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This study investigates the potential of Cicer arietinum extract (CAE) as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to prevent aluminum (Al) corrosion in acidic environments. This study aimed to identify a cost-effective and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for aluminum. The effectiveness of CAE as a novel and environmentally safe inhibiting aluminum corrosion in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was evaluated using weight loss measurements (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology of Al that was corroded in the test solution was further investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis of inhibition efficiency and kinetic data revealed the adsorption mechanism and isotherm type. The advantages of CAE include its non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, ease of preparation, and contain (O, P, and π-Bonds). The experiments showed that adding 150 ppm of CAE at 298 K resulted in an inhibition efficiency of approximately 91.1%. While increasing inhibitor concentration improved protection efficiency, higher temperatures reduced its effectiveness. The calculated low negative values of Gibbs free energy of adsorption (Δ G ad ) (− 23.2, − 22.5, − 21.9, and − 21.7 kJ mol −1 ) from the Langmuir isotherm suggest that CAE adsorbs onto the aluminum surface through a physisorption mechanism. Further electrochemical studies, such as polarization techniques, are recommended to further elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism. The polarization curves suggest that CAE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Applying CAE as a protective inhibitor to metal surfaces can significantly reduce the risk of corrosion in industrial practices. Furthermore, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method determined the quantum chemical parameters. The inhibition mechanism of Al in the aggressive solution was elucidated through a combination of experimental data, DFT calculation, and surface analysis.

For mild steel (MS), Vachellia nilotica leaf extract (VNL) was used as a corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl. Mass loss (ML) and electrochemical methods were used in the inquiry. Increasing the VNL concentration and decreasing the temperature will increase the inhibition efficiency. Electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed that VNL effectively inhibited both cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions. With a good fit, VNL follows the Langmuir isotherm. At 150 ppm, the inhibition efficiency of the VNL inhibitor reaches 91.8% at 298 K. However, it decreased with elevating temperatures and prolonged exposure. A high activation energy (55.1 kJ/mol) for the inhibited solution than that of the blank solution (29.5 kJ/mol) and the free energy of adsorption (-19.3 to -18.4 kJ mol-1) provides evidence for physical adsorption mechanisms in the interaction of the VNL inhibitor with the steel surface. The efficiency of the extract improved with concentration, achieving optimal values of 93.9% (POD) and 92.2% (EIS) at 150 ppm. Furthermore, the negative free energy values confirm the spontaneous nature of this adsorption process. To find out how the VNL inhibitor affected the MS surface, researchers employed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which confirmed the formation of a protective film on the metal surface. Optimized molecular structures of phytochemicals confirmed their inhibitory properties via Quantum chemical calculations (DFT), which showed the molecular inhibitory action of VNL.

This study investigates the translatability of emotiveness in Palestinian revolutionary songs in terms of hyperbole, personification, colloquial terms, tone and mood, and alliteration. To this end, two Palestinian revolutionary songs were chosen, yamma mawil al-hawa and min sijn (ProQuest: ... denotes non-USASCII text omitted.)akka, as they are highly emotive and very popular in the Palestinian culture. The English translation of the two songs was taken from My Voice is My Weapon, a book by David A. McDonald (2013). This study is qualitative and draws upon two theoretical frameworks: (1) Reiss's (1989) text typology theory and (2) Newmark's (1988) communicative theory. The English translations of the randomly chosen verses were carefully compared against the original Arabic verses. The findings show that the translator mostly failed to convey the emotive meaning and effect intended by the authors of the original text, especially concerning the aspects mentioned above of emotiveness. This study emphasizes culture's importance in understanding a literary text's intended meaning.

Background Oreochromis niloticus has great economic value and potential for farming and development. Transportation of fish was done for breeding or trading purpose and it is a challenging aspect of aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transportation in freshwater and brackish water on the resistance of O. niloticus as well as transportation stress mitigation effect of NaCl. Four equal groups were used; each of 50 fish, the 1st group served as the control (P 1), while the 2nd group (PT 2) was transported in water without salt, the 3rd (PT 3) and 4th (PT 4) groups were transported in water containing 5 gL − 1 and 10 gL − 1 salt respectively. PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 were transported for 5 h without any rest or sedative drugs. Results The serum cortisol of O. niloticus significantly increased at 0 h and then decreased at 12 and 24 h post transportation in the PT 2 group and non-significantly increased at all point times in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups comparing to P 1 group. Mucin2 gene (MUC2) expression was non-significantly up regulated in the PT 2 group and down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h comparing with P 1 group, but at 12 and 24 h it was significantly up regulated in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups. The β Defensin-1 (β D1) and 2 (β D2) genes expression was non-significantly down-regulated in the PT 2 group and significantly up regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h., while at 12 and 24 h was significantly down regulated in the PT 2 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups, it significantly down regulated in the PT 2 and PT 3 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 4 group at 24 h. Non-significant up regulation in interleukin − 1β (IL-1β) gene expression was reported in the PT 2 group and non-significant down regulation in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h. However, significant up regulation was recorded in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 12 and 24 h. The Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF–α) gene expression was non-significantly up regulated in the PT 2 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h. However, it was significantly up regulated in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 12 and 24 h. Conclusion The results of this study confirmed the stressful effect of transportation on O. niloticus as well as the transportation stress mitigation effect of NaCl.

The utilization of dual-purpose cereals is encouraged in the Mediterranean environments to fill a feed gap during the winter season. Triticale is a promising dual-purpose crop for forage and grain production. Studies on the variations in productivity and quality of dual-purpose triticale under variable fertilization management are scarce. This study was carried out during winter 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, in Northern Egypt, to evaluate the performance of triticale grown in dual-purpose and grain-only production systems under variable mineral N (mN) rates (zero, 25, 50, 75% of the recommended), accompanied with Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) seed inoculation, as well as 100% mN application without AC. The application of 50% mN with AC seed inoculation resulted in an average of 7.23, 7.27 t ha–1, forage and grain yields, respectively. Moreover, forage and grain crude protein reached 125.57, and 200.60 g kg–1, respectively. Forage fibre fractions were non-significantly variable among the fertilizer treatments. Azotobacter chroococcum seed inoculation, thus, allowed for the reduction of the used amount of mN to 50% without sacrificing the forage and grain yields and protein content. In the dual-purpose system, an average of 7.23 t ha–1 forage yield was obtained with little reduction in the grain yield (19% reduction in average). Meanwhile, grain crude protein content was higher in dual-purpose system (201.38 g kg–1) than in grain-only system (182.98 g kg–1). In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to expand the production of dual-purpose triticale in the winter while reducing mN fertilizer rate to 50% in combination with AC seed inoculation. Highlights - Triticale is a promising dual-purpose crop that can be utilized for forage and grain production under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. - Around 7.23 t ha–1 forage yield was obtained from the dual-purpose triticale with a slight decrease (19% in average) in final grain yield. - Dual-purpose production system was profitable due to the good prices of triticale green forage in the region. - Azotobacter chroococcum seed inoculation allowed for the reduction of mineral nitrogen rate to 50% without sacrificing the forage and grain yields. - The integrated use of Azotobacter chroococcum seed inoculation with mineral nitrogen resulted in 43% decrease in fertilization costs.

Introduction. Asherman syndrome (AS) is a symptomatic intrauterine adhesion caused by endometrial basal layer fibrosis as a result of either uterine cavity surgery or infection leading to many complications. There is a concern to repair the injured tissues by using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). We aimed in this study to develop an animal model of AS and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of BM-MSCs in this model through histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies. Material and methods. Forty-two adult female adult albino rats were divided into (i) donor group composed of 2 rats used for isolation and propagation of BM-MSCs, and (ii) experimental groups: 40 rats equally divided into 4 groups: GpI (control), GpII (AS model), GpIII (BM-MSCs-treated AS rats), GpIV (untreated AS rats). Histological staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) were performed. The results were evaluated by morphometric and statistical analysis. Results. Significant endometrial thinning, fibrosis, and degeneration of the endometrial epithelium with a significant decrease in PCNA and VEGF immunoexpression and a significant increase in NF-kB immunoexpression were detected in GpII and GpIV groups. These changes were substantially reversed in BM-MSCs-treated animals. Conclusions: BM-MSCs treatment resulted in substantial improvement of intrauterine adhesion in the rat model of Asherman syndrome. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2020, Vol. 58, No. 3, 208-218)

Solar cells are considered one of the most important sources of renewable energy and have high economic quality within sustainable development programs. Nanoparticles have higher photoresponsivity than microscopic counterparts due to their increased surface area per unit volume, which considerably lowers charge carrier recombination and scattering. CuO and Cu2O are common transition metal oxides with optical band gaps appropriate for near-infrared detection. They also form a type II heterojunction, which allows for efficient charge separation. In addition to constructing this photodetector, we synthesize CuO:Cu2O composite nanoparticles by laser ablation, fabricate photodetector devices and photoelectric cells and deposit them on porous silicon by drop-casting method to examine photoresponse and specific detectivity. as a solar cell.

Background Chilaiditi syndrome presenting with platypnea is a rare but clinically interesting condition. Platypnea describes breathlessness that worsens in an upright position and improves when lying down. In cases linked to Chilaiditi syndrome, this is often caused by the displacement of the intestines between the liver and diaphragm, which can compress or distort the thoracic cavity, potentially impacting lung function or circulation. Case presentation A 70-year-old Sudanese male known with hypertensive and Benign prostatic hyperplasia on treatment presented to the emergency department with breathlessness in a sitting position of gradual onset with epigastric palpitations, low-grade fever and suprapubic pain with burning micturition and constipation. He had no chest pain, lower limb swelling, or cough, and oxygen saturation was 91% in a supine position and 88% in a sitting position on room air. After proper investigations and imaging the diagnosis of chilaiditi syndrome with platypnea was made. The patient was managed conservatively and discharged in good condition and with proper counseling. Conclusion Chilaiditi syndrome with platypnea is a rare condition. Most cases need no intervention just conservative management, so early recognition of the case limits the unnecessary intervention.

Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a clinical and financial burden, as it is often diagnosed at a later stage. Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutics for treating various types of solid tumours; however, it is a double-edged sword due to its cytotoxic effects. Consequently, we hypothesized that combining cisplatin with melatonin could be effective in treating HCC. Additionally, melatonin may mitigate the severe adverse effects of cisplatin on normal cells through its cellular protection, immunomodulation, and antioxidant activities. Forty male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1( n =  8), negative control group. HCC was induced in 32 rats with diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride injection. Following induction, rats were divided into group 2 (HCC): diseased control; group 3 (HCC-Cis): HCC rats received cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg I.P. once every week for 3 weeks); group 4 (HCC-Melatonin): HCC rats received melatonin in drinking water (20 mg/L for 3 weeks); and group 5 (HCC-Cis-Melatonin; Combined therapy): the HCC rats received both cisplatin and melatonin . HCC group revealed significant elevation in ALT, AST, and AFP associated with increased TNF-α and MDA levels. Hepatic tissue exhibited a significant increase in VEGF, MDM2, COX-2, and miR-155, and a decrease in caspase-3 associated with hepatic damage, ballooning of hepatocytes, and increased BCL-2 and CD68 immunostaining. Although cisplatin was able to induce HCC apoptosis by COX-2 and MDM2/p53/ miR-155 modulation, it aggravated normal hepatocytic damage that was improved by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin and cisplatin co-administration may be a viable strategy to preserve liver function by shielding healthy hepatocytes from the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin.

Stem cell function during organogenesis is a key issue in developmental biology. The transcription factor SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a critical component in a developmental pathway regulating both the specification of the root stem cell niche and the differentiation potential of a subset of stem cells in the Arabidopsis root. To obtain a comprehensive view of the SHR pathway, we used a statistical method called meta-analysis to combine the results of several microarray experiments measuring the changes in global expression profiles after modulating SHR activity. Meta-analysis was first used to identify the direct targets of SHR by combining results from an inducible form of SHR driven by its endogenous promoter, ectopic expression, followed by cell sorting and comparisons of mutant to wild-type roots. Eight putative direct targets of SHR were identified, all with expression patterns encompassing subsets of the native SHR expression domain. Further evidence for direct regulation by SHR came from binding of SHR in vivo to the promoter regions of four of the eight putative targets. A new role for SHR in the vascular cylinder was predicted from the expression pattern of several direct targets and confirmed with independent markers. The meta-analysis approach was then used to perform a global survey of the SHR indirect targets. Our analysis suggests that the SHR pathway regulates root development not only through a large transcription regulatory network but also through hormonal pathways and signaling pathways using receptor-like kinases. Taken together, our results not only identify the first nodes in the SHR pathway and a new function for SHR in the development of the vascular tissue but also reveal the global architecture of this developmental pathway.