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Recent experimental tests on rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beam-slab systems, subject to gravity loading, reveal that the mode of failure is generally a combined \"beam-slab failure\" (and rarely, a \"slab-alone failure\"). Theoretical studies have also established that the collapse load can be predicted accurately by yield line analysis, accounting for the formation of plastic hinges in the beams along with yield lines in the slab. However, techniques to predict the complete load-deflection plots of such tested beamslab specimens have not yet been reported in the literature. This paper attempts to fil this gap by showing how a displacementcontrolled numerical analysis using finite element analysis software such as Abaqus can capture the complete behavior, including the mode of failure. The concrete is modeled as a three-dimensional (3-D) solid element and the reinforcement is modeled as a onedimensional (1-D) truss element, assuming perfect bond. It is seen that the numerically generated load-deflection plots are in good agreement with the experimental data. With the help of such numerical simulations, it is possible to carry out further studies on beamslab systems with various configurations and possible combinations of beam/slab sizes and reinforcements, without needing to carry out laborious and expensive experiments in the laboratory. Keywords: beam-slab systems; damaged plasticity model; failure mode; load-deflection behavior; nonlinear analysis.

Inequalities in progress towards achievement of Millennium Development Goal four (MDG-4) reflect unequal access to child health services. To examine the time trends, socio-economic and regional inequalities of under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in Nepal. We analyzed the data from complete birth histories of four Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) done in the years 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011. For each livebirth, we computed survival period from birth until either fifth birthday or the survey date. Using direct methods i.e. by constructing life tables, we calculated yearly U5MRs from 1991 to 2010. Projections were made for the years 2011 to 2015. For each NDHS, U5MRs were calculated according to child's sex, mother's education, household wealth index, rural/urban residence, development regions and ecological zones. Inequalities were calculated as rate difference, rate ratio, population attributable risk and hazard ratio. Yearly U5MR (per 1000 live births) had decreased from 157.3 (95% CIs 178.0-138.9) in 1991 to 43.2 (95% CIs 59.1-31.5) in 2010 i.e. 114.1 reduction in absolute risk. Projected U5MR for the year 2015 was 54.33. U5MRs had decreased in absolute terms in all sub groups but relative inequalities had reduced for gender and rural/urban residence only. Wide inequalities existed by wealth and education and increased between 1996 and 2011. For lowest wealth quintile (as compared to highest quintile) hazard ratio (HR) increased from 1.37 (95% CIs 1.27, 1.49) to 2.54 ( 95% CIs 2.25, 2.86) and for mothers having no education (as compared to higher education) HR increased from 2.55 (95% CIs 1.95, 3.33) to 3.75 (95% CIs 3.17, 4.44). Changes in regional inequities were marginal and irregular. Nepal is most likely to achieve MDG-4 but eductional and wealth inequalities may widen further. National health policies should address to reduce inequalities in U5MR through 'inclusive policies'.

A unique feature of leguminous plants is the establishment of symbiotic bacterial genera inside root or stem nodules that is being recently re-evaluated for investigating the micro-flora discrete to nitrogen fixation. The present research was carried out to evaluate non-rhizobial endophytes and Rhizobium from root nodules of Vigna radiata and ascertain their co-inoculation effect in pot and field conditions. Each strain displayed one or more plant growth-promoting behaviors in varying degrees. The ability to fix nitrogen was observed in all strains; however, a noticeable enhancement in nitrogen fixation was observed when all three strains were co-inoculated. All three strains were found to possess the nifH gene, which plays a key role in the nitrogen fixation process. However, only Rhizobium sp. AAU B3 also had the nodD gene present. Furthermore, combinations of all three strains produced the highest levels of phosphate solubilization, potash mobilisation, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), and the stress-relieving enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase. Interestingly, the succession of the root nodule formation within root hairs seedlings was observed under a fluorescence microscope and two NRE were found to be located inside the root nodules, indicating that they are endophytic. Additionally, a pot and field investigation revealed that the combination of chosen Rhizobium and NRE strains had a favorable impact on the growth and yield characteristics of a green gram. Selected bio-inoculants can reduce the utilization of synthetic fertilizers by 75%, which might lead to the restoration of the soil’s health. Therefore, these bio-inoculants might be explored commercially for sustainable agriculture production.

There is emergent evidence of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale’s utility in the Global South. The present research provides evidence about the measurement properties of a Bahasa Indonesia language version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale and comparator measures, the Career Futures Inventory-Revised and the Self-perceived Employability Scale, using a sample of students (N = 277) enrolled in Indonesian college degrees. Furthermore, for the purpose of cross-cultural comparisons, the measurement properties of the Indonesian version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale were compared with an independent dataset (N = 387) using an Australian English language version. The Indonesian version had acceptable measurement properties.

Background: The presently used perinatal death certificate devised by the World Health Organization is incomplete and does not help in identifying \"preventability.\" Objective: To develop tools that can help identify (1) preventable perinatal death and (2) preventable and/or avoidable cause for perinatal deaths. Materials and Methods: As a prerequisite for conduct of a community-based interventional study in two different districts of Karnataka state, two information tools, Perinatal death reporting form (PeNDReF) and perinatal death audit report (PeNDAR), were designed. The process involved series of preparatory and review meetings, before and after the field work to list facilities available, categorize facilities, identify causality, assess risk factors, and assert preventability of a perinatal death. The process was repeated over a period of 6 months and the information tools, PeNDReF and PeNDAR, were finalized. Doctors and paramedical personnel of both the districts were trained to fill the tools, which were analyzed to ascertain contributing risk factors and identify preventable perinatal death. Results: The use of PeNDAR led to identification of 5.7% of perinatal deaths as \"preventable\" and 19% as \"possibly preventable.\" The use of PeNDReF helped in the identification of risk factors (maternal anemia 49.6%, age of marriage <20 years 18.7%, and maternal weight <50 kg 9.1%), avoidable/preventable factors related to quality of care, transport, and referral. Conclusions: These tools are useful for identifying \"preventable\" perinatal deaths and avoidable/preventable factors.

The objective of this project is to design a driver unconsciousness detection system using image processing to detect drowsiness and unconsciousness in drivers, thereby preventing accidents resulting from driver fatigue. Driver fatigue is a serious road safety issue, with approximately 20% of all road accidents attributed to this cause. Conventional drowsiness detection systems rely on physiological monitoring, which can be unreliable, expensive, and challenging to implement and maintain. In contrast, the proposed system monitors a sequence of images to identify facial and behavioral patterns indicative of drowsiness or unconsciousness. By detecting facial landmark points and analyzing the duration of eye closure, the system can accurately classify the driver’s state and take appropriate measures such as reducing the vehicle’s speed and alerting emergency services of the driver’s geo-location. The successful implementation of this system holds immense potential for substantially reducing the number of accidents resulting from driver fatigue, thereby mitigating the loss of lives and injuries.

Higher education broadly assumes a conceptual link between generic skills and employability. We accessed a large sample of data collected by the Australian Government to investigate whether the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) subscales Good Teaching (GTS), Graduate Skills (GSS), and Graduate Qualities (GQS) predicted graduates’ employment status, overall course satisfaction, and decisions to take further studies. GTS was found to predict graduates’ overall course satisfaction; however, GSS and GQS scales combined predicted negligible increases in employment outcomes. Our findings highlight the imperative for higher education leaders to critically examine discourse about the link between employability skills and employment outcomes.

The authors investigated 3 dimensions of the working alliance—goal, task, and bond—and the reduction of negative career‐related thoughts. A pretest–posttest design revealed a significant reduction in negative career thoughts after an initial career counseling interview was provided to college students (N = 87). Regression analyses revealed that task predicted negative career thoughts. The findings offer evidence of the effectiveness of career counseling and of the contribution of working alliance to counseling as a process and outcome variable.

A toddler, thriving well, developmentally normal, and fully immunized, presented with fever, cough, and cold for a day, followed by breathing difficulty. Although the child was not ill upon admission, he had a fever and was breathing rapidly. On examination, visible sub-costal retractions and wheezing in both lungs were noted. He required Intensive Care Unit (ICU) management for a brief period, with oxygen supplementation, round-the-clock nebulization, and other supportive care. Initially, he was diagnosed with a wheeze-associated lower respiratory tract infection, as his chest X-ray showed bilateral hyperinflated lung fields. Blood investigations revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia, and his renal function tests, electrolytes, and liver function tests were within normal limits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was positive at 15.1 mg/L (≥10 mg/L considered positive), and the blood culture was sterile. A nasopharyngeal swab on day 2 of admission tested positive for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of Human Bocavirus (HBoV). Gradually, the child's condition improved, and he was able to be taken off oxygen support two days after admission. Upon discharge, the child was managed symptomatically with oral medications.

Information about utilization of health services and associated factors are useful for improving service delivery to achieve universal health coverage. Data on a sample of ever-married women from India Demographic and Health survey 2005-06 was used. Mothers of children aged 0-59 months were asked about child's illnesses and type of health facilities where treatment was given during 15 days prior to the survey date. Type of health facilities were grouped as informal provider, public provider and private provider. Factors associated with utilization of health services for diarrhea and fever/cough was assessed according to Andersen's health behavior model. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done considering sampling weights for complex sampling design. A total of 48,679 of ever-married women reported that 9.1% 14.8% and 17.67% of their children had diarrhea, fever and cough respectively. Nearly one-third of the children with diarrhea and fever/cough did not receive any treatment. Two-thirds of children who received treatment were from private health care providers (HCPs). Among predisposing factors, children aged 1-2 years and those born at health facility (public/private) were more likely to be taken to any type of HCP during illness. Among enabling factors, as compared to poorer household, wealthier households were 2.5 times more likely to choose private HCPs for any illness. Children in rural areas were likely to be taken to any type of HCP for diarrhea but rural children were less likely to utilize private HCP for fever/cough. 'Need' factors i.e. children having severe symptoms were 2-3 times more likely to be taken to any type of HCP. Private HCPs were preferred for treatment of childhood illnesses. Involvement of private HCPs may be considered while planning child health programs. Health insurance scheme for childhood illnesses may to protect economically weaker sections from out-of-pocket health expenditure during child illness.