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Global demand for elephant ivory is contributing to illegal poaching and significant decline of African elephant (Loxondonta africana) populations. To help mitigate decline, countries with legal domestic ivory markets were recommended by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora to close domestic markets for commercial trade. However, implementing stricter regulations on wildlife trade does not necessarily mean compliance with rules will follow. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the relationship between self-reported compliance with ivory trade regulations among 115 ivory traders in the United Kingdom and 4 dimensions (control, deterrence, legitimacy, and social norms) hypothesized to -influence compliance with conservation regulations. Although most traders supported regulations, a large number did not always check that they comply with them when trading objects containing ivory. The main factors influencing compliance with ivory trade regulations were traders’ ability to comply and their perceptions of the regulations and punishments to deter illegal trade. These findings demonstrate the utility of conservation criminology to improve wildlife trade regulations and identify opportunities to reduce illegal ivory entering the market in the United Kingdom. Compliance could be improved by clearer regulations that facilitate easier detection of illegal ivory products and stronger prosecution of violations. La demanda mundial por el marfil de elefante está contribuyendo a la caza ilegal y a la declinación significativa de la población del elefante africano (Loxondonta africana). Para ayudar a mitigar la declinación, la Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres recomendó a los países que tienen mercados domésticos legales de marfil que cierren estos mercados al intercambio comercial. Sin embargo, la implementación de regulaciones más estrictas sobre el mercado de fauna no significa necesariamente que después existirá un cumplimiento de las reglas establecidas. Examinamos con un cuestionario en línea la relación entre el cumplimiento auto-reportado y las regulaciones del mercado de marfil de 115 comerciantes de marfil en el Reino Unido y cuatro dimensiones (control, disuasión, legitimidad y normas sociales) que creemos influyen sobre el cumplimiento de las regulaciones de conservación. Aunque la mayoría de los comerciantes respaldó las regulaciones, un gran número no marcó en la encuesta si cumplían con ellas cuando comercializaban con marfil. Los factores principales que influyen sobre el cumplimiento de las regulaciones del mercado de marfil son la aptitud del comerciante para cumplir y las percepciones que tiene de las regulaciones y los castigos para disuadir el comercio ilegal. Estos resultados demuestran la utilidad de la criminología de la conservación para mejorar las regulaciones del comercio de fauna e identificar las oportunidades para reducir la entrada de marfil ilegal al mercado del Reino Unido. El cumplimiento de las regulaciones podría incrementarse por medio de regulaciones más claras que faciliten la detección de productos ilegales de marfil y seguimiento más fuerte de las violaciones. 全球范围内对象牙的需求导致了对非洲 (Loxondonta africana) 的• 法偷猎及其种群数量的显著下 为减缓这ー遒势《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公 (CITES) 》建议允许在国内合法交易象牙的国家关闭国内 的象牙商业贸易市场。然而，对野生动植物贸易执行了更严格的法规也并不一定意味着法规会得到遵守。我们 通过在线问卷调查，分析了英国一百一十五名象牙贸易商自我报告的对象牙贸易法规的遵守情况与被认为会影 响对保护法规遵守情况的四个维度（& 制、威優、合法性和社会规范）之间的关系。研究发现，虽然大多数贸易 商都声称支持这些法规，但许多人在交易含有象牙的商品时，并不总是检查自己是否遵守了这些法规。影响象牙 贸易法规遵守情况的主要因素是贸易商遵守法规的能力，以及他们对防止非法贸易的法规和惩罚措施的认识程 度。我们的研究結果表明，保护犯罪学的应用有助于改进野生动植物贸易法規、找到减少非法象牙制品进人英 国市场的机会。制定更明确的法規有助于更好地发现非法象牙制品、更有效地起诉违规行为，从而捉进对法規 的遵守。

How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading this Issue contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. Instructions: 1.2 contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at https://villanova.gosignmeup.com . In order to obtain contact hours you must: 1. Read the article, “Use, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice Among Nursing Staff,” found on pages 246–254, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz. 2. Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study. 3. Go to the Villanova website to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name, contact information, and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated. This activity is valid for continuing education credit until This activity is valid for continuing education credit until May 31, 2015. Contact Hours This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated. Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. Objective Upon completion of this article, the learner will be able to describe the results of a cross-sectional descriptive research study designed to identify use, knowledge, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice among nurses in a large academic hospital. Disclosure Statement Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose. Background: Little information is known about the use, knowledge, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses in a large academic hospital. This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and use of EBP by nurses at a large academic, MagnetLittle information is known about the use, knowledge, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses in a large academic hospital. This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and use of EBP by nurses at a large academic, Magnet ® -designated medical center. Methods: Data were collected from 593 nurses who completed the Clinical Effectiveness and Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire between November 2011 and March 2012. Statistical analyses included correlations and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Most nurses (96%) reported that they were aware that an EBP and Research Council existed. The average scores were highest on the Attitudes subscale, followed by the Knowledge/Skills and Practice subscales. Conclusion: Continuing education for nurses makes a difference in nurses’ attitudes, knowledge, and use of EBP in practice. Participation in EBP and research educational activities or Council meetings may affect EBP culture in a large academic medical center. 2013;44(6):246–254. J Contin Educ Nurs 2013;44(6):246–254.

Benzodiazepine-refractory, or established, status epilepticus is thought to be of similar pathophysiology in children and adults, but differences in underlying aetiology and pharmacodynamics might differentially affect response to therapy. In the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT) we compared the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate in established status epilepticus, and here we describe our results after extending enrolment in children to compare outcomes in three age groups. In this multicentre, double-blind, response-adaptive, randomised controlled trial, we recruited patients from 58 hospital emergency departments across the USA. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were aged 2 years or older, had been treated for a generalised convulsive seizure of longer than 5 min duration with adequate doses of benzodiazepines, and continued to have persistent or recurrent convulsions in the emergency department for at least 5 min and no more than 30 min after the last dose of benzodiazepine. Patients were randomly assigned in a response-adaptive manner, using Bayesian methods and stratified by age group (<18 years, 18–65 years, and >65 years), to levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, or valproate. All patients, investigators, study staff, and pharmacists were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was absence of clinically apparent seizures with improved consciousness and without additional antiseizure medication at 1 h from start of drug infusion. The primary safety outcome was life-threatening hypotension or cardiac arrhythmia. The efficacy and safety outcomes were analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01960075. Between Nov 3, 2015, and Dec 29, 2018, we enrolled 478 patients and 462 unique patients were included: 225 children (aged <18 years), 186 adults (18–65 years), and 51 older adults (>65 years). 175 (38%) patients were randomly assigned to levetiracetam, 142 (31%) to fosphenyltoin, and 145 (31%) were to valproate. Baseline characteristics were balanced across treatments within age groups. The primary efficacy outcome was met in those treated with levetiracetam for 52% (95% credible interval 41–62) of children, 44% (33–55) of adults, and 37% (19–59) of older adults; with fosphenytoin in 49% (38–61) of children, 46% (34–59) of adults, and 35% (17–59) of older adults; and with valproate in 52% (41–63) of children, 46% (34–58) of adults, and 47% (25–70) of older adults. No differences were detected in efficacy or primary safety outcome by drug within each age group. With the exception of endotracheal intubation in children, secondary safety outcomes did not significantly differ by drug within each age group. Children, adults, and older adults with established status epilepticus respond similarly to levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate, with treatment success in approximately half of patients. Any of the three drugs can be considered as a potential first-choice, second-line drug for benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.

Surely it is being responsible to wait to have a child until you are in a stable relationship and have the financial means to support a family, rather than being a single mother or going on benefit, or both?

The deep seabed and its resources remain tantalizing mysteries, not only in science fiction, but increasingly in scientific and technological inquiry. Recent interest in deep seabed mining in the seabed beyond national jurisdiction (the Area) in the Pacific Ocean has fluctuated since John Mero asserted the vast potential economic value of polymetallic nodules (Mero 1962), which some actors now view as a sustainable and ethical alternative to terrestrial mining. This dissertation argues that deep seabed mining has also continued to struggle to become a commercial industry in part because it is vulnerable to several different types of precarities: including the production of scientific and embodied knowledge about how to conduct offshore deep seabed mining fieldwork, the properties and topography of seabed, the resource, and related marine ecosystems; the attrition of deep seabed mining-experienced sub-contractors into other offshore regimes; the struggle to attract potential investors; the ongoing evolution of the regulatory bodies charged to administer the seabed and mineral resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction; the difficulty obtaining the social license to commence deep seabed mining; and long-term efficacy of capacity building training programs meant to provide individuals, especially those from developing countries, with jobs in an industry that has yet to fully form. This dissertation both builds upon existing literature defining precarity as the conditions by which harm is externalized upon communities such that they are disproportionately and systematically disenfranchised or exposed to violence and extends precarity to examine the myriad ways that stakeholders contend with and contest this proposed regime’s vulnerabilities to capital, personnel, and knowledge conditions. In doing so, this dissertation describes some of the ways that the production of unstable labor regimes is entangled with the wobbliness of corporate extraction regimes and ‘green’ investment on marine resource frontiers. This dissertation employs ‘nodal’ ethnography to follow deep seabed mining proponents and opponents from the floor of The International Seabed Authority's Assembly Room to the offshore labs of science teams producing data and technologies that make visible and possible different deep seabed mining futures.

The World Health Organization established, on World Health Day, April 7, 2025, a year-long campaign to put the health of mothers and babies front and center. The theme is Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures. Global nurse leaders are leading the way in developing new and innovative ways to support women and families physically and emotionally before, during, and after birth. Critical investment is needed to address the many health issues that impact maternal and newborn health, implement effective strategies, and build impetus for further change.

This thesis explores the GDR's propangandistic rebranding campaign of Centrum Warenhaus on Alexanderplatz. Such a campaign was exhibited in the remodeling of the Alexanderplatz between 1964 and 1970. The GDR's state department store Centrum Warenhaus on Alexanderplatz offered an alternative to capitalism best described as socialist consumerism. This system emanated state-driven policies like solidarity and brotherhood alongside East Germany's consumerist desires. Yet, this alternative did not last because it offered a figurative window to the west. Ironically, western products were rarely sold at Centrum Warenhaus and were only available for purchase at Intershops. These small-scaled stores created the societal divisions inherent in market capitalism. Access relied upon connection and western currency acquisition. As these two systems tried to exist simultaneously in East Berlin, the allure of the west overpowered each of them. The system of socialist consumerism in East Germany could no longer support itself. Its failure lay not in the creation of a capitalist alternative, but in its inability to provide such material sustenance to all of its citizens.