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"Hartner, Marcus"
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Turkish History on the Early Stuart Stage
This article explores the role of the strange and spectacular in early modern dramatic (re)presentations of the Islamic world by discussing two sixteenth-century tragedies by Thomas Goffe that engage with Turkish dynastic history. No longer employing the fantastical elements used in medieval literature to mark the East as a spectacular space, Goffe presents a vision of Turkish otherness based on a new (mundane) notion of strangeness that relies on the staging of ‘unnaturally’ excessive behaviour and strangely hyperbolic passions. This strategy emphasises the supposed antagonistic alterity of the Muslim other. However, it also (inadvertently) undermines conventional Ottoman stereotypes by offering points of (emotional) contact and recognition between the audience and the Turkish characters on stage.
Journal Article
Blending and the Study of Narrative
The theory of Blending, or Conceptual Integration, proposed by Gilles Fauconnier and Marc Turner, is one of most promising cognitive theories of meaning production. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of poetic discourse and micro-textual elements, such as metaphor. Prose narrative has so far received significantly less attention. The present volume aims to remedy this situation.
Following an introductory discussion of the connections between narrative and the processes of blending, the contributions demonstrate the range of applications of the theory to the study of narrative. They cover issues such as time and space, literary character and perspective, genre, story levels, and fictional minds; some chapters show how such phenomena as metalepsis, counterfactual narration, intermediality, extended metaphors, and suspense can be fruitfully studied from the vantage point of Conceptual Integration. Working within a theoretical framework situated at the intersection of narratology and the cognitive sciences, the book provides both fresh readings for individual literary and film narratives and new impulses for post-classical narratology.
eBook
British Novels of Migration and the Construction of Transnational Mental Spaces
While migration to Britain has long played a major role in Black and Asian British fiction, many novels have been published in recent years whose protagonists do not hail from the countries of the Commonwealth. The British novel has also begun to explore different types of migration and migrants, including temporary work migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Another change in British fictions of migration has been an increasing output of migration narratives written by authors without migration experiences of their own. In this article, we suggest that those changes call for a rethinking of our theoretical and conceptual toolkit. We propose an approach that combines the sociological concept of transnational social spaces with the concept of mental spaces used in, e.g. cognitive narratology. With what we call a ‘transnational cultural narratology,’ we aim at introducing a concept that does justice to the transnational dimension of migration literature as well as to the narrative strategies the texts use, and the effects of reading which such fictions engender. We claim that these narratives establish what we describe as ‘transnational mental spaces.’
Journal Article
Prognostic Significance of Interferon-gamma and Its Signaling Pathway in Early Breast Cancer Depends on the Molecular Subtypes
Interferons are crucial for adaptive immunity and play an important role in the immune landscape of breast cancer. Using microarray-based gene expression analysis, we examined the subtype-specific prognostic significance of interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]) as a single gene as well as an IFN-[gamma] signature covering the signaling pathway in 461 breast cancer patients. Prognostic significance of IFN-[gamma], as well as the IFN-[gamma] signature for metastasis-free survival (MFS), were examined using Kaplan-Meier as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in the whole cohort and in different molecular subtypes. The independent prognostic significance of IFN-[gamma] as a single gene was limited to basal-like breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) 2.779, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.117-6.919, p = 0.028). In contrast, the IFN-[gamma]-associated gene signature was an independent prognostic factor in the whole cohort (HR 2.287, 95% CI 1.410-3.633, p < 0.001) as well as in the basal-like (HR 3.458, 95% CI 1.154-10.359, p = 0.027) and luminal B (HR 2.690, 95% CI 1.416-5.112, p = 0.003) molecular subtypes. These results underline the subtype-dependent prognostic influence of the immune system in early breast cancer. Keywords: interferon; breast cancer; prognosis; molecular subtypes
Journal Article
Comprehensive Assessment of the Potential for Efficient District Heating and Cooling and for High-Efficient Cogeneration in Austria
In accordance with the EU Energy Efficiency Directive all Member States have to develop a comprehensive assessment of the potential for high-efficient CHP and efficient district heating and cooling by the end of 2015. This paper describes the approach and methodology used to determine the district heating potentials for Austria. In a first step actual and future heating and cooling demand in the building sector is evaluated using the techno-economic bottom-up model Invert/EE-Lab. Relevant infrastructure probably existing in 2025 is investigated and included into the analysis. Technical potentials for efficient technologies are calculated. After a classification of relevant regions into main and secondary regions a country-level cost-benefit-analysis is performed. The results indicate that there is a reasonable additional potential for district heating by the year 2025 under our central scenario assumptions and within sensitivity scenarios. Only in scenarios with high CO2-price or low gas price, CHP is an economically efficient solution to supply district heat.
Journal Article