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This work reports a novel approach for the synthesis of FeCo alloy nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in the N,P‐codoped carbon coated nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NPC/FeCo@NCNTs). Specifically, the synthesis of NCNT is achieved by the calcination of graphene oxide‐coated polystyrene spheres with Fe3+, Co2+ and melamine adsorbed, during which graphene oxide is transformed into carbon nanotubes and simultaneously nitrogen is doped into the graphitic structure. The NPC/FeCo@NCNT is demonstrated to be an efficient and durable bifunctional catalyst for oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It only needs an overpotential of 339.5 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 for OER and an onset potential of 0.92 V to drive ORR. Its bifunctional catalytic activities outperform those of the composite catalyst Pt/C + RuO2 and most bifunctional catalysts reported. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations have demonstrated that the interplay between FeCo NPs and NCNT and the presence of N,P‐codoped carbon structure play important roles in increasing the catalytic activities of the NPC/FeCo@NCNT. More impressively, the NPC/FeCo@NCNT can be used as the air‐electrode catalyst, improving the performance of rechargeable liquid and flexible all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries. The FeCo alloy nanoparticles embedded in the N,P‐codoped carbon coated nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NPC/FeCo@NCNT) have been synthesized and demonstrated to be efficient and durable catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. It is usable as the air‐electrode catalysts to improve the performance of rechargeable liquid and flexible all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries.

Purpose Tuberculosis is a high-burden disease and a major health concern in China, especially among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors for diagnostic delay in students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Quzhou City in eastern China. Patients and methods Cases of PTB in students and relevant information in Quzhou from 2011 to 2021 were collected using the TB Management Information System. The outcome of interest was diagnostic delay (i.e. ≥ 28 days between symptom onset and treatment initiation). Risk factors for diagnostic delay were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 629 students in Quzhou were diagnosed with PTB during the study period, of whom 55.5% were male. The median diagnostic delay was 18 days (Inter Quartile Range, [IQR]: 8–38) and 38.0% of the students had a diagnostic delay. Living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio, [AOR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI:] 1.11–2.19), developing PTB symptoms in the first quarter of the year (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40–3.40), and no sputum smear result (AOR: 8.73, 95% CI: 1.68–45.30) were significantly associated with a diagnostic delay. Discovery through health examinations (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17–0.63) was associated with reduced risk of diagnostic delay. Conclusion Schools in rural areas should pay special attention to increasing student awareness of the symptoms of tuberculosis and provide health education on tuberculosis prevention and control to students and staff.

Arthritis seriously affects people's quality of life, and there is an urgent clinical need to improve the efficacy of medications as well as to reduce the adverse effects induced by treatment. Combined colchicine therapy is gradually being embraced in clinical care, but the evidence remains insufficient. English databases were searched from the establishment to September 4, 2024. Eleven eligible Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The quality of the literature was assessed by the risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Relative risk (RR) and Cohen's d (SMD) were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively, at 95% confidence interval (CI), and Stata 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to verify the stability of the analyzed results, and heterogeneity analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity in the studies. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Eleven eligible RCTs were included in this study. Compared with conventional treatment, combined colchicine treatment improved patient's global assessment results (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI [0.01, 2.47], P = 0.05, I2 = 0]), stiffness (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI [-1.43, -0.19], P = 0.01, I2 = 63.91%]) and did not increase adverse effects (RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.31, 1.27], P = 0.36, I2 = 0.00%). However, combined colchicine treatment did not improve visual analog scores (VAS) (SMD = -0.96, 95% CI [-2.85, 0.93], P = 0.13, I2 = 97.99%]), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.27], P = 0.91, I2 = 0]), WOMAC function (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.36, 0.16], P = 0.44, I2 = 0]), Total WOMAC scale (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.22], P = 0.70, I2 = 0]), physician 's global assessment (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI [-2.27, 3.00], P = 0.79, I2 = 97.04%]) and Modified Clinical Health Assessment Questionnaire (ModHAD) (SMD = -1.72, 95% CI [-4.90,1.45], P = 0.29, I2 = 99.11%]). Compared with colchicine alone, combination therapy improves patients' quality of life without increasing the incidence of adverse events.

Although tuberculosis is preventable, whom to prioritize for preventive interventions is debated. As part of a follow-up to a mass tuberculosis screening, we aimed to evaluate tuberculosis incidence among persons with distinct baseline X-ray results. From March to October 2020, we implemented a mass tuberculosis screening intervention among elderly persons in eastern China. Participants were followed for incident tuberculosis until October 2022. Tuberculosis incidence over two years among participants with differing baseline chest X-ray results were assessed. Physical examinations and X-rays were administered to all participants. Among persons suspected of tuberculosis, computed tomography, culture or GeneXpert MTB/RIF was performed. Among 183,808 participants, 27,796 had a baseline abnormal X-ray. The annualized incidence per 100,000 person-years was 1,525 (95% CI, 989-2,243), 278 (202-373), 325 (218-466), and 61 (50–75) among participants with X-rays suggestive of active, stable, uncertain and normal, respectively. Among persons with X-ray findings suggestive of tuberculosis, the increased hazard was 16.7 (95% CI, 11.9–23.4). These results demonstrate the risk of developing tuberculosis among persons with an abnormal chest X-ray was very high. Combining mass screening with preventive interventions based on X-ray findings should be explored as a combination intervention package to reduce tuberculosis in high-risk populations. In this study, authors evaluate mass tuberculosis (TB) screening data from 183,808 elderly individuals in China, finding that abnormal chest X-rays significantly increase TB risk.

Given the adverse impact of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, identifying biomarkers for DVT is crucial for improving MM patient clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of miR-503-5p for DVT in MM, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Serum samples were collected from MM patients with and without DVT to measure miR-503-5p expression levels. ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to examine the predictive potential of miR-503-5p in MM-related DVT. MM serum-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-503-5p in influencing the disease. Cell viability, oxidative stress status, and IL-6, TNF-α, TF, and TM levels were evaluated by CCK-8, antioxidant activity assay, and qRT-PCR. MiR-503-5p was upregulated in MM patients with DVT. The upregulation of miR-503-5p was a risk factor that demonstrated a high predictive value for DVT in MM patients. MiR-503-5p upregulation mediated the promotive effect of MM serum on HUVEC viability reduction, IL-6, TNF-α, and TF expression, and oxidative stress, and the inhibitory effect of MM serum on HUVEC TM expression. Moreover, WNT3A was a potential target of miR-503-5p in MM-related DVT. WNT3A downregulation mediated the effect of miR-503-5p on HUVECs. MiR-503-5p might be a promising biomarker for predicting DVT development in MM patients. MiR-503-5p might promote thrombosis in MM by affecting vein endothelial cells (VECs) through targeting WNT3A.

UV-curable matting composites were prepared by micron silica matting agent, polyether diol (PPG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) via the in situ polymerization method. The structure, surface morphology, and thermal stability of the composites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TGA, respectively. As the main resin in the UV-curable coating, the effects of particle sizes of silica on the gloss, abrasion resistance, adhesion, and hydrophilic properties of coatings were measured. The results show that the agglomeration phenomenon of the modified silica in the composite coating was obviously improved. The smaller the particle size, the lower the gloss of coatings with the same content. The adhesion strength and abrasion resistance of the composites were superior to those of pure UV-curing coatings without silica. The greater the particle sizes of the added modified silica, the stronger the hydrophilicity of the composite.

The progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), classified under AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC), is a multi-step process driven by the dynamic interplay between cell-intrinsic genetic events and extrinsic microenvironmental remodeling. In this review, we discuss how these changes foster clonal selection and leukemic transformation. Emerging insights from single-cell technologies are highlighted, revealing the dynamic heterogeneity of MDS stem cells and their niche. Finally, we discussed the clinical implications of these mechanisms, including their impact on risk stratification, therapy failure (particularly after hypomethylating agents), and the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at intercepting progression. Integrating molecular findings with clinical translation is essential for improving outcomes in this high-risk disease continuum.

HighlightsHigh-quality large-area perovskite films are prepared using a solid–liquid two-step film formation method combined with CsBr modification for the buried interface and Urea additive for perovskite crystallization.The inverted perovskite solar modules’ performance is enhanced to 20.56% in 61.56 cm2 with improved stability.A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells. The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs. In this work, we adopted a solid–liquid two-step film formation technique, which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films. This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods, which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform, large-area perovskite film. Furthermore, modification of the NiOx/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization. As a result, a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains, fewer pinholes, and reduced defects could be achieved. The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm2 (10 × 10 cm2 substrate) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56% and significantly improved stability. This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

The most prevalent kind of acute leukemia in adults is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While some individuals have had better effectiveness due to advancements in targeted medications, recurrence after remission and inadequate treatment specificity continue to be significant therapeutic problems. By controlling essential metabolic pathways and metabolites, metabolic reprogramming, a crucial strategy for cellular adaptability to energy needs, modifies cellular metabolic rhythms. In addition to being involved in immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and effector function, this pathway is also essential for leukemogenesis and survival signaling in AML. By altering the expression of immune molecules, the release of certain metabolites (such as lactate, ROS, glutamine, etc.) has a significant impact on the immune response to tumors. It is noteworthy that the metabolic interactions between immune cells and AML cells form a distinct pattern of energy competition in the tumor microenvironment. This study examined the new approach of targeting metabolic pathways to improve immunotherapy, systematically clarified the regulatory mechanism of metabolic reprogramming between AML cells and immune cells to counteract tumor immunity, and concentrated on the synergistic effect of current therapies and metabolic interventions. These findings offered a fresh perspective on how to fully realize the potential of metabolic therapy for AML.

The influencing factors of the process from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to the onset of active tuberculosis (TB) remain unknown among different population groups, especially among older individuals in high-incidence areas. This study aimed to investigate the development of active TB among older adults with LTBI and identify groups in greatest need of improved prevention and control strategies for TB. In 2021, we implemented an investigation among older individuals (≥ 65 years old) in two towns in Zhejiang Province with the highest incidence of TB. All participants underwent assessment using standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, interferon-gamma release assays, and chest radiography. All the participants with suspected TB based on the clinical symptoms or abnormal chest radiography results, as well as those with LTBI, were referred for diagnostic investigation in accordance with the national guidelines. Those with an initial diagnosis of TB were then excluded, whereas those with LTBI were included in a follow-up at baseline. Incident patients with active TB were identified from the Chinese Tuberculosis Management Information System, and a multivariate Cox regression model was used to estimate the incidence and risk of TB among those with LTBI. In total, 667 participants with LTBI were followed up for 1,315.3 person-years, revealing a disease density of 1,292.5 individuals/100,000 person-years (17/1,315.3). For those with LTBI, chest radiograph abnormalities had adjusted hazard ratios for active TB of 4.9 (1.6-15.3). The presence of abnormal chest radiography findings increased the risk of active TB among older individuals with LTBI in high-epidemic sites in eastern China.