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The global emergence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria capable of hydrolyzing the once effective carbapenem antibiotics is considered a contemporary public health concern. Carbapenemase enzymes, once constrained to isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, are now routinely reported in different bacteria within the Enterobacterales order of bacteria, creating the acronym CRE which now defines Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales. CRE harboring different types of enzymes, including the most prevalent types KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM, and OXA-48, are now routinely reported and more importantly, are now frequently present in many infections world-wide. Defining and updating the contemporary epidemiology of both the US and global burden of carbapenem-resistant infections is now more important than ever. This review describes the global distribution and continued evolution of carbapenemases which continue to spread at alarming rates. Informed understanding of the current epidemiology of CRE, coupled with advances in antibiotic options, and the use rapid diagnostics offers the potential for rapid identification and management of carbapenem-resistant infections.Plain Language SummaryCarbapenems are a subclass of antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections where penicillin and cephalosporins are no longer effective. However, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) have emerged due to acquisition of carbapenemase enzymes, most prevalent types are KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM, and OXA-48; infections caused by these bacteria have disseminated globally in both the healthcare and community setting. Resulting in a significant public health issue and clinical burden, these CRE infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, in part because carbapenems are the last therapeutic line of defense against resistant and MDR bacterial infections. The author wanted to investigate current US and global epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant infections, identify factors driving changes, as well as diagnostic technologies, and reporting or surveillance methods in place to track trends and inform therapeutic protocols and development. Overall, carbapenemase enzymes originally only reported in one country or region in 2006-2007, by 2013 and onwards have spread not only to surrounding countries but to other continents, which has impacted antibiotic resistance patterns and susceptibility. Increasing human travel and environmental factors, such as livestock care, food distribution, sewage, and recreational water, have contributed to global dissemination of CRE. Active surveillance programs are key to tracking resistance in real time, in order to update susceptibility breakpoints and epidemiology, which can inform antibiotic treatment choices, management guidelines, and the development of new therapeutics. Together, these factors will help to identify, control, and treat the spread of carbapenem resistance.

\"Why do some people perform better at work than others? This deceptively simple question continues to confound professionals in all sectors of the workforce. Now, after a unique, five-year study of more than 5,000 managers and employees, Morten Hansen reveals the answers in his \"Seven Work Smarter Practices\" that can be applied by anyone looking to maximize their time and performance. Each of Hansen's seven practices is highlighted by inspiring stories from individuals in his comprehensive study. You'll meet a high school principal who engineered a dramatic turnaround of his failing high school; a rural Indian farmer determined to establish a better way of life for women in his village; and a sushi chef, whose simple preparation has led to his restaurant (tucked away under a Tokyo subway station underpass) being awarded the maximum of three Michelin stars. Hansen also explains how the way Alfred Hitchcock filmed Psycho and the 1911 race to become the first explorer to reach the South Pole both illustrate the use of his seven practices (even before they were identified). Each chapter contains questions and key insights to allow you to assess your own performance and figure out your work strengths, as well as your weaknesses. Once you understand your individual style, there are mini-quizzes, questionnaires, and clear tips to assist you focus on a strategy to become a more productive worker. Extensive, accessible, and friendly, Great at Work will help you achieve more by working less, backed by unprecedented statistical analysis\"-- From Amazon.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel member of the noncoding cancer genome with distinct properties and diverse cellular functions, which is being explored at a steadily increasing pace. The list of endogenous circRNAs involved in cancer continues to grow; however, the functional relevance of the vast majority is yet to be discovered. In general, circRNAs are exceptionally stable molecules and some have been shown to function as efficient microRNA sponges with gene-regulatory potential. Many circRNAs are highly conserved and have tissue-specific expression patterns, which often do not correlate well with host gene expression. Here we review the current knowledge on circRNAs in relation to their implications in tumorigenesis as well as their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as possible therapeutic targets in future personalized medicine. Finally, we discuss future directions for circRNA cancer research and current caveats, which must be addressed to facilitate the translation of basic circRNA research into clinical use.

A bstract We discuss a method to construct hadronic scattering and decay amplitudes from Euclidean correlators, by combining the approach of a regulated inverse Laplace transform with the work of Maiani and Testa [1]. Revisiting the original result of ref. [1], we observe that the key observation, i.e. that only threshold scattering information can be extracted at large separations, can be understood by interpreting the correlator as a spectral function, ρ ( ω ), convoluted with the Euclidean kernel, e −ωt , which is sharply peaked at threshold. We therefore consider a modification in which a smooth step function, equal to one above a target energy, is inserted in the spectral decomposition. This can be achieved either through Backus-Gilbert-like methods or more directly using the variational approach. The result is a shifted resolution function, such that the large t limit projects onto scattering or decay amplitudes above threshold. The utility of this method is highlighted through large t expansions of both three- and four-point functions that include leading terms proportional to the real and imaginary parts (separately) of the target observable. This work also presents new results relevant for the un-modified correlator at threshold, including expressions for extracting the Nπ scattering length from four-point functions and a new strategy to organize the large t expansion that exhibits better convergence than the expansion in powers of 1/ t .

A bstract This work employs the spectral reconstruction approach of ref. [ 1 ] to determine an inclusive rate in the 1 + 1 dimensional O(3) non-linear σ -model, analogous to the QCD part of e + e − → hadrons. The Euclidean two-point correlation function of the conserved current j is computed using Monte Carlo lattice field theory simulations for a variety of spacetime volumes and lattice spacings. The spectral density of this correlator is related to the inclusive rate for j → X in which all final states produced by the external current are summed. The ill-posed inverse problem of determining the spectral density from the correlation function is made tractable through the determination of smeared spectral densities in which the desired density is convolved with a set of known smearing kernels of finite width ϵ . The smooth energy dependence of the underlying spectral density enables a controlled ϵ → 0 extrapolation in the inelastic region, yielding the real-time inclusive rate without reference to individual finite-volume energies or matrix elements. Systematic uncertainties due to cutoff effects and residual finite-volume effects are estimated and taken into account in the final error budget. After taking the continuum limit, the results are consistent with the known analytic rate to within the combined statistical and systematic errors. Above energies where 20-particle states contribute, the overall precision is sufficient to discern the four-particle contribution to the spectral density.

\"Focus on the clinically relevant aspects of anatomy and bridge normal anatomy to common clinical conditions with Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 4th Edition. This easy-to-read, visually stunning text features nearly 600 superb Netter-style illustrations that provide essential descriptions of anatomy, embryology, and pathology to help you understand their clinical relevance. Authored by John Hansen, PhD, an Honored Member of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, this book is an ideal anatomy reference for students who want to make the most of their study time or need a concise review of clinical anatomy\"-- Publisher's description.

A bstract The leading finite-volume and thermal effects, arising in numerical lattice QCD calculations of a μ HVP , LO ≡ g − 2 μ HVP , LO / 2 , are determined to all orders with respect to the interactions of a generic, relativistic effective field theory of pions. In contrast to earlier work [1] based in the finite-volume Hamiltonian, the results presented here are derived by formally summing all Feynman diagrams contributing to the Euclidean electromagnetic-current two-point function, with any number of internal pion loops and interaction vertices. As was already found in ref. [1], the leading finite-volume corrections to a μ HVP , LO scale as exp[ −mL ] where m is the pion mass and L is the length of the three periodic spatial directions. In this work we additionally control the two sub-leading exponentials, scaling as exp[ − 2 mL ] and exp[ − 3 mL ]. As with the leading term, the coefficient of these is given by the forward Compton amplitude of the pion, meaning that all details of the effective theory drop out of the final result. Thermal effects are additionally considered, and found to be sub-percent-level for typical lattice calculations. All finite-volume corrections are presented both for a μ HVP , LO and for each time slice of the two-point function, with the latter expected to be particularly useful in correcting small to intermediate current separations, for which the series of exponentials exhibits good convergence.