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"Hauser, Stuart T"
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Adolescence and beyond : family processes and development
\"Offers an accessible synthesis of research, theories, and perspectives on the family processes that contribute to development. Chapters from expert researchers cover a wide variety of topics surrounding the link between family processes and individual development, including adolescent romantic relationships, emotion regulation, resilience in contexts of risk, and socio-cultural and ethnic influences on development. Presents cutting-edge conceptual and empirical work on the key developmental tasks and challenges in the transition between adolescence and adulthood. Researchers, practitioners, and students in social, developmental, and clinical psychology--as well as those in social work, psychiatry, and pediatrics--will find this book an invaluable summary of important research on the link between family process and individual development\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Longitudinal assessment of autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-family interactions as predictors of adolescent ego development and self-esteem
This study examined links between processes of establishing autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-family interactions and adolescents' psychosocial development. Adolescents in 2-parent families and their parents were observed in a revealed-differences interaction task when adolescents were 14, and adolescents' ego development and self-esteem were assessed at both 14 and 16. Developmental indices were strongly related to autonomy and relatedness displayed by both parents and adolescents. Significant variance was explained even after accounting for the number and quality of speeches of each family member as rated by a different, well-validated family coding system. Increases in adolescents' ego development and self-esteem over time were predicted by fathers' behaviors challenging adolescents' autonomy and relatedness, but only when these occurred in the context of fathers' overall display of autonomous-relatedness with the adolescent. The importance of the mutually negotiated process of adolescents' exploration from the secure base of parental relationships is discussed.
Journal Article
Overcoming Adversity in Adolescence: Narratives of Resilience
Our overarching goal is to understand the unfolding of resilient development. Our person-based approach is based on a follow-back design, enabling us to examine previously recorded adolescent clinical and adult attachment interviews of now-competent young adults who experienced significant adversity during their adolescent years.
In their adolescent years, these young adults encountered three serious misfortunes. Between 13 and 16 years old (middle adolescence) they were sent to live in a psychiatric hospital, from 2 to 12 months. Their physical home ties with their parents and community friends were abruptly severed, as they lived full-time in High Valley Hospital. In addition, experiencing a serious psychiatric disorder leading to hospitalization, regardless of how time limited, can markedly change the experience of self, often leading to lowered self-regard and lowered personal competence. The label of psychiatric patient is made even more indelible by living in a psychiatric hospital. Their third serious misfortune was trauma. Many of the young adults previously reported serious child and adolescent physical abuse at the hands of immediate family members or other close relatives. Using a profile definition (ego development levels, attachment coherence, close relationships, and social competence), we identified nine young adults who were now functioning in the upper 50th percentile of all former patients and same age high school nonpatient adolescents. After being identified, our intensive study of the narratives embedded in earlier interviews revealed key themes for these resilient young adults-including agency, reflectiveness, relationship recruiting-differentiating them from contrasting young adults, who were also former patients. We illustrate these differences through narratives of two resilient young adults.
Journal Article
Longitudinal Assessment of Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescent-Family Interactions as Predictors of Adolescent Ego Development and Self-Esteem
This study examined links between processes of establishing autonomy and relatedness in adolescent‐family interactions and adolescents' psychosocial development. Adolescents in 2‐parent families and their parents were observed in a revealed‐differences interaction task when adolescents were 14, and adolescents' ego development and self‐esteem were assessed at both 14 and 16. Developmental indices were strongly related to autonomy and relatedness displayed by both parents and adolescents. Significant variance was explained even after accounting for the number and quality of speeches of each family member as rated by a different, well‐validated family coding system. Increases in adolescents' ego development and self‐esteem over time were predicted by fathers' behaviors challenging adolescents' autonomy and relatedness, but only when these occurred in the context of fathers' overall display of autonomous‐relatedness with the adolescent. The importance of the mutually negotiated process of adolescents' exploration from the secure base of parental relationships is discussed.
Journal Article
Continuity and Change from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: Adolescence-limited vs. Life-course-persistent Profound Ego Development Arrests
Participants (n = 36) with consistent Pre-conformist ego development levels during multiple adolescent assessments were studied to determine whether and how their ego levels had changed at age 25. Those (n = 12) whose ego levels remained at the Pre-conformist level were assigned to a life-course-persistent profound ego development arrest trajectory group; those (n = 24) whose ego levels reached the Conformist or Post-conformist level at age 25 were assigned to an adolescence-limited profound ego development arrest trajectory group. Analysis of predictors and age 25 correlates of group membership revealed that selected age 14 family interaction behaviors differentiated the two groups. At age 25, members of the adolescence-limited group showed superior performance on several measures of interpersonal and intrapersonal functioning.
Journal Article
Adolescents' behavior in the presence of interparental hostility: Developmental and emotion regulatory influences
Within-family covariation between interparental hostility and
adolescent behavior across three interactions over a 2-year period was
explored in a sample that included 37 typical adolescents and 35
adolescents recently hospitalized for psychiatric difficulties. More
interparental hostility across the three interactions was associated with
more adolescent hostility and more positive engagement (at a
trend level) regardless of psychiatric background. Parent-to-child
hostility in each interaction mediated the link for adolescent hostility
but not for positive adolescent engagement. Emotion regulation capacities
and age were linked to variability in adolescents' behavior in the
presence of interparental conflict. In interactions with more
interparental hostility, adolescents with greater capacity to tolerate
negative affect were more likely to show increased positive engagement,
and adolescents who were better able to modulate their emotional
expression were less likely to show increased hostility. Covariation
between interparental and adolescent hostility across the three family
interactions decreased as the adolescent aged. These findings are
consistent with the theory that exposure to interparental hostility is
emotionally disequilibrating, and that adolescent responses may reflect
differences in emotion regulation and other developmentally based
capacities. Gender and variations across families in overall levels of
hostile parenting were also linked with adolescent behavior in the
presence of interparental hostility.This
research was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institute of
Mental Health (RO1 MH 4493). The authors thank J. Heidi
Gralinski–Bakker and Rebecca Billings for their valuable assistance
with this research.
Journal Article
Ego Development and Psychosocial Functioning in Young Adults With and Without Psychiatric History
Ego development has been associated with positive outcomes, namely, with a better psychosocial adjustment and establishment of satisfactory relationships. However, ego development and psychosocial functioning are independent domains and a developed ego does not guarantee successful adaptation. Moreover, it is not clear whether ego development differentially influences psychosocial functioning in clinical and normative samples. The present study investigated the impact of ego development on the psychosocial functioning of young adults with (high-risk) and without (normative) psychiatric history. Results show an association between those two variables, especially strong for the high-risk group. High-risk individuals with successful psychosocial functioning exhibited levels of ego development more similar to those of normative young adults than to those of the remaining high-risk individuals. Moreover, as predicted, ego development mediated the relationship between psychiatric history and psychosocial functioning. Further support was found for the protective role of ego development, especially for individuals with psychiatric history.
Journal Article
Psychological adjustment to IDDM: 10-year follow-up of an onset cohort of child and adolescent patients
Psychological adjustment to IDDM: 10-year follow-up of an onset cohort of child and adolescent patients.
A M Jacobson ,
S T Hauser ,
J B Willett ,
J I Wolfsdorf ,
R Dvorak ,
L Herman and
M de Groot
Department of Psychiatry, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ajacobso@joslin.harvard.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychological adjustment of young adults with IDDM in comparison with similarly aged individuals
without chronic illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An onset cohort of young adults (n = 57), ages 19-26 years, who have
been followed over a 10-year period since diagnosis, was compared with a similarly aged group of young adults identified at
the time of a moderately severe, acute illness (n = 54) and followed over the same 10-year period. The groups were assessed
at 10-year follow-up in terms of 1) sociodemographic indices (e.g., schooling, employment, delinquent activities, drug use),
2) psychiatric symptoms, and 3) perceived competence. In addition, IDDM patients were examined for longitudinal change in
adjustment to diabetes. RESULTS: The groups differed only minimally in terms of sociodemographic indices, with similar rates
of high school graduation, post-high school education, employment, and drug use. The IDDM group reported fewer criminal convictions
and fewer non-diabetes-related illness episodes than the comparison group. There were no differences in psychiatric symptoms.
However, IDDM patients reported lower perceived competence, with specific differences found on the global self-worth, sociability,
physical appearance, being an adequate provider, and humor subscales. The IDDM patients reported improving adjustment to their
diabetes over the course of the 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the young adults with IDDM appeared to be as psychologically
well adjusted as the young adults without a chronic illness. There were, however, indications of lower self-esteem in the
IDDM patients that could either portend or predispose them to risk for future depression or other difficulties in adaptation.
Journal Article