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Indonesia has many freshwater fish species but not recorded with completely, one of them from Banten Province especially in Pulosari Mountain areas of Pandeglang Regency. This study aimed to assess fish diversity, abundance, local distribution, potency, species status, bioecology aspects, and habitat condition. The study was conducted in September 2015 using survey methods. The site study was divided in five stations, the fishing gear mainly electrofishing and completed by cast net with diameter 2.5 meter. The operational of fishing gears using CPUE (catch per unit of efforts). Fish sample counted based on number of species and number of individuals for each species, then preserved and identified. Specimens were deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) Cibinong. The results recorded 12 species belonging to 11 families. St.2 (Cilagra river) is the most diverse with 8 species, following St.4 (Cijeruk lower) with 7 species. Barbodes binotatus is the most dominant species (19.2 ind./St.) and also widespread (100%). Two introduce species were found i.e. Poecillia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus . Based on potency almost balance both consume and ornamental fish. The inland waters in these areas were suitable for fish habitat.

Desmopuntius mahakamensis sp. nov. , is described based on specimens from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The new species, D. mahakamensis is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: anal-fin rays iii,5½; lateral line scales 26–27 (mode 26); predorsal scales 9–11 (mode 10); gill rakers 9–11 (mode 10); total vertebrae 29; axial streak present; presence of 5–6 black lateral stripes in adults (>30 mm SL), with stripe +1 extending from behind the gill opening along scale row 1 and reaching only to midbody, between the origin and end of the dorsal-fin base. Molecular evidence further supports the assignment of the new species in the genus Desmopuntius and its clear separation from congeners.

The Betta coccina complex is a diverse taxonomic group of fighting fish widely distributed in isolated islands in Southeast Asia. This genus is an ideal model for investigating freshwater fish evolutionary patterns and historical biogeography in the Malay Archipelago. In this study, based on principal component analysis of morphological traits, taxonomic diagnoses, and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, two new species are described from Sumatra Island, Betta iaspis sp. nov. and Betta mulyadii sp. nov. The former has a distinctive black anal fin with a few red patches on the posterior half, while the latter is red and unspotted throughout, distinguishing them with their five or six subdorsal scales from other members of the Betta coccina complex. Phylogenetic analysis of the Betta coccina complex based on Cyt b further suggests that the speciation and present distributional pattern of this complex cannot be explained simply by the current geographic isolation of the Strait of Malacca, but by the connection-isolation scenario in the Pleistocene biogeographic context in Sundaland. This metapopulation of extant Betta species suggests a potential radiative evolution before the Last Glacial Maximum. These findings advance our understanding of the taxonomy and biogeographic evolution of Betta species in Southeast Asia.

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been widely used in the world. Petroleum-based plasticizers especially phthalates have been the most common plasticizers used in PVC. However, the global petroleum resources are becoming scarce gradually, and the hygienic requirements for plasticizers are increasing. Owing to the negative impact of petroleum-based plasticizers on human health and the environment, their use has been restricted in the USA, the European and so on. Biomass renewable resources have wide range of sources and low prices, and the chemicals obtained from them have various structures, which can provide a huge platform to design novel PVC plasticizers with the aim of replacing traditional phthalate plasticizers. Many bio-based PVC plasticizers, such as vegetable oil-based plasticizers, cardanol-based plasticizers, lactic acid-based plasticizers, waste cooking oil-based plasticizers, polyester plasticizers, hyperbranched plasticizers and so on, have been extensively studied. We have reviewed recent research progress on different types of novel bio-based PVC plasticizers and assorted them by raw materials and chemical structure. Through in-depth analysis of the relationship between the chemical structure and the plasticizing performance, the efficiency of plasticizers may be predicted before they have been designed. This review will be beneficial for the development of bio-based plasticizers by pointing out the research and application direction.

Introduction: Haglund’s deformity is an abnormal bony enlargement of posterosuperior part of calcaneus at the attachment of achilles tendon which often leads to retrocalcaneal bursitis and insertional achilles tendinopathy (Haglund’s syndrome) causing back heel pain. Arthroscopic calcaneoplasty, synovectomy and PRP injection should be considered as minimally invasive treatment option with speedy recovery. Case Report: A 57 years old woman came with pain and lump at posterior site of left ankle more than right ankle since 6 months before that didn’t respond conservatively. Pain was felt with pressure on left ankle with edema. AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score was 65%. X-Ray and MRI showed Haglund’s deformity with achilles tendon impingement. The patient was diagnosed with Haglund’s deformity, retrocalcaneal bursitis and achilles tendinopathy. Arthroscopic calcaneoplasty, synovectomy and PRP injection was then conducted. One week after operation, pain decreased and she could do daily activities better with AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score increased to 87%. Two weeks after operation, pain was still felt but seldom with AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score remain at 87%. Result and Discussion: Haglund’s syndrome is mostly idiopathic with several factors suggested. Clinical features are back heel pain, swelling, bump on posterior heel and inflammation signs. Dorsiflexion causes pain of the ankle. Lateral radiographic can show bony prominence at posterosuperior of calcaneus, calcaneal spur and bone formation at achilles tendon insertion. MRI can additionally show synovitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis and achilles tendinopathy. Conservative treatment is often used to treat Haglund’s syndrome, if it doesn’t respond well then surgical treatment is required. Arthroscopic calcaneoplasty with synovectomy has better outcome compared to open surgery. PRP injection can be added to enhance achilles tendinopathy healing. The AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score used is a standardized evaluation which combine subjective and objective information from the patient and the physician, in which a healthy ankle scored 100. In this case, the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score increased significantly from 65% pre-operative to 87% post-operative which shows better functional outcome. Conclusion: Treatment of Haglund’s deformity, retrocalcaneal bursitis and achilles tendinopathy with arthroscopic calcaneoplasty, synovectomy and PRP injection should be considered to produce good functional outcome based on AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot score..

Background Cylindrospermopsin is a highly persistent cyanobacterial secondary metabolite toxic to humans and other living organisms. Strain OF001 and A210 are manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) able to transform cylindrospermopsin during the oxidation of Mn 2+ . So far, the enzymes involved in manganese oxidation in strain OF001 and A210 are unknown. Therefore, we analyze the genomes of two cylindrospermopsin-transforming MOB, Pseudomonas sp. OF001 and Rubrivivax sp. A210, to identify enzymes that could catalyze the oxidation of Mn 2+ . We also investigated specific metabolic features related to pollutant degradation and explored the metabolic potential of these two MOB with respect to the role they may play in biotechnological applications and/or in the environment. Results Strain OF001 encodes two multicopper oxidases and one haem peroxidase potentially involved in Mn 2+ oxidation, with a high similarity to manganese-oxidizing enzymes described for Pseudomonas putida GB-1 (80, 83 and 42% respectively). Strain A210 encodes one multicopper oxidase potentially involved in Mn 2+ oxidation, with a high similarity (59%) to the manganese-oxidizing multicopper oxidase in Leptothrix discophora SS-1. Strain OF001 and A210 have genes that might confer them the ability to remove aromatic compounds via the catechol meta- and ortho-cleavage pathway, respectively. Based on the genomic content, both strains may grow over a wide range of O 2 concentrations, including microaerophilic conditions, fix nitrogen, and reduce nitrate and sulfate in an assimilatory fashion. Moreover, the strain A210 encodes genes which may convey the ability to reduce nitrate in a dissimilatory manner, and fix carbon via the Calvin cycle. Both MOB encode CRISPR-Cas systems, several predicted genomic islands, and phage proteins, which likely contribute to their genome plasticity. Conclusions The genomes of Pseudomonas sp. OF001 and Rubrivivax sp. A210 encode sequences with high similarity to already described MCOs which may catalyze manganese oxidation required for cylindrospermopsin transformation. Furthermore, the analysis of the general metabolism of two MOB strains may contribute to a better understanding of the niches of cylindrospermopsin-removing MOB in natural habitats and their implementation in biotechnological applications to treat water.

Diagnostic characters distinguishing the gudgeons Belobranchus belobranchus and Belobranchus segura were reassessed and found to be inconsistent, making it difficult to accurately identify them. Numerous specimens of both species were examined combining genetic (mitochondrial COI gene) and morpho-meristic analyses. Our findings demonstrate that B. belobranchus and B. segura can be reliably distinguished from each other based on revised diagnostic characters, including several morphometric features (interorbital width, jaw length, and caudal-peduncle depth) as well as distinct head, body, and fin coloration.

Breast cancer remains a significant concern worldwide, with a rising incidence in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of risk-based screening approaches in the Indonesian demographic through a case-control study involving 305 women. We developed a personalized breast cancer risk assessment workflow that integrates multiple risk factors, including clinical (Gail) and polygenic (Mavaddat) risk predictions, into a consolidated risk category. By evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each single-factor risk model, we demonstrated that they retained their predictive accuracy in the Indonesian context (AUC for clinical risk: 0.67 [0.61,0.74]; AUC for genetic risk: 0.67 [0.61,0.73]). Notably, our combined risk approach enhanced the AUC to 0.70 [0.64,0.76], highlighting the advantages of a multifaceted model. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the applicability of the Mavaddat and Gail models to Indonesian populations, and show that within this demographic, combined risk models provide a superior predictive framework compared to single-factor approaches.

The Android operating system is frequently updated, with each version bringing a new set of APIs. New versions may involve API deprecation; Android apps using deprecated APIs need to be updated to ensure the apps’ compatibility with old and new Android versions. Updating deprecated APIs is a time-consuming endeavor. Hence, automating the updates of Android APIs can be beneficial for developers. CocciEvolve is the state-of-the-art approach for this automation. However, it has several limitations, including its inability to resolve out-of-method variables and the low code readability of its updates due to the addition of temporary variables. In an attempt to further improve the performance of automated Android API update, we propose an approach named AndroEvolve, that addresses the limitations of CocciEvolve through the addition of data flow analysis and variable name denormalization. Data flow analysis enables AndroEvolve to resolve the value of any variable within the file scope. Variable name denormalization replaces temporary variables that may present in the CocciEvolve update with appropriate values in the target file. We have evaluated the performance of AndroEvolve and the readability of its updates on 372 target files containing 565 deprecated API usages. Each target file represents a file from an Android application that uses a deprecated API in its code. AndroEvolve successfully updates 481 out of 565 deprecated API invocations correctly, achieving an accuracy of 85.1%. Compared to CocciEvolve, AndroEvolve produces 32.9% more instances of correct updates. Moreover, our manual and automated evaluation shows that AndroEvolve updates are more readable than CocciEvolve updates.

Freshwater fish in Kalimantan is the highest among Indonesian islands, with many endemic species. Therefore, a fish population study was conducted in Lake Siawan, West Kalimantan, for the purpose of determining fish diversity, abundance, local distribution, species status, and its habitat. Five sampling stations were designated and the catch per unit of efforts (CPUE) approach was adopted to get the samples. The fish caught were counted to get the species diversity and abundance. There were 57 species from 13 families that were recorded, with Cyprinidae as the dominant family with 34 species, followed by Bagridae with 4 species. Station 1 and station 5 were recorded as the highest and the lowest fish diversity, respectively. The most abundant species were Brevibora dorsiocellata and Rasbora tornieri. Four species has wide distribution and almost all of the fish found was native species. Three endemic species recorded were Hampala bimaculata, Leptobarbus hosii and Puntigrus anchisporus.