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"Hashim, Mohammed AL"
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Evaluation Levels of IL-17 and IL-10 in Serum Patients of Lung Cancer in Both Types Non-Small Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma in Al Najaf province/Iraq
The current study utilized cytokines as biomarkers where play a pivotal role in the suppressive or progression of lung cancer and are used to regulate of immune response of patients with lung cancer, samples were collected from cases of patients who suffer from clinical symptoms of disease and from both sexes specifically from the center of Middle Euphrates Cancer in the government of Al-Najaf at the period from (December, 2022 to the end of March, 2023) where comprised 176 samples as 120 cases represent lung cancer and 56 cases as the apparently healthy control group, 120 cases were comprised as non-small cell carcinoma cases of patients representing 96 (80%) divided in to into 46(47.9%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma,32 cases of adenocarcinoma (33.3%), and 18 (18.7%) cases of large cell carcinoma, while 24 (20%) represented cases of small cell carcinoma, taking of blood samples from all patients cases then separated to obtain of serum for detection levels of IL-17 and IL-10 via the using of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) apparatus that measured the serum levels of IL-17 in lung cancer patients and were showed (0.2309 ± 0.06659) pg/ml significantly at (p≤ 0.05) compared with the apparently healthy control group (0.1377 ± 0.0117) pg/ml, as well as it observed higher significant (p ≤ 0.05) for levels of IL-10 in patients serum (0.392 ± 0.002333) pg/ml than the apparently healthy control group(0.2089 ± 0.003074) pg/ml.
Journal Article
The role of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in COVID-19 patients in Karbala Governorate
There are several viruses considered to be ecologically problematic, including COVID-19.The samples were collected from persons with middle and severe cases of patients with COVID-19 as well as other samples from patients who were appeared symptoms or recovered from infection of coronavirus, where the number of cases 100 and measured levels of cytokines in the serum of patients as IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), estimated by immune assay called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Where serum level of TNF-α in persons not illustrated a significant difference in all groups, while the interleukin 6 in severe and middle case groups of COVID-19 was high significantly compared with normal and recovered cases groups of COVID-19. Also, the concentration of interleukin 8 was low in the serum of patients infected by a coronavirus in the cases of severe and middle respectively compared with normal cases and recovered cases that healing from coronavirus infection which maybe gives a prediction for disease COVID-19, also showing different concentrations of cytokines in cases of the COVID-19 group than the normal group that may belong to several mechanisms of immunoregulatory detected in cases of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Journal Article
Nanoparticle-mediated enhancement of alkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid production in Datura callus cultures
Datura
, known for its rich pharmacological profile, presents significant potential in producing bioactive compounds. This study investigates the optimization of callus induction using plant growth regulators (PGRs) in
Datura innoxia
and
Datura stramonium
and secondary metabolites (SMs) production from calli treated with aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles. For callus induction, leaf explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Inducted calli were treated with varying concentrations of Al₂O₃ and WO₃ nanoparticles. Data analysis indicated that both PGRs significantly contribute to callus induction in both species. In the case of
Datura innoxia
, the maximum percentage (100%) of callus was achieved in 2,4-D 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L supplemented media 1.5 mg/L TDZ supplemented media. The combinations, 1.0 + 0.5 mg/L, 1.5 + 0.5 mg/L, 0.5 + 1.5 mg/L and 1.0 + 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and TDZ respectively provided the same callusing percentage. On the other hand,
c
showed maximum callus induction (100%) in the media supplemented with only 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D. Phytochemical analysis of the nanoparticles treated calli in both species demonstrated the enhanced production of key alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids compared to the non-treated calli. In terms of alkaloid production, both species showed height production (increment 263% and 283% respectively compared to the controls) with a supplantation of 60 mg/l WO₃. Around 80.8% increment of phenolic compounds was observed in
Datura stramonium
with 60 mg/g WO₃ supplementation. Again, 81.81% higher flavonoids production was observed in
D. innoxia
in response to WO₃. These findings suggest that Al₂O₃ and WO₃ nanoparticles can effectively enhance SMs production in
Datura
spp., offering a novel approach for maximizing the yield of valuable bioactive compounds. This research provides a foundation for the large-scale production of pharmaceutically important compounds from
Datura
through biotechnological interventions using nanoparticle technology.
Key message
This study optimizes callus induction and enhances secondary metabolite production in
Datura innoxia
and
Datura stramonium
using nanoparticles, offering a novel approach for pharmaceutical bioactive compound production.
Journal Article
Internal and external determinants of Iraqi bank profitability
The determinants of bank profitability are very important, as bank profitability significantly affects the economies of countries. This study aims to examine the internal determinants (bank-specific characteristics) and external determinants (macroeconomic factors and government variables) of bank profitability in Iraq. The study uses unbalanced panel data from 18 banks in Iraq for thirteen years, from 2005 to 2017. The relationship is estimated using a fixed effects approach. The study selected 18 conventional banks considering their data availability in the period from 2005 to 2017. Based on the panel data method, the results show that bank size, the equity to total assets and total loans to total assets ratios, GDP growth, and government effectiveness have a significant and positive impact on the profitability of Iraqi banks. Meanwhile, credit risk, inflation, interest rate, unemployment, and political instability have a significant negative influence on bank profitability. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is considered one of the earliest studies of its kind, in which the main factors affecting Iraqi bank profitability are determined. That said, this paper makes a significant contribution to the theoretical literature, the industry, and policymakers, so that the performance of Iraqi conventional banks can be improved. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the support from Ministry of Higher Education in Iraq, University of Kerbala, AL-Furat AL-Awsat Technical University, and Imam AL-Kadhum College for Islamic Studies. Furthermore, we appreciate the support by Prof. Dr. Sivarajasingham Selliah, Assistant Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abrar Ul Haq, and Dr. Mohammed Hasan.
Journal Article
The impact of the capital structure on Iraqi banks’ performance
The current paper aims to investigate the effect of the capital structure on the profitability of a panel of eighteen Iraqi listed banks from 2009 to 2018. Furthermore, the unbalanced panel data approach (fixed effect and random effect) is utilized to explore the influence of capital structure on banks’ profitability. This study’s findings point out that the banks’ performance in terms of return on assets has a significant positive association with equity to assets ratio, liabilities to assets ratio, and bank size. On the other hand, long-term debt to assets ratio, short-term debt to assets ratio, and total debt to assets ratio showed a significant negative effect on banks’ performance. This study highlights new facts for an enhanced understanding of the capital structure and its association with banks’ performance in developing economies like Iraq. This study is considered one of the earliest studies of its types by determining the Iraqi banks’ optimal structure and examining capital structure’s impact on their performance. Nevertheless, the study contributes significantly to theoretical literature, policymakers, and industry so that conventional Iraqi banks can boost their performance.
Journal Article
The Predictors of Mobile Banking Usage: A Systematic Literature Review
Mobile banking has become an essential method to conduct banking transaction. However, number of users worldwide are still limited. The purpose of this study is to review the literature and understand the status of m-banking adoption, usage, and loyalty. Keywords were used to search for related articles in three databases namely, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google scholar. Filtering process was conducted to select the most related articles. This has resulted in reviewing 45 articles. The findings showed that number of articles pertaining to m-banking is increasing. Malaysia and Indonesia have the largest number of articles. The technology acceptance model (TAM) is being used widely in the m-banking literature and most of the reviewed studies are empirical with adequate sample size. This explains the increased usage of structural equation model (SEM). The most critical factors for m-banking adoption, usage, and loyalty are service quality, trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security, risk, privacy, and social influence. Future research is suggested to examine the m-banking in different region and using mediating and moderating variables to explain the variation in the adoption.
Journal Article
Anomaly Detection Using Explainable Random Forest for the Prediction of Undesirable Events in Oil Wells
The worldwide demand for oil has been rising rapidly for many decades, being the first indicator of economic development. Oil is extracted from underneath reservoirs found below land or ocean using oil wells. An offshore oil well is an oil well type where a wellbore is drilled underneath the ocean bed to obtain oil to the surface that demands more stability than other oil wells. The sensors of oil wells generate massive amounts of multivariate time-series data for surveillance engineers to analyze manually and have continuous insight into drilling operations. The manual analysis of data is challenging and time-consuming. Additionally, it can lead to several faulty events that could increase costs and production losses since the engineers tend to focus on the analysis rather than detecting the faulty events. Recently, machine learning (ML) techniques have significantly solved enormous real-time data anomaly problems by decreasing the data engineers’ interaction processes. Accordingly, this study aimed to utilize ML techniques to reduce the time spent manually to establish rules that detect abnormalities in oil wells, leading to rapid and more precise detection. Four ML algorithms were utilized, including random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and decision tree (DT). The dataset used in this study suffers from the class imbalance issue; therefore, experiments were conducted using the original and sampled datasets. The empirical results demonstrated promising outcomes, where RF achieved the highest accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and AUC of 99.60%, 99.64%, 99.91%, 99.77%, and 1.00, respectively, using the sampled data, and 99.84%, 99.91%, 99.91%, 99.91%, and 1.00, respectively, using the original data. Besides, the study employed Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enable surveillance engineers to interpret black box models to understand the causes of abnormalities. The proposed models can be used to successfully identify anomalous events in the oil wells.
Journal Article
Distribution of Keratinophilic Fungi in Soil Across Tunisia: A Descriptive Study and Review of the Literature
Data on the frequency and distribution of keratinophilic fungi in soil of Tunisia are scanty. The present survey aimed to describe the distribution of keratinophilic fungi in soils collected in Tunisia. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated using Vanbreuseghem’s hair-baiting technique from 354 soil samples collected in 15 governorates of Tunisia and identified according to their morphology with further DNA and MALDI-TOF analysis when necessary. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated from 46.3 % of the samples from 14 governorates.
Chrysosporium keratinophilum
was the predominant species (30.5 %) followed by
Microsporum gypseum
(27.4 %). Other isolated species included
C
.
tropicum
(14.0 %),
C
.
indicum
(11.0 %),
Chaetomium
sp. (4.9 %),
Arthroderma curreyi, Arthroderma cuniculi
(3.7 % each),
C
.
merdarium
(3.1 %),
Anixiopsis stercoraria
,
C
.
parvum, Paecilomyces lilacinus
,
Auxarthron zuffianum
(2.4 % each),
Fusarium oxysporum
,
Aphanoascus verrucosus
,
Gymnascella dankaliensis
(1.2 % each) and 12 other species (0.6 % each). Two to five distinct fungal species were associated with 11.5 % of the positive samples. Keratinophilic fungi were more frequently isolated in rural (54.8 %) than in urban (41.1 %) areas (
p
= 0.012). The highest (100 %) positive culture rate was noted in soil collected in stables. Keratinophilic fungi are frequent throughout Tunisian territory, particularly in soils with a high organic matter content that should be regarded as humans and animals mycoses reservoir.
Journal Article
Effect of Coating Using Gelatin, Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Nanoparticles on the Microbial Content of Apple Fruit Samples
The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of composite and edible coatings prepared from gelatin and carboxy methyl cellulose supported by nanoparticles of silver AgNPS and titanium TiO 2 NPs in preserving apple fruit samples, conducting microbial examination for a period of 28 days and evaluating the effectiveness of nanoparticles of silver and titanium as anti-microbial agents. The results of the microbial examination for T3 and T4 treatments showed that there was no growth of bacteria and fungi during the storage period except in the fourth week, a little growth appeared. As for treatment T2, there was an escalating growth of bacteria and fungi in the second, third and fourth week, whereas the T1 Treatment showed that the growth of bacteria and fungi was appeared in the first week, and a significant increase in growth was observed as the storage period progressed until reaching the fourth week. The inhibitory activity of nanoparticles added to the composite coatings that coated with apple samples was evaluated. The results showed that the effectiveness of nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, as the diameter of inhibition area of silver nanoparticles was 9-26 mm while it was 11-17 mm for titanium nanoparticles. As for Escherichia coli bacteria, the results showed that the diameter of inhibition area of silver nanoparticles was 13-29 mm while it was 7-18 mm for titanium nanoparticles. Regarding of Bacillus pumilus bacteria, the results showed that the diameter of inhibition area of silver nanoparticles was 14-30 mm while it was 8-19 mm for titanium nanoparticles. It is noted from the results of the study that the nanoparticles proved to be effective against bacteria that infected apple fruit samples during the storage periods, and the silver nanoparticles were more effective compared with titanium nanoparticles.
Journal Article