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No one can deny the great role that technology has played in our lives, the solutions it has given us to many of our problems, the comfort and well-being in all areas of life that it has given us and were not available to previous generations, but on the other hand, technology has caused great damage to humans and to environment. It is therefore necessary for human being to reach a balance between benefits of technology and the damages it brings to it, so that in the end it can achieve the maximum benefit possible with the minimum amount of losses. Therefore, the role of the intellectual trends of the to work on achieving this balance and enables the designer to use all technological potentials with minimal damage to the environment. The idea of the research can be summarized in innovative means that use high technology to adapt alternative environmental materials to produce interior and industrial design elements. The problem of the research is that there is no clear mechanism for the use of high technology to adapt environmentally friendly alternative materials in the production of interior and industrial design elements. The research aimed to identify the modern intellectual trends in design that help to adapt high technology to serve the environmental by focus on the role of technology in reviving the use of environmentally friendly materials for the production of internal and industrial design elements and to high light the effect of integrating the newly developed technology with the green design on the production of internal and industrial design elements. To achieve this objective, the research used the inductive methodology of means of Modern technology in the fields of interior and industrial design, and how to employ them to support environmental, alternative raw materials, and then the deductive approach to reach the methodology for the integration of the technological means and environment-friendly intellectual trends. The results of the research are the possibility of adapting the newly developed technology to serve environmental and ecological purposes, and that alternative environmentally friendly raw materials can compete strongly with other industrial raw materials to produce elements of interior and industrial design.

The anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities of sarcotrocheliol ( 1 ) and cholesterol ( 2 ) obtained from the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum ( S. trocheliophorum ) were intensively studied. According to this study, both compounds 1 and 2 showed potential cytotoxicity towards the human colorectal carcinomaHCT-116 (IC 50 10.4, 11.8 µg/mL) and human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell lines (IC 50 8.8, 12.0 µg/mL), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated as potential inhibitors of caspase-3, a member of the cysteine protease family, which is considered a key enzyme in inducing cell apoptosis. Results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have induced apoptosis via up-regulation of caspase-3. Sarcotrocheliol ( 1 ) displayed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa (15 mm), B. subtilis (15 mm), M. luteus (14 mm) and C. albicans (15 mm), with a MIC of 1.5 µg/mL against the reported test microorganisms. On the other hand, cholesterol ( 2 ) showed less activity towards P. aeruginosa (10 mm), B. subtilis (14 mm), S. aureus (12 mm) and C. albicans (10 mm) with MICs of 3.0, 1.5, 1.5 and 3.0 µg/mL against the tested microorganisms, respectively. Larvicidal activity revealed that compounds 1 and 2 induced remarkable toxicity against the third instar larvae of the mosquito, Culex pipiens even at concentration of 2 ppm. Adulticidal activity data showed that tested compounds are distinctly potent toxicants against the housefly, Musca domestica adult females. Overall, compound 2 induced much more insecticidal activity than 1 , and M. domestica adult females were more sensitive to tested compounds than C. pipiens larvae. Computationally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses revealed that compound 2 had a higher dipole moment and lower band gap energy when compared to compound 1 . So, compounds 2 is chemically more reactive and less stable than compound 1 . According to the molecular docking study against PDB IDs: 3KJF, 5UHF and 1ACJ, compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated their activity mode as anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal agents. The compounds exerted many interactions and showed high binding to the proteins, recognizing their potential as drug candidates with broad bioactivities.

Background Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Methods This was a case-control study included four hundred sixty patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 460 well-matched healthy control children and adolescents. The I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) in the ACE1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ), meanwhile the ACE serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA . Results The ACE1 D/D genotype and Deletion allele were significantly more represented in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (55% vs. 28%; OR = 2.4; [95% CI: 1.46–3.95]; for the DD genotype; P  = 0.002) and (68% vs. 52.5%; OR: 1.93; [95% CI: 1.49–2.5] for the D allele; P  = 0.032). The presence of ACE1 D/D genotype was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 among studied patients (adjusted OR: 2.6; [95% CI: 1.6–9.7]; P  < 0.001. Conclusions The ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egyptian children and adolescents. Impact Recent studies suggested a crucial role of renin-angiotensin system and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Caucasian children and adolescents. The presence of the ACE1 D/D genotype or ACE1 Deletion allele may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and being associated with higher ACE serum levels; may constitute independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The ACE1 I/D genotyping help design further clinical trials reconsidering RAS-pathway antagonists to achieve more efficient targeted therapies.

Background Copper (Cu) toxicity induces intestinal mucosal damage in chickens. However, selenized-yeast (SY) is reported to enhance the general health and metabolic state of broiler chickens. Thus, this study was proposed to discover whether SY could protect chickens against Cu-induced intestinal damage. Healthy chicks were divided into 4 groups: Control group received basal diet; Cu group, received CuSO 4 at 300 mg/kg, SY group received 0.4 mg/kg, and SY plus CuSO 4 group received both treatments in diet. Results The current data indicated a significant reduction ( P  < 0.05) in residual Cu levels and MDA levels with a substantial increase in ( P  < 0.05) the activities of GPx, CAT, and SOD in the SY-supplemented birds compared to the Cu-challenged ones. Moreover, the reduced ( P  < 0.05) NO levels and inflammatory markers affirming the anti-inflammatory role of SY. Besides, SY co-administration significantly ( P  < 0.05) downregulated the AvBD-2, and AvBD-9 and upregulated ( P  < 0.05) the Gastrotropin, Calbindin, Cath-B, and Muc2 mRNA expressions compared to Cu-intoxicated group. The histopathological findings validated the protective effect of SY on Cu-induced intestinal damage Conclusion Our research suggested that SY may be used as a feed supplement to protect the intestine injury during Cu exposure. This might be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of SY.

can cause intestinal and extra-intestinal infections which ranged from mild to life-threatening infections. The severity of infection is a product of many factors including virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, the distribution of virulence factors and their association with one another and with some selected resistance genes. Virulence properties were analyzed phenotypically while antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. In addition, 64 isolates were tested for 6 colicin genes, virulence genes and , and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Extra-intestinal pathogenic isolated from urine and blood samples represented a battery of virulence factors and resistance genes with a great ability to produce biofilm. Also, a significant association (P<0.05) among most of the tested colicin, virulence and resistance genes was observed. The observed associations indicate the importance and contribution of the tested factors in the establishment and the progress of infection especially with (ExPEC) which is considered a great challenging health problem. There is a need for studying how to control these factors to decrease the rate and the severity of infections. The relationship between virulence factors and resistance genes is complex and needs more studies that should be specific for each area.

This experiment was carried out to explore the efficiency of an individual or combined doses of vitamin C (Vit. C) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in alleviating biochemical, genotoxicity, and pathological changes in the liver induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chicks were haphazardly allotted into five groups (five replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate). The birds were fed five experimental diets; (1) basal diet with no additives (CON), (2) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet (CuSO4), (3) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet + 250 mg Vit. C /kg diet, (4) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet +250 mg Vit. E /kg diet, (5) basal diets supplemented with 300 mg CuSO4/kg diet + 250 mg Vit. C /kg diet + 250 mg Vit. E /kg diet for six weeks. The results displayed that CuSO4-intoxicated birds had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased bodyweight, weight gain, and feed intake with increased feed conversion ratio from the 2nd week till the 6th week compared with the CON. However, these changes were minimized by single or combined supplementation of vitamin C and E. The FCR was insignificantly different in birds-fed diets complemented with vitamin C and E singly or in combination from the 3rd week of age compared to the CON. Serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were elevated in CuSO4-intoxicated birds (p < 0.05). Additionally, they showed a drop in serum total protein (TP), albumin, globulins, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to the CON (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, histopathological and DNA changes were perceived in the liver of CuSO4-intoxicated birds. Co-supplementation of Vit. C and Vit. E single-handedly or combined with CuSO4-intoxicated chickens enhanced the performance traits and abovementioned changes, especially with those given combinations of vitamins. From the extant inquiry, it could be established that supplementation of vitamin C and E was beneficial for mitigating the harmful effects of CuSO4 toxicity on growth performance and liver histoarchitecture in broiler chickens.

The current investigation evaluated the alleviating effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative stress, hematobiochemical, and histopathological changes in the kidney induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five experimental groups (five replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate): 1st group—basal diet with no additives (control group), 2nd group—basal diet complemented with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet), 3rd group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), 4th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), and 5th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet) for a 42 day feeding period. The results showed a significant reduction in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit values as well as total leukocyte counts (WBCs), lymphocyte, heterophil, and monocyte counts in the CuSO4-intoxicated birds (2.42 × 106/µL, 9.54 g/dL, 26.02%, 15.80 × 103/µL, 7.86 × 103/µL, 5.26 × 103/µL, and 1.18 × 103/µL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (2.79 × 106/µL, 10.98 g/dL, 28.46%, 21.07 × 103/µL, 10.84 × 103/µL, 7.12 × 103/µL, and 1.60 × 103/µL, respectively) in the control group. Moreover, CuSO4-intoxicated birds showed hypoglycemia with a rise in serum uric acid and creatinine levels (122.68, 5.18, and 0.78 mg/dL at the 6th week) compared to (159.46, 4.41, and 0.61 mg/dL) in the control group. The CuSO4 toxicity in birds induced oxidative stress, indicated by a high serum malondialdehyde level (MDA) and diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) (2.01 nmol/mL, 37.66 U/mL, and 2.91 U/mL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (1.34 nmol/mL, 57.00 U/mL, 4.99 U/mL, respectively) in the control group. High doses of Cu exposure caused severe microscopic alterations in kidney architecture. The addition of vitamins C and E, singularly or in combination, displayed a beneficial effect in alleviating these harmful effects of Cu toxicity. These findings showed the possible mitigating impacts of dietary antioxidants on the hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and kidney damage induced by CuSO4 toxicity.

Background Children’s health is a basic pillar for sustainable development, directly influencing social stability, economic growth, and national progress. Lead exposure represents a community health risk, particularly among children. High amounts of lead exposure may have negative effects on the brain, learning, and central nervous system and may result in coma, death, and seizures. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in enhancing mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding lead exposure among young children in Bani-Khaled Village, Minia Governorate. Methods A quasi experimental design was utilized to assess mothers’ knowledge and practices pre- and postintervention. The intervention was divided into eight sessions, lectures, group discussions, brainstorming, movies, and photos. A systematic random sample of 251 mothers was selected. Two hundred fifty-one mothers participated. Data analysis was carried out via descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, paired t tests, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression techniques. Results Postintervention evaluation demonstrated the educational intervention was associated with notable improvements in mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding lead exposure among young children in Bani-Khaled village. The mean knowledge score increased from 8.5 ± 2.3 to 15.2 ± 2.1 (t = 38.47, p  < 0.001). While the mean practice score increased from 9.2 ± 1.8 to 14.3 ± 1.9 (t = 39.12, p  < 0.001). While a strong correlation was observed between knowledge and practices before the intervention, the post-intervention correlation was weak. Conclusion The educational intervention demonstrated a positive effect on improving mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding lead exposure among young children. Future research should incorporate longer follow-up periods and broader community samples to better understand program effectiveness across different contexts and caregiver groups.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases especially in the hospital environment. However, this pathogen also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to characterize different virulence factors, secreted metabolites and to study their role in the suppression of Candida growth. Fifteen P . aeruginosa isolates were tested for their anticandidal activity against 3 different Candida spp. by the cross-streak method. The effect on hyphae production was tested microscopically using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polymerase chain reaction was used in the detection of some virulence genes. Lipopolysaccharide profile was performed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel stained with silver. Fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS as methyl ester derivatives. It was found that 5 P . aeruginosa isolates inhibited all tested Candida spp. (50–100% inhibition), one isolate inhibited C . glabrata only and 3 isolates showed no activity against the tested Candida spp. The P . aeruginosa isolates inhibiting all Candida spp. were positive for all virulence genes. GC-Ms analysis revealed that isolates with high anticandidal activity showed spectra for several compounds, each known for their antifungal activity in comparison to those with low or no anticandidal activity. Hence, clinical isolates of P . aeruginosa showed Candida species-specific interactions by different means, giving rise to the importance of studying microbial interaction in polymicrobial infections and their contribution to causing disease.

Calpain activation has been implicated in various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Thus, calpain inhibition could effectively prevent spinal cord injury (SCI) associated with neurodegeneration. In the current study, a dog SCI model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a selective calpain inhibitor (PD150606) in combination with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) as an anti-inflammatory drug. SCI was experimentally induced in sixteen mongrel dogs through an epidural balloon compression technique. The dogs were allocated randomly into four groups: control, MPSS, PD150606, and MPSS+PD150606. Clinical evaluation, serum biochemical, somatosensory evoked potentials, histopathological, and immunoblotting analyses were performed to assess treated dogs during the study. The current findings revealed that the combined administration of MPSS+PD150606 demonstrated considerably lower neuronal loss and microglial cell infiltration than the other groups, with a significant improvement in the locomotor score. The increased levels of inflammatory markers (GFAP and CD11) and calcium-binding proteins (Iba1 and S100) were significantly reduced in the combination group and to a lesser extent in MPSS or PD150606 treatment alone. Interestingly, the combined treatment effectively inhibited the calpain-induced cleavage of p35, limited cdk5 activation, and inhibited tau phosphorylation. These results suggest that early MPSS+PD150606 therapy after acute SCI may prevent subsequent neurodegeneration via calpain inhibition.