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"Harper, A"
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Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic
In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (
N
= 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises.
Journal Article
Foundations of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development
This well-written book is the first to deal with entrepreneurship in all its aspects. It considers the economic, psychological, political, legal and cultural dimensions of entrepreneurship from a market-process perspective. David A Harper has produced a volume that analyses why some people are quicker than others in discovering profit opportunities. Importantly, the book also covers the issue of how cultural value systems orient entrepreneurial vision and, in contrast to conventional wisdom, the book argues that individualist cultural values are not categorically superior to group oriented values in terms of their consequences for entrepreneurial discovery.
1. Introduction 2. The Theory of Entrepreneurial Discovery 3. Psychological Determinants of Entrepreneurial Alertness 4. Institutions I: Rule of Law, Property and Contract 5. Institutions II: Money, Political and Legal Decentralisation and Freedom 6. Cultures and Alertness 7. The Market-Process Approach to Public Policy 8. Empirical Testing and Conceptual Development 9. Concluding Remarks
David A. Harper is Associate Professor in the Department of Economics, New York University, USA
eBook
MAKING SECTION 1983 MALICIOUS-PROSECUTION SUITS WORK
The Supreme Court can't seem to get over Section 1983 malicious prosecution. Thirty years and three significant cases into its project, however, the lower courts look about the same as they did in the early 1990s. The problem is not lack of effort, but lack of proper focus. The Court first endeavored to identify the proper constitutional source of a malicious-prosecution right, all the while failing to consider the more practical problems that make Section 1983 malicious-prosecution claims nearly impossible to win.
The Court seemed to reverse its course in Thompson v. Clark, eschewing big constitutional questions in favor of a narrow, practical one. This Note applauds that turn in spirit. But it seems that the Court overcorrected by choosing too small of a question. This Note contributes the first postmortem of Thompson and finds that a year later, the lower courts look like nothing ever happened: almost every Section 1983 malicious-prosecution case since has been dismissed for reasons unrelated to Thompson's favorable-termination rule.
What if instead of asking questions too big to be practically impactful, or too small to do much work on their own, we found the questions that are \"just right\"? This Note identifies these questions by analyzing remaining splits in the lower courts and where those splits overlap with the issues killing otherwise meritorious Section 1983 malicious-prosecution claims. By asking and answering the right questions, this Note constructs a version of Section 1983 malicious prosecution that could work in real life.
Journal Article
O sol é para todos
\"Um livro emblematico sobre racismo e injustica: a historia de um advogado que defende um homem negro acusado de estuprar uma mulher branca nos Estados Unidos dos anos 1930 e enfrenta represalias da comunidade racista. O livro e narrado pela sensivel Scout, filha do advogado. Uma historia atemporal sobre tolerancia, perda da inocencia e conceito de justica.\"
Human miRNA miR-675 inhibits DUX4 expression and may be exploited as a potential treatment for Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a potentially devastating myopathy caused by de-repression of the
DUX4
gene in skeletal muscles. Effective therapies will likely involve
DUX4
inhibition. RNA interference (RNAi) is one powerful approach to inhibit
DUX4
, and we previously described a RNAi gene therapy to achieve
DUX4
silencing in FSHD cells and mice using engineered microRNAs. Here we report a strategy to direct RNAi against
DUX4
using the natural microRNA
miR-675
, which is derived from the lncRNA
H19
. Human
miR-675
inhibits
DUX4
expression and associated outcomes in FSHD cell models. In addition,
miR-675
delivery using gene therapy protects muscles from DUX4-associated death in mice. Finally, we show that three known
miR-675
-upregulating small molecules inhibit
DUX4
and DUX4-activated FSHD biomarkers in FSHD patient-derived myotubes. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the use of small molecules to suppress a dominant disease gene using an RNAi mechanism.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a myopathy caused by aberrant de-repression of the DUX4 gene. Here, the authors show that miR-675 inhibits DUX4 expression and protects muscles from DUX4-mediated cell death when administered to mice using AAV, and that upregulation of miR-675 via small molecules inhibits DUX4 and DUX4-associated biomarkers in myotubes derived from patients.
Journal Article
Keeping at it : the quest for sound money and good government
\"As chairman of the Federal Reserve (1979-1987), Paul Volcker slayed the inflation dragon that was consuming the American economy and restored the world's faith in central bankers. That extraordinary feat was just one pivotal episode in a decades-long career serving six presidents. His insight into world-changing events such as the end of the Bretton Woods system, the closing of the 'gold window,' and the financial crisis of 2008 provide enduring lessons about the critical importance of open, disciplined, and efficient government. Told with wit, humor, and down-to-earth erudition, the narrative of Volcker's career illuminates the changes that have taken place in American life, government, and the economy since World War II. He vibrantly illustrates the crises he managed alongside the world's leading politicians, central bankers, and financiers. Yet he first found his model for competent and ethical governance in his father, the town manager of Teaneck, NJ, who instilled Volcker's dedication to absolute integrity and his \"three verities\" of stable prices, sound finance, and good government.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Causes of the Cambrian Explosion
The rapid diversification of animal species in the early Cambrian was the result of a range of interacting biotic and abiotic processes. Many hypotheses have been invoked to explain the rapid diversification of animal species in the early Cambrian (541 million to 515 million years ago), ranging from starbursts in the Milky Way to intrinsic genomic reorganization and developmental patterning. Recent hypotheses for the Cambrian explosion fall into three main categories: developmental/genetic, ecologic, and abiotic/environmental, with geochemical hypotheses forming an abundant and distinctive subset of the last ( 1 ). Most of these hypotheses have been posited as stand-alone processes that were the main cause of the explosion, yet many of them are tightly interlinked and codependent. The rapid diversification of animals in the early Cambrian is likely to have been the result of a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic processes (see the first figure).
Journal Article