Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Although no longer specified within the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, the prevalence of menstrual disturbances among patients with eating disorders is well-documented. However, there is limited research examining patient experiences of amenorrhoea and eating disorders, or addressing how the topic is approached by eating disorder services. This article presents a subgroup analysis of a survivor-led qualitative study, which examined experiences of menstrual health in psychiatric inpatient settings. The study’s main findings remain relevant to eating disorder services, however, this article presents an additional subgroup analysis which identified two themes from participants with experience of inpatient eating disorder services. Methods Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data generated through questionnaires with staff and people with lived experience of inpatient settings and interviews with people with lived experience. An additional subgroup analysis was conducted to further explore the experiences which were specific to the eating disorder context. Results Three interviewees, 13 lived experience and two staff questionnaire respondents had experience related to eating disorder services. Eating disorder services were reported to place significant emphasis on the menstrual cycle as a marker of health, informing patient meal plans and weight targets. However, the emotional impact of managing the return of menstruation, and its significance within the context of their eating disorder, was not adequately addressed. Invasive practices of forcing patients to display used menstrual products to staff, as evidence of their menstruation, were reported. Conclusions The menstrual cycle is an important consideration in the treatment of patients with eating disorders, however, this should extend beyond monitoring the presence or absence of menstrual cycles to consider a more holistic perspective of menstrual health. This should include provision of information; how menstrual and gynaecological conditions may interact with someone’s eating disorder; and addressing psychological and emotional needs related to menstruation in eating disorder treatment and recovery. Further research is needed to understand these experiences in greater depth. Plain english summary The loss of menstrual periods was once considered a criterion for anorexia. Although this has been removed from the diagnostic criteria, it remains important to consider menstruation for patients with eating disorders (who menstruate or would be expected to menstruate). However, there is a lack of research which considers the experiences of loss and resumption of periods for people with eating disorders, or how this is addressed by eating disorder services. This article reports a subgroup analysis – an analysis conducted on a subsection of participants within a larger study – of experiences of menstruation in eating disorder inpatient settings in England. Data was collected through interviews with patients and questionnaire completed by staff and patients. A process called thematic analysis was used to identify two themes which reflected the participants experiences. The research was conducted by a researcher with experience of the subject matter. This research highlighted that periods were closely monitored as a measure of health and used to inform treatment and weight targets. This was reported to lead to intrusive practices like making patients show staff their period blood on pads or underwear as proof of their period. Despite the focus on menstruation, patients were not adequately supported with the emotional impact of the return of their periods. Although it is important to consider periods as part of assessment of patients’ health, this should extend beyond considering the presence or absence of menstruation to understand any other menstrual disorders and the psychological experiences. More research is needed to better understand experiences of menstruation and eating disorders.

Objectives. We explored the relationship of community-engaged research final approval type (tribal government, health board, or public health office (TG/HB); agency staff or advisory board; or individual or no community approval) with governance processes, productivity, and perceived outcomes. Methods. We identified 294 federally funded community-engaged research projects in 2009 from the National Institutes of Health’s Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Research Centers, and Native American Research Centers for Health databases. Two hundred (68.0%) investigators completed a survey about governance processes and productivity measures; 312 partners (77.2% of 404 invited) and 138 investigators (69.0% of 200 invited) completed a survey about perceived outcomes. Results. Projects with TG/HB approval had increased likelihood of community control of resources (odds ratios [ORs] ≥ 4.80). Projects with other approvals had decreased likelihood of development or revision of institutional review board policies (ORs ≤ 0.37), having written agreements (ORs ≤ 0.17), and agreements about publishing (ORs ≤ 0.28), data use (ORs ≤ 0.17), and publishing approval (ORs ≤ 0.14). Conclusions. Community-engaged research projects with TG/HB approval had strong stewardship of project resources and agreements. Governance as stewardship protects community interests; thus, is an ethical imperative for communities, especially native communities, to adopt.

Background Reducing neonatal mortality is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.2. In Tanzania and other low- and middle-income countries, many babies are born at home or in primary health care settings without access to weighing scales. Other anthropometric measurements apart from weight may serve as effective surrogates for identifying low birth weight (LBW) infants and prioritizing them for care. Objectives This study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of four anthropometric measurements chest circumference (CHC), occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), foot length (FL), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and determine the optimal cut-off values for detecting LBW infants. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal unit at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Newborns admitted within 24 h of birth were enrolled. A total of 471 newborns had CHC, OFC, FL, MUAC, and birth weight (BW) measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient assessed the relationship between these measurements and birth weight. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off points. Results Of 471 newborns, 52.2% were female. The mean birth weight was 2639 g (SD = 851), with 43.1% (203) classified as LBW. A strong positive correlation of 0.90 was found between CHC and BW ( p  < 0.01), followed by OFC (0.82, p  < 0.01). ROC analysis showed CHC (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI 0.97–0.98) and OFC (AUC = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96) as the most reliable indicators for detecting LBW. The optimal cut-off values were ≤ 29.45 cm for CHC and ≤ 32.9 cm for OFC. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that CHC with a cutoff ≤29.45 cm and OFC with a cutoff  ≤ 32.9 cm has higher sensitivity and specificity for predicting low birth weight among neonates compared to FL or MUAC, indicating greater accuracy in detecting LBW in Tanzania. Our findings apply specifically to LBW newborns; we did not classify IUGR or SGA separately, and further studies are required to validate these cut-offs in those populations.

On our return, I remember the most popular question we were asked was \"How were the roads?\" Winnipeg school principal Sydney A. Campbell and his family travelled with us in their trusty 1916 Dodge touring car which went the whole trip. The roads were graded and there was the occasional stretch of light gravel, and still, at no time were we out of sight of the CPR main line. Alas, they did not have a car so they directed us to the next ranch: \"The one with the white house and red barn!\" We received our directions and found we were only about eight miles from Piapot, but with the rolling hills, the town (like most CPR towns) was situated in a lower spot. [...]it was the beginning of the three humps up and down until we got to Osoyoos at the very south end of the Okanagan Valley.

ما العلاقة بين الإسلام واليهودية ؟ هل هناك مشتركات تأسيسية ؟ هل حقا ثمة اقتباس واستعارة ؟ هل كان ذلك-إن وجد-ممكنا ومتاحا ؟ دراسة مثيرة يقوم بها المؤلف بحثا عن الصلات المشتركة بين الدينين وهي، في الوقت نفسه، جزء من الصورة التي يرى فيها الآخر الدين الإسلامي، صورة عن الصراع الفكري والمعرفي بين الأديان والذي لا يقل احتدامه عن الحروب والصراعات المسلحة التي غطت المنطقة بسبب التعصب وعدم تقبل الاختلاف.

Sexual dimorphism significantly impacts the lacrimal gland’s structure, function, and ageing processes, playing an important role in dry eye disease (DED) pathophysiology. This multifactorial disorder, characterised by tear film instability, inflammation, and visual impairment, disproportionately affects women, especially after menopause. It highlights the interplay between sex steroid hormones, lacrimal gland function, and environmental factors. Systemic and local androgens are vital for maintaining lacrimal gland health and tear production, while the role of oestrogens remains less clear. Evidence suggests dose and context-dependent effects on inflammation and glandular function. Histopathological and molecular studies reveal significant sex differences in the lacrimal gland, with women exhibiting more pronounced age-related degenerative changes, including fibrosis and acinar atrophy, contributing to their increased susceptibility to DED. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms connecting sex steroid hormones, receptor expression, and local tissue regulation to these disparities remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further research. This review synthesises the current knowledge of sex-specific differences in the lacrimal gland, emphasising the importance of integrating systemic and local biomarkers, histological data, and molecular insights into personalised therapeutic strategies. By tailoring treatments to patients’ unique hormonal and molecular profiles, personalised medicine has the potential to transform DED management, addressing unmet clinical needs and improving outcomes.