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"Hanif, A"
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Performance assessment of the metaheuristic optimization algorithms: an exhaustive review
The simulation-driven metaheuristic algorithms have been successful in solving numerous problems compared to their deterministic counterparts. Despite this advantage, the stochastic nature of such algorithms resulted in a spectrum of solutions by a certain number of trials that may lead to the uncertainty of quality solutions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to use a correct tool for measuring the performance of the diverse set of metaheuristic algorithms to derive an appropriate judgment on the superiority of the algorithms and also to validate the claims raised by researchers for their specific objectives. The performance of a randomized metaheuristic algorithm can be divided into efficiency and effectiveness measures. The efficiency relates to the algorithm’s speed of finding accurate solutions, convergence, and computation. On the other hand, effectiveness relates to the algorithm’s capability of finding quality solutions. Both scopes are crucial for continuous and discrete problems either in single- or multi-objectives. Each problem type has different formulation and methods of measurement within the scope of efficiency and effectiveness performance. One of the most decisive verdicts for the effectiveness measure is the statistical analysis that depends on the data distribution and appropriate tool for correct judgments.
Journal Article
قضية المانغا المتفجرة
الرواية تتناول قصة اغتيال الرئيس الباكستاني ضياء الحق وذلك بتفجير طائرته في الجو بقنبلة يعتقد أنها كانت في صندوق هدية من ثمار المانغو لعلكم شاهدتموني على التلفاز بعد تحطم الطائرة الفيديو قصير وكل ما يظهر فيه حائل اللون مسفوع بالشمس وسحب بعد عرضه مرتين فقط في الموجز الاخباري لان تأثيره كان سلبيا على معنويات قواتنا المسلحة.
Book
Combinatorial Optimization: Comparison of Heuristic Algorithms in Travelling Salesman Problem
The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is an NP-hard problem with high number of possible solutions. The complexity increases with the factorial of n nodes in each specific problem. Meta-heuristic algorithms are an optimization algorithm that able to solve TSP problem towards a satisfactory solution. To date, there are many meta-heuristic algorithms introduced in literatures which consist of different philosophies of intensification and diversification. This paper focuses on 6 heuristic algorithms: Nearest Neighbor, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search, Ant Colony Optimization and Tree Physiology Optimization. The study in this paper includes comparison of computation, accuracy and convergence.
Journal Article
A novel CO2 utilization technology for the synergistic co-production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and syngas
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a well-known process in which CH
4
and CO
2
catalytically react to produce syngas. Solid carbon is a well-known byproduct of the DRM but is undesirable as it leads to catalyst deactivation. However, converting CO
2
and CH
4
into solid carbon serves as a promising carbon capture and sequestration technique that has been demonstrated in this study by two patented processes. In the first process, known as CARGEN technology (CARbon GENerator), a novel concept of two reactors in series is developed that separately convert the greenhouse gases (GHGs) into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and syngas. CARGEN enables at least a 50% reduction in energy requirement with at least 65% CO
2
conversion compared to the DRM process. The second process presents an alternative pathway for the regeneration/reactivation of the spent DRM/CARGEN catalyst using CO
2
. Provided herein is the first report on an experimental demonstration of a 'switching' technology in which CO
2
is utilized in both the operation and the regeneration cycles and thus, finally contributing to the overall goal of CO
2
fixation. The following studies support all the results in this work: physisorption, chemisorption, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, TGA, ICP, and Raman analysis.
Journal Article
Does the severity of untreated dental caries of preschool children influence the oral health-related quality of life?
Aim
To assess the impact of untreated dental caries and its severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Kuwaiti preschool children and their caregivers.
Methods
Participants were 4- and 5-year-old kindergarten children attending preselected public schools from one of the Governorates in Kuwait. Early childhood caries (ECC) was evaluated by clinical examinations and presented using decayed, missed, filled teeth/surface (dmft/dmfs). The clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were assessed using the pufa (pulp, ulcers, fistula, abscess) index for primary teeth. A structured questionnaire obtained demographic information of children and their caregivers. OHRQoL was assessed using the Arabic version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS).
Results
Among the 334 participants, 171 were kindergarten level-1 (KG1), and 163 were level-2 (KG2). The overall prevalence of dental caries was 78.9% for KG1 children and 67.4% for KG2 children. Decayed teeth were the main component for both dmft (84%) and dmfs (68%). The total mean (SD) pufa score was 0.54 (1.5), and about 19.2% of participants had at least one tooth with pufa > 0. A total of 207 A-ECOHIS were completed. Both family and child impact scores were significantly higher for children with a dmft score of 1 or more (p < 0.001) or with one or more pufa (p < 0.001). Child impact section scores were significantly higher with the increasing degrees of untreated caries (dt) (p = 0.004).
Conclusion
The severity of untreated dental caries and caries experience had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of Kuwaiti preschool children and their families. Using the pufa index had provided additional information about the effect of the caries severity on the OHRQoL than assessing the caries experience alone.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiographic pneumonia among children in rural Bangladesh: A case-control study
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) effectiveness against radiographic pneumonia in South Asia is unknown. Bangladesh introduced PCV10 in 2015 using a three dose primary series (3 + 0). We sought to measure PCV10 effectiveness for two or more vaccine doses on radiographic pneumonia among vaccine-eligible children in rural Bangladesh.
We conducted a matched case-control study over two years from 2015 to 2017 using clinic and community controls in three subdistricts of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Cases were vaccine eligible 3–35 month olds at Upazila Health Complex outpatient clinics with World Health Organization-defined radiographic primary endpoint pneumonia (radiographic pneumonia). Clinic controls were matched to cases within a one week time window by age, sex, and clinic and had an illness unlikely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae; community controls were healthy and similarly matched within a one week time window by age and sex, and distance from the clinic. We estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) using conditional logistic regression.
We matched 1262 cases with 2707 clinic and 2461 community controls. Overall, aVE using clinic controls was 21.4% (95% confidence interval, −0.2%, 38.4%) for ≥2 PCV10 doses and among 3–11 month olds was 47.3% (10.5%, 69.0%) for three doses. aVE increased with higher numbers of doses in clinic control sets (p = 0.007). In contrast, aVE using community controls was 7.6% (95% confidence interval, −22.2%, 30.0%) for ≥2 doses. We found vaccine introduction in the study area faster and less variable than expected with 75% coverage on average, which reduced power. Information bias may also have affected community controls.
Clinic control analyses show PCV10 prevented radiographic pneumonia in Bangladesh, especially among younger children receiving three doses. While both analyses were underpowered, community control enrollment – compared to clinic controls – was more difficult in a complex, pluralistic healthcare system. Future studies in comparable settings may consider alternative study designs.
Journal Article
Rheological insight of wall slippage and microrotation on the coating thickness during non-isothermal forward roll coating phenomena of micropolar fluid
Roll coating is important for coating industries, including wallpaper, magnetic records, photographic and plastic films, wrapping, adhesive tapes, magazines, books, etc. This theoretical study examines the non-isothermal, incompressible, steady flow of micropolar fluid inside a forward roll coating by using the lubrication approximation theory. Interesting engineering factors including pressure, roll-separating force, separation point, flow rate and power input are computed using a numerical technique, and further, the closed-form solutions for velocity, pressure gradient, temperature distribution and microrotation are also obtained. Graphs are used to show how the various parameters affect pressure, velocity, pressure gradient, shear stress and temperature distribution. Velocity profile, power input and separation points are the decreasing functions of the involved parameters. The fluid particle rotations increase the pressure distribution, leading to decreased coating thickness, which may help to improve the efficiency of coating process.
Journal Article
Tree physiology optimization on SISO and MIMO PID control tuning
The tuning of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is essential for any control application in order to ensure the best performance by step change or disturbance. This paper presents the tuning of PID controller for single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) control systems using tree physiology optimization (TPO). TPO is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired from a plant growth system derived based on the idea of plant architecture and Thornley model (TM). The basic principle of TM simplifies the plant growth into shoots and roots part. The plant shoots grow towards sunlight with the help of nutrients supplied by the root system in order to undergo photosynthesis process, a process of converting light photon into carbon. The carbon gain from the shoots extension will be supplied to the root system in order for the root to grow and search for water plus nutrients. As a result, the nutrients are supplied upwards towards shoot system for further extension. This concept runs iteratively in order to ensure optimum plant growth. The iterative search of shoot towards better light supported by the root counterparts leads to an optimization idea of TPO algorithm. TPO also has a unique exploration strategy due to its multiple branches and shoots that can be defined by user. This concept may improve the search mechanism with a better trade-off between diversification and intensification search. A simulation of SISO control system and an industrial application of MIMO control are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and compared with other optimization methods such as particle swarm optimization, Ziegler–Nichols, Tyreus–Luyben and Chien–Hrones–Reswick methods. The results clearly exhibit the capability of TPO algorithm towards finding the optimum PID parameters for SISO and MIMO process with faster settling time and better performance with respect to other methods.
Journal Article
Modeling the evolved microstructure of cement pastes governed by diffusion through barrier shells of C–S–H
A microstructure model combined with diffusion-based mechanism is reconstructed. The objective is to propose a model that could describe the long-term microstructure evolution driven by certain physical mechanisms. With modifications in parametric control, the introduced kinetics is extended to directly consider the particle size distribution (PSD) of cement (alite). The particle impingement is analyzed for the effects of PSD and water-to-cement ratio (w/c ratio). The variations of C–S–H bulk density and hydrates distribution under different temperature are explored in the microstructural modeling. Numerical results for effects of PSD, w/c ratio, temperature, as well as the ambient humidity are obtained and compared with experimental results. Validations especially for early hydration prove that the current model could capture characteristics regarding hydration and evolved microstructure from hours to years.
Journal Article