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"Harper, Krista"
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Participatory visual and digital methods
\"Gubrium and Harper describe how visual and digital methodologies can contribute to a participatory, public-engaged ethnography. These methods can change the traditional relationship between academic researchers and the community, building one that is more accessible, inclusive, and visually appealing, and one that encourages community members to reflect and engage in issues in their own communities. The authors describe how to use photovoice, film and video, digital storytelling, GIS, digital archives and exhibits in participatory contexts, and include numerous case studies demonstrating their utility around the world\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Visual Interventions and the \Crises in Representation\ in Environmental Anthropology: Researching Environmental Justice in a Hungarian Romani Neighborhood
Participatory visual research, or \"visual interventions\" (Pink 2007), allow environmental anthropologists to respond to three different \"crises of representation\": (1) the critique of ethnographic representation presented by postmodern, postcolonial, and feminist anthropologists; (2) the constructivist critique of nature and the environment; and (3) the \"environmental justice\" critique demanding representation for the environmental concerns of communities of color. Participatory visual research integrates community members in the process of staking out a research agenda, conducting fieldwork and interpreting data, and communicating and applying research findings. Our project used the Photovoice methodology to generate knowledge and documentation related to environment injustices faced by Roma in Hungary. I discuss the promise and limitations of \"visual interventions\" as a pathway leading applied environmental anthropologists beyond the three \"crises in representation.\"
Journal Article
Food values in Europe
\"What can a focus on approaches to food practices in Europe tell us about the communities and cultures that exist there? Krista Harper and Valeria Siniscalchi show how food becomes a marker of identity and resistance to social exclusion, and food values become tools for transforming power dynamics, in a range of European countries. Through the comparison of local food, food justice and other food-centred movements across Europe, the book explains how these forms of mobilization express ideologies as well as economic and political objectives. The chapters use ethnographic detail to focus on the differences between \"new\" and \"old\" values carried by individuals and groups in relation to food in Portugal, Greece, Latvia, Moldova, Denmark, the UK, Italy and France. Contributors analyze food values, as expressed in daily life and livelihoods, through specific practices of production, exchange and consumption. Topics covered include Prague's urban agricultural scene, the perception of poverty in Moldova, and organic food cooperatives in Catalonia\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Cultivating Civic Ecology: A Photovoice Study with Urban Gardeners in Lisbon, Portugal
Urban gardens are a form of self-provisioning, leisure and activist practice that is cropping up in cities around the world (Mougeot 2010). We present the history and contemporary terrain of Lisbon's urban gardens and discuss the cultural values that gardeners attach to the practice of growing food in interstitial urban spaces. We present initial findings from our research with an urban gardeners' association as it attempts to transform informal or clandestine garden spaces into an 'urban agricultural park'. This coalition of gardeners from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is reclaiming land and using a participatory design process to create a shared space. They hope to grow vegetables and to re-grow 'community' by forging shared experiences in the neighbourhood. We describe how we used Photovoice as a process for exploring residents' motivations in planting informal and community gardens on public land. What visions of sustainability and the contemporary city emerge from the practice of urban gardening? What kinds of urban gardening practices produce 'communities of practice' that cross ethnic, socioeconomic, and generational lines? The Photovoice approach allowed us to examine how gardeners conceptualise their use of urban space as they build new civic identities around gardening and make political claims to gain access and control over vacant land.
Journal Article
\Wild Capitalism\ and \Ecocolonialism\: A Tale of Two Rivers
The development and pollution of two rivers, the Danube and Tisza, have been the site and subject of environmental protests and projects in Hungary since the late 1980s. Protests against the damming of the Danube rallied opposition to the state socialist government, drawing on discourses of national sovereignty and international environmentalism. The Tisza suffered a major environmental disaster in 2000, when a globally financed gold mine in Romania spilled thousands of tons of cyanide and other heavy metals into the river, sending a plume of pollution downriver into neighboring countries. In this article, I examine the symbolic ecologies that emerged in the two moments of environmental protest, as well as Hungarian activists' reflections on the changing political ecology of the region in their discourses of \"ecocolonialism\" (ökógyarmatositás) and \"wild capitalism\" (vadkapitaliszmus).
Journal Article
Cultivating Civic Ecology
Urban gardens are a form of self-provisioning, leisure and activist practice that is cropping up in cities around the world (Mougeot 2010). We present the history and contemporary terrain of Lisbon’s urban gardens and discuss the cultural values that gardeners attach to the practice of growing food in interstitial urban spaces. We present initial findings from our research with an urban gardeners’ association as it attempts to transform informal or clandestine garden spaces into an ‘urban agricultural park’. This coalition of gardeners from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is reclaiming land and using a participatory design process to create a shared space. They hope to grow vegetables and to re-grow ‘community’ by forging shared experiences in the neighbourhood. We describe how we used Photovoice as a process for exploring residents’ motivations in planting informal and community gardens on public land. What visions of sustainability and the contemporary city emerge from the practice of urban gardening? What kinds of urban gardening practices produce ‘communities of practice’ that cross ethnic, socioeconomic, and generational lines? The Photovoice approach allowed us to examine how gardeners conceptualise their use of urban space as they build new civic identities around gardening and make political claims to gain access and control over vacant land.
Journal Article
Introduction: The Environment as Master Narrative: Discourse and Identity in Environmental Problems
Anthropologists working in remote communities around the world have observed local groups deploying terms from the international environmentalist lexicon, such as biodiversity and sustainable development, to defend indigenous claims to land, intellectual property rights, and political representation (Brosius 1997; Zerner 1995; Escobar 1996). Drawing from sociologist Ulrich Beck's concept of \"anthropological shock,\" the author analyzes how environmentalists connect private crises in daily life provoked by environmental risks with the development of a public identity as activists participating in a global environmental movement. In the process of seeking private partners and federal resources, local environmental groups are drawn into discourse of \"ecological modernization,\" a neo-liberal environmentalism that is friendly to capitalist development. According to Milton, environmentalism has been a particularly potent globalizing discourse because the \"particular understanding of the planet as `one place' has fuelled the development of environmentalist discourse as a global phenomenon\" (p. 171).
Journal Article
Chernobyl Stories and Anthropological Shock in Hungary
The Budapest Chernobyl Day commemoration generated a creative outpouring of stories about parental responsibilities, scientific knowledge, environmental risks, and public participation. I examine the stories and performances elicited by the tenth anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in April 1996. In these \"Chernobyl stories\" activists criticized scientific and state paternalism while engaging in alternative practices of citizenship. The decade between the catastrophic explosion and its commemoration coincides with the development of the Hungarian environmental movement and the transformation from state socialism. Chernobyl Day 1996 consequently became an opportunity for activists to reflect upon how the meaning of citizenship and public participation had changed in those years as well. First, the Chernobyl explosion drew into question the authority of scientific expertise and Cold War notions of technological progress, provoking the \"politicization of knowing\" for many activists. Second, personal memories of the 1986 disaster reflect how Chernobyl presented everyday life dilemmas that caused many parents and professionals to see themselves as citizens and environmentalists, a process I term the \"politicization of caring.\" I analyze the political implications of framing the environment as lifeworld, drawing from sociologist Ulrich Beck's concept of \"anthropological shock.\"
Journal Article
Teaching Ethnographic Methods: The State of the Art
Ethnography is a core methodology in anthropology and other disciplines. Yet, there is currently no scholarly consensus on how to teach ethnographic methods-or even what methods belong in the ethnographic toolkit. We report on a systematic analysis of syllabi to gauge how ethnographic methods are taught in the United States. We analyze 107 methods syllabi from a nationally elicited sample of university faculty who teach ethnography. Systematic coding shows that ethics, research design, participant observation, interviewing, and analysis are central to ethnographic instruction. But many key components of ethical, quality ethnographic practice (like preparing an IRB application, reflexivity, positionality, taking field notes, accurate transcription, theme identification, and coding) are only taught rarely. We suggest that, without inclusion of such elements in its basic training, the fields that prioritize this methodology are at risk of inadvertently perpetuating uneven, erratic, and extractive fieldwork practices.
Journal Article