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The Cambridge companion to science and religion
\"In recent years, the relations between science and religion have been the object of renewed attention. Developments in physics, biology and the neurosciences have reinvigorated discussions about the nature of life and ultimate reality. At the same time, the growth of anti-evolutionary and intelligent design movements has led many to the view that science and religion are necessarily in conflict. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the relations between science and religion, with contributions from historians, philosophers, scientists and theologians. It explores the impact of religion on the origins and development of science, religious reactions to Darwinism, and the link between science and secularization. It also offers in-depth discussions of contemporary issues, with perspectives from cosmology, evolutionary biology, psychology, and bioethics. The volume is rounded out with philosophical reflections on the connections between atheism and science, the nature of scientific and religious knowledge, and divine action and human freedom\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Enhancing coral recruitment through assisted mass settlement of cultured coral larvae
The escalating rate at which coral communities are declining globally requires urgent intervention and new approaches to reef management to reduce and halt further coral loss. For reef systems with limited natural larval supply, the introduction of large numbers of competent coral larvae directly to natural reef substrata provides a potentially useful approach to replenish adult coral populations. While few experiments have tested this approach, only one experiment has demonstrated its long-term success to date. Given the differences in life-history traits among corals, and different sensitivities of larvae to abiotic and biotic factors, coupled with the dynamic nature of post-settlement survivorship and recruitment processes, trials of the larval enhancement technique with larvae of different coral species are needed to test the broader applicability and viability of this approach. Accordingly, in this paper we examine the applicability of the larval enhancement technique to restore a population of Acropora loripes in the Bolinao-Anda Reef Complex, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines. Larvae were cultured ex situ following spawning of collected A . loripes colonies in June 2014. Competent larvae were transported to degraded reef areas and approximately 300,000 larvae were introduced in each of three 6 × 4 m plots directly on the reef. Fine mesh enclosures retained the larvae inside each treatment plot for five days. Three adjacent 6 × 4 m plots that served as controls were also covered with mesh enclosures, but no larvae were introduced. Each plot contained ten 10 × 10 cm conditioned settlement tiles cut from dead tabulate Acropora that were used to quantify initial larval settlement. After allowing larval settlement for five days, mean settlement on tiles from the larval enhancement plots that were monitored under stereomicroscopes was significantly higher (27.8 ± 6.7 spat per tile) than in control plots, in which not a single recruit was recorded. Post-settlement survivorship and growth of spat and coral recruits on tiles and reef substrata inside the experimental plots were monitored periodically for 35 months. After 35 months, the mean size of each of the remaining 47 A . loripes coral colonies surviving on the reef substrata was 438.1 ± 5.4 cm 3 , with a mean diameter of 7.9 ± 0.6 cm. The average production cost for each of the surviving A . loripes colonies at 35 months was USD 35.20. These colonies are expected to spawn and contribute to the natural larval pool when they become reproductively mature, thereby enhancing natural coral recovery in the area. This study demonstrates that mass coral larval enhancement can be successfully used for restoring populations of coral species with different life-history traits, and the techniques can rapidly increase larval recruitment rates on degraded reef areas, hence catalysing the regeneration of declining coral populations.
Journal Article
Working in Jamie's kitchen : salvation, passion and young workers
\"In the UK in 2002, the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver set out to transform a group of unemployed young Londoners into enterprising, passionate workers. Their struggles, and those that train and manage them, to develop a passionate orientation to work, highlight many of the challenges we all face in the globalized labour markets of the 21st century\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Timbral effects on consonance disentangle psychoacoustic mechanisms and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales
The phenomenon of musical consonance is an essential feature in diverse musical styles. The traditional belief, supported by centuries of Western music theory and psychological studies, is that consonance derives from simple (harmonic) frequency ratios between tones and is insensitive to timbre. Here we show through five large-scale behavioral studies, comprising 235,440 human judgments from US and South Korean populations, that harmonic consonance preferences can be reshaped by timbral manipulations, even as far as to induce preferences for inharmonic intervals. We show how such effects may suggest perceptual origins for diverse scale systems ranging from the gamelan’s slendro scale to the tuning of Western mean-tone and equal-tempered scales. Through computational modeling we show that these timbral manipulations dissociate competing psychoacoustic mechanisms underlying consonance, and we derive an updated computational model combining liking of harmonicity, disliking of fast beats (roughness), and liking of slow beats. Altogether, this work showcases how large-scale behavioral experiments can inform classical questions in auditory perception.
Consonance is crucial to diverse musical styles and is traditionally attributed to simple frequency ratios between tones. Here, the authors show timbral effects on consonance that challenge this view and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales.
Journal Article
Critical Theories and the Question of Values
This review of Critical Approaches to Science and Religion by Myrna Perez Sheldon, Ahmed Ragab, and Terence Keel welcomes this new collection and points to some of the ways in which it can, and has already, broaden(ed) and enrich(ed) the field. A particular focus is the editors’ proposal that critical studies can bring a new normative perspective to the field—one that moves it beyond the models of conflict and complexity to offer prescriptions about shared values and how we should live. A distinction is made between the scholarly commitments typical of historians, which focus on neutrality and objectivity, and those in the fields of critical studies, which tend more towards advocacy. Questions are raised about the grounds of our normative commitments, especially in a post-liberal context, and the role they should play in our scholarship.
Journal Article
Development and Validation of the Computerised Adaptive Beat Alignment Test (CA-BAT)
Beat perception is increasingly being recognised as a fundamental musical ability. A number of psychometric instruments have been developed to assess this ability, but these tests do not take advantage of modern psychometric techniques, and rarely receive systematic validation. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by developing and validating a new test, the Computerised Adaptive Beat Alignment Test (CA-BAT), a variant of the Beat Alignment Test (BAT) that leverages recent advances in psychometric theory, including item response theory, adaptive testing, and automatic item generation. The test is constructed and validated in four empirical studies. The results support the reliability and validity of the CA-BAT for laboratory testing, but suggest that the test is not well-suited to online testing, owing to its reliance on fine perceptual discrimination.
Journal Article
From antiquity to ethnography : Keith Thomas, Brian Harrison and Peter Burke
'From Antiquity to Ethnography' is the first time a collection of these interviews is being published as a book. They have been conducted by one of England's leading social anthropologists and historians, Professor Alan Macfarlane. Filmed over a period of several years, the three conversations in this volume are part of the series 'Creative Lives and Works.' These transcriptions form a part a larger set of interviews that cut across various disciplines, from the social sciences and the sciences to the performing and visual arts. The current volume is on three of Britain's foremost social and cultural historians. The study of historical traditions, social mores and practices come alive in these conversations. We also learn about the painstaking nature of notetaking which the subject demands.
BOOK
Evaluating pump-assisted larval transfer for scaling coral larval restoration interventions
Globally, multiple techniques are being trialed to accelerate ecosystem recovery in shallow coastal habitats. One technique aims to boost propagule supply in areas where the current supply is insufficient to re-establish depleted populations to ecologically significant levels. However, transferring large quantities of propagules requires large-scale methods to be tested to ensure safe and efficient collection and deployment into degraded habitats. This study aims to determine if the mass transfer of coral larvae through pumping techniques affects their survival, locomotion and settlement potential. A pilot experiment tested the effects of pumping at two flow rates, and a gravity-fed control, on Acropora cf. tenuis larval survival and settlement across four larval ages. Following pumping at days 2-5 following spawning, larval mortality rates were typically low (~0.8% and ~3% for low and high flow, respectively) and settlement rates similar. A subsequent experiment then investigated the effects of pumping on a mixed larval assemblage following in situ wild spawn slick collection and cultivation. Findings were similar to those of the pilot, confirming low average mortality rates (0.6-1%) with highest mortality (1.3%) for 3-day old larvae. At larval ages of 4-, 5- and 6-days post-spawning, pumping had no significant effects on locomotion abilities or settlement among larvae that were retrieved after transfer. For 3-day old larvae, locomotion following high flow pumping was marginally compromised, especially in the first minute following pumping, but locomotion increased significantly 5-10 minutes later. Larvae that were 3-days old and subjected to pumping (low or high) exhibited approximately 50% lower settlement rates compared to the control group. In contrast, no effects on settlement due to pumping were observed for 4-, 5-, or 6-day old larvae. Larval transfer, regardless of the technique employed, resulted in losses ranging from 21-27%. Losses were likely caused by some larvae becoming trapped in the fine mesh filter nets after transfer or lost through the aquarium system, with the extent of loss varying with the developmental stage of the larvae. Overall, results highlight that pumping coral larvae with a diaphragm pump can effectively facilitate their mass transfer when conducted from 4-days post-spawning onwards, at which point larvae are fully developed, motile and acquiring competency. Pumping techniques can therefore be utilized to facilitate increasing the rates and scales of larval restoration operations.
Journal Article