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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) as one of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has been widely used in various manufacturing industries to fabricate products with complex structures; however, the application of FDM in energetic materials (EMs) was still less common. In this work, the effect of HMX solid content and particle size on the viscosity of molten TNT/HMX explosives were investigated. Then, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) were used to simulate the influence of viscosity, pressure, temperature, nozzle diameter, and particles on the fluid flow inside the 3D printer nozzle. In addition, an FDM 3D printer was used to prepare TNT/HMX-based explosives, and various characterization methods were applied to explore the structure and morphology of printed samples. This work provided guidelines for FDM technology to fabricate EMs and proved that FDM was more suitable than the conventional melt-casting method to prepare explosives with high viscosity and special-shaped structures.

The intelligent extraction of highway assets is pivotal for advancing transportation infrastructure and autonomous systems, yet traditional methods relying on manual inspection or 2D imaging struggle with sparse, occluded environments, and class imbalance. This study proposes an enhanced MinkUNet-based framework to address data scarcity, occlusion, and imbalance in highway point cloud segmentation. A large-scale dataset (PEA-PC Dataset) was constructed, covering six key asset categories, addressing the lack of specialized highway datasets. A hybrid conical masking augmentation strategy was designed to simulate natural occlusions and enhance local feature retention, while semi-supervised learning prioritized foreground differentiation. The experimental results showed that the overall mIoU reached 73.8%, with the IoU of bridge railings and emergency obstacles exceeding 95%. The IoU of columnar assets increased from 2.6% to 29.4% through occlusion perception enhancement, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in improving object recognition accuracy. The framework balances computational efficiency and robustness, offering a scalable solution for sparse highway scenes. However, challenges remain in segmenting vegetation-occluded pole-like assets due to partial data loss. This work highlights the efficacy of tailored augmentation and semi-supervised strategies in refining 3D segmentation, advancing applications in intelligent transportation and digital infrastructure.

The traffic environment at the exit of the urban expressway is complex, and vehicle lane-changing behavior occurs frequently, making it prone to traffic conflict and congestion. To study the traffic conditions at the exit of the urban expressway and improve the road operation capacity, this paper analyzes the characteristics of lane-changing behaviors at the exit, adds driving style into the influencing factors of lane-changing, and recognizes one’s lane-changing intention based on driving data. A UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) is used to collect the natural driving track data of the urban expressway diverge area, the track segments of vehicle lane-changing that meet the standards are extracted, and 374 lane-changing segments are obtained. K-means++ is used to cluster the driving style of the lane-changing segments which is grouped into three clusters, corresponding to “ordinary”, “radical”, and “conservative”. Through the random forest model used to identify and predict driving style, the accuracy reaches 93%. Considering the characteristics of a single time point and the characteristics of the historical time window, XGBoost, LightGBM, and the Stacking fusion model are established to recognize one’s lane-changing intention. The results show that the models can well recognize the lane-changing intention of drivers. The Stacking fusion model has the highest accuracy, while the LightGBM model takes less time; the model considering the characteristics of the historical time window performs better than the other one, which can better improve the prediction accuracy of lane-changing behavior.

The objective of this study was to establish the chromatographic fingerprints of the essential oil (EO) from Stellera chamaejasme flowers collected from various natural sites by gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometric methods. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). Most components were identified as ketones and the relatively high-content components were fitone (38.973%), n-hentriacontane (5.807%), myristic acid (4.944%) and phytol (3.988%). In addition, the repellent activities of the EO from S. chamaejasme flowers and its four main chemical compounds were evaluated against three stored product pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Liposcelis bostrychophila) for the first time. In this work, the EO and the four chemical compounds showed a repellent effect against three storage pests after 2 and 4 h exposure. The experimental method and repellent activity of S. chamaejasme flower EO could provide a basis for the development of botanical pesticide and the utilization of the rich plant resources of S. chamaejasme in the future.

Using the pseudopotential plane-wave method, we investigate the elastic constants and thermodynamic properties of the rocksalt structure Titanium Carbide （TiC）. The obtained lattice parameters, bulk modulus and elastic constants are in very good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The thermodynamic properties of the cubic TiC are predicted by using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The normalized volume V/V 0 , bulk modulus B, thermal expansion , heat capacity C V , Grüneisen parameter and Debye temperature dependence on the pressure and temperature are obtained successfully. At low temperature and low pressure, thermal expansion coefficient increases rapidly with temperature. At high temperature and high pressure, the increasing trend becomes tender. At low temperatures, C V is proportional to T 3 , and C V tends to the Dulong-Petit limit at higher temperatures.

A nafion film containing cerium phosphate nanotubes was pasted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain a sensor for hydroquinone (HQ). The morphologies and components of the coating were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed the specific surface of the electrode to be significantly increased and the electron transfer rate to be accelerated. The modified GCE was applied to the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) via DPV. The oxidation current increases linearly in the 0.23 μM to 16 mM HQ concentration range which is as wide as five orders of magnitude. The limit of detection is 0.12 μM (based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), and the sensitivity is 1.41 μA·μM −1  cm −2 . The method was further applied to the simultaneous determination of HQ, catechol and resorcinol. The potentials for the three species are well separated (20, 134, and 572 mV vs SCE). Average recoveries from (spiked) real water samples are between 95.2 and 107.0%, with relative standard deviations of 0.9~2.7% (for n  = 3) at three spiking levels. The method was validated by independent assays using HPLC. Graphical abstract ᅟ

The present study reports the case of a superficial limbal dermoid surgically treated without suture by using a new technique of lamellar keratoplasty with allogenic lenticule from small incision lenticule extraction. The limbal lesion area was circumscribed by a trephine marker and lamellae were peeled off the anterior corneal stroma and sclera. After excision of the dermoid, the liquid on the bed was dried as much as possible and an appropriate stromal lenticule was attached to the implant bed without fibrin glue or suture. A bandage contact lens was applied to fix the graft. During postoperative follow-ups, the anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal refractive power, corneal topography and best-corrected visual acuity were examined to evaluate the surgical results. On the first day after the operation, the patient reported tearing and pain at the site. At one week after the operation, the patient reported no discomfort and conjunctival sutures were removed. At one month after the operation, the thickness of the lesion area was similar to that of the adjacent cornea, and the corneal curvature and refractive power of the lesion area were higher than that of the adjacent cornea. At three months after the operation, the patient was satisfied with the cosmetic outcome and no sign of corneal neovascularization, graft rejection or pseudo-pterygium formation was observed. The astigmatic error remained at 2.50 D. The present case provides insights into a potential treatment option for patients who need lamellar keratoplasty and may provide its benefit in contrast to conventional lamellar keratoplasty.

In view of the extremely developed bedding of shale formations, which are dominated by micro-nano pores and fractures, traditional sealing agents make it difficult to produce a tight seal on shale formations due to their huge particle sizes. Combining the bridging effect of inorganic nanoparticles and the deformation properties of organic particles, this article synthesized a core-shell structure nano-blocking agent through emulsion polymerization, which was called P(MMA-St-BD)/KH570-SiO 2 . The structure of the synthesized nano-plugging agent was characterized utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Performance characterization was carried out through the effect of nano-blocking agents on emulsion stability, rheological properties, microporous filter membrane plugging experiments, and core pressure-bearing capacity tests. The findings demonstrate that P(MMA-St-BD)/KH570-SiO 2 ’s structure satisfies design specifications, and that the nano-plugging agent has outstanding thermal stability, homogeneous particle size distribution, and good dispersion. Its decomposition temperature also exceeds 400 °C. This study analyzed the plugging efficiency of nano-blocking agents from the temperature perspective, indicating that the nano-blocking agents seal shale formations tightly. Ultimately, through mechanism analysis, nanomaterials can squeeze and deform through the polymer shell and enter the shale micropores and micro-cracks for sealing, forming a high-strength sealing zone.

Background: Vicia amoena Fisch. var. Angusta. Freyn, also known as tuogucao, is a traditional medicinal plant in China. Early researches of V. amoena Fisch. var. Angusta. Freyn were focused on biosystematical studies, and only a few were concerned with chemical constitutes and bioactivities. Objectives: We aimed to isolate chemical constitutes in aerial parts of V. amoena Fisch. var. Angusta. Freyn and study the immunomodulatory activity of these chemical components via immune cells. Materials and Methods: Polysaccharide was obtained via hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation at different concentrations. Individual compounds were obtained after several chromatographic techniques, and the structures of all individual compounds were characterized by physical-chemical process, 1H, 13CNMR, UV techniques and by comparing their NMR data with those discovered in the literature. In vitro immunological activity of tested samples was evaluated using MTT assay, NO assay, scratch assay, phagocytosis assay and proliferation assay of spleen lymphocytes in mice. Results: The four polysaccharide sites including 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% were obtained. Eight pure chemical constitutes were isolated and identified as: isoquercitrin, quercetin, quercitrin, hyperin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, kaempferitrin and wogonin. Four polysaccharide sites and individual compounds displayed different levels in improving proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and lymphocytes. Conclusion: Compounds were isolated from the herb that possessed immunomodulatory function, and it is likely that the extract from the herb via the TLR-4-mediated signalling pathway to achieve immunomodulatory effects provided a scientific rationale of the traditional uses of the herb.

Tribolium castaneum is a significant pest in grain storage, causing considerable economic impact globally. Plant-derived insecticides are being employed as alternatives to chemical insecticides and have shown strong insecticidal activity against T. castaneum . However, the mechanism underlying the insecticidal effects of plant-derived insecticides on T. castaneum remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the repellent, fumigation, and contact activities of R . anthopogonoides essential oil (EO) and its four main chemical components against T. castaneum . The results demonstrated that both the EO and its main chemical component, benzylacetone, exhibited potent insecticidal activity against T. castaneum . Benzylacetone may be the primary active component of R . anthopogonoides EO against T. castaneum . Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing of T. castaneum treated with Benzylacetone, along with negative controls, revealed 1616 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 758 up-regulated and 858 down-regulated genes. GO analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in “cellular process,” “metabolic process,” “cell,” “cell part,” “catalytic activity,” “binding,” and other categories. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the 417 DEGs were distributed across 217 different pathways, with several pathways related to xenobiotic or drug metabolism significantly enriched. This suggests that Benzylacetone likely disrupts metabolic and detoxication processes. Additionally, qRT-PCR validation of the Tc OBP-4E and Tc CYP450-6BK11 genes exhibited consistent results with the transcriptome data. Homology modeling and molecular docking results indicated the presence of a binding cavity formed by numerous hydrophobic amino acid residues in Tc OBPs, with possible hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction forces between the protein and ligand. These findings suggest that OBP and CYP450 play crucial roles in the resistance to foreign substances and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the insecticidal mechanisms of plant-derived insecticides at the molecular level.