. These findings underscore the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate B. spectabilis cultivar to maximize the antidiabetic efficacy, with a particular emphasis on the correlation between antidiabetic activity and D-pinitol concentrations.

In this study, we synthesized new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines based on 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl moiety as expected anticancer and/or antioxidant agents. The structure of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral date (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. We evaluated the anticancer activity of these compounds toward two cell lines: A459 cell line (lung cancer cells) and MCF7 cell line (breast cancer cells). All tested compounds showed moderate to strong anti-cancer activity towards the two cell lines. Compound 7e exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line (IC50: 0.155 µM) while compound 8d showed the most potent one against MCF7 cell line (IC50: 0.170 µM) in comparison with doxorubicin. In addition, we examined the effect of compounds 7e and 8d regarding the growth of A549 and MCF7 cell lines, employing flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC apoptotic assay. Our results showed that compound 7e caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase with a 79-fold increase in apoptosis of A459 cell line. Moreover, compound 8d caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase with a 69-fold increase in apoptosis of MCF7 cell line. Furthermore, we studied the activity of these compounds as enzyme inhibitors against several enzymes. Our findings by docking and experimental studies that compound 7e is a potent CDK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.149 µM, compared to the Roscovitine control drug with IC50 of 0.380 µM. We also found that compound 8d is a significant DHFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.199 µM, compared to Methotrexate control drug with IC50 of 0.131 µM. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of ten compounds was also studied in comparison with Vitamin C. Compounds 1, 3, 6, 7c and 8e have higher antioxidant activity than Vitamin C which mean that these compounds can used as potent antioxidant drugs.

Ondansetron was validated for its use in pregnancy-associated morning sickness, but the study lacked clarity in the identification and analysis of efficacy and safety. Writing–original draft, Writing–review and editing, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization. VF-M: Writing–original draft, Writing–review and editing, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

The MNX1 gene encodes a homeobox transcription factor found to be important for pancreatic beta cell differentiation and development. Mutations of the MNX1 gene that cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) are rare and have been reported in only two cases. Both cases presented with hyperglycemia, with one case having isolated PNDM while the other had PNDM and multiple neurologic, skeletal, lung, and urologic congenital anomalies resulting in death in early infancy. We describe the genetic and clinical features of a preterm male infant with a homozygous [c.816C > A p.(Phe272Leu)] MNX1 mutation. Our proband is the first case to present in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), indicating severe insulin deficiency. Unlike the previously reported female case who had the same mutation and presented with isolated PNDM, our proband had hypospadias and congenital umbilical hernia and showed poor growth on follow up. Our case suggests that MNX1 mutations causing NDM can result in a range of extra‐pancreatic features and a variable phenotype, similar to other transcription factors causing NDM such as GATA6 and GATA4 mutations. We also cannot exclude the possibility of sex‐biased expression of MNX1 gene (which was recently reported for other monogenic/neonatal diabetes genes such as the NEUROD1 and HNF4A in humans) since the two male cases had associated multiple anomalies while the female case had isolated PNDM. Our report further defines the phenotype caused by recessive homozygous MNX1 mutations and explores potential new mechanisms regulating MNX1 gene expression which should be further explored. Our manuscript describes a male newborn with the rare MNX1 mutation with a novel presentation/phenotype of not only hyperglycemia but also severe diabetic ketoacidosis, hypospadias and congenital umbilical hernia. Thus, we expand on the phenotype presentation of MNX1 mutations associated with permanent neonatal diabetes. Since the two males who had MNX1 mutation and diabetes (our case and another previously reported case with a different mutation), had multiple congenital anomalies, whereas the female who had the same mutation as our patient had isolated diabetes, our report also raises the possibility of sex‐biased gene expression, which was recently reported for several monogenic diabetes genes. This is worth exploring further in the future especially as more cases are reported.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of individual or combined doses of dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA) and quercetin in ameliorating some biochemical indices in liver of CuO-NPs intoxicated-rats. CuO-NPs (50 nm) was administered as a daily oral dose 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks to rats followed by the fore-mentioned antioxidants for 1 month. We highlighted the therapeutic effect of DHEA and quercetin against CuO-NPs toxicity through monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activity, antioxidant defense mechanism, necrosis, apoptosis, histopathological alterations, and DNA damage. The rats given CuO-NPs only showed marked significant elevation in liver enzymes, alteration in oxidant-antioxidant balance and an elevation in the hepatic inflammatory marker; tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, over expression of both caspase-3 and Bax proteins were detected. Whereas, Bcl2 was down regulated and DNA fragmentation was elevated. Moreover, Histopathological examination of hepatic tissue reinforced the previous biochemical results. Co-treatment with either DHEA, quercetin alone or in combination ameliorated the deviated parameters with variable degrees against CuO-NPs toxicity in rat. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the aforementioned treatments exert therapeutic effect in CuO-NPs toxicity by diminishing oxidative stress, mRNA gene expression and hepatic tissues DNA damage.