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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of appraisals in three stressor–well-being relationships: (1) the mediating role of challenge appraisals in the relationship between daily skill demands and daily work engagement, (2) the mediating role of hindrance appraisals in the relationship between daily interruptions and daily depletion and (3) the mediating role of threat appraisals in the relationship between daily emotional demands and daily anxiety. We also examined the moderating influence of conscientiousness on the daily skill demands–challenge appraisal relationship, the moderating role of extraversion on the daily interruptions–hindrance appraisal relationship and the moderating influence of neuroticism on the daily emotional demands–threat appraisal relationship. Supplemental analyses also examined the moderating influence of the aforementioned personality traits on the respective direct effects of stressors on well-being outcomes.Design/methodology/approachWe tested our hypotheses using a 5-days experience sampling design in a sample of 114 working adults and employed multilevel modeling.FindingsAll hypothesized mediating mechanisms were supported, however, the majority of moderation hypotheses were not supported.Originality/valueWe sought to extend the relatively recent advancement in the challenge–hindrance framework to provide additional evidence of the utility of distinguishing between challenge, hindrance and threat stressors. Although not supported, this is the one of the first papers to test the moderating influence of personality traits on the stressor–appraisal relationship.

The current study aimed to test how workload, via workaholism, impacts job performance along with the complex interplay of perfectionistic concerns and work engagement in this mediated relationship. A two-wave, first and second stage dual-moderated mediation model was tested in an SEM framework. Results based on a sample of 208 workers revealed a complex and nuanced relationship among the studied constructs, such that the simple mediation model was not significant, but the indirect effect was negative, nonsignificant, or positive conditional on both moderators. The results offer interesting theoretical and practical implications for future studies to be conducted in this area of research. In particular, lower levels of perfectionistic concerns were associated with a positive relationship between workload and workaholism, and lower levels of work engagement were related to a negative link between workaholism and job performance. Findings suggest work engagement should be monitored and promoted by managers, especially when workload, and consequently, the possible risk of workaholism, cannot be avoided.

Work passion research most frequently utilizes the dualistic model of passion, which asserts two types of passion that differ based on the internalization of passion into one’s identity: harmonious (adaptive) and obsessive (maladaptive) passion. While interest in work passion is exponentially increasing, scholars have recently pointed out concerns regarding the content validity of the most commonly used measure of the dualistic model of work passion, The Passion Scale. To address these questions, we conduct a content validation of The Passion Scale employing recent best practices in content validation research. Specifically, we examine the degree of content validity of the focal constructs (i.e., the facets of work passion), as well as the distinctiveness of the focal constructs from orbiting constructs (i.e., related but conceptually and empirically distinct constructs), such as work engagement and workaholism. The findings of this research highlight several areas for improvement regarding the content validity of The Passion Scale. Additionally, we include a pool of sample items that could be used to create a revised scale. Implications and future directions for work passion research are discussed.

Rationale and objectivesAdenosine signaling through adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) is known to influence cocaine-induced behaviors. These studies sought to elucidate how two A2AR antagonists distinguished by their antagonist effects at presynaptic and postsynaptic A2AR influence cocaine-induced locomotion and cocaine seeking.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were used to assess the differential effects of SCH 442416 and istradefylline that antagonize presynaptic and postsynaptic A2AR, respectively. We evaluated the effects of these antagonists on both basal and cocaine-induced locomotion in cocaine-naïve rats and rats that received seven daily cocaine treatments. The effects of SCH 442416 or istradefylline on cocaine seeking were measured in animals extinguished from cocaine self-administration. We assessed the effects of the A2AR antagonists to induce cocaine seeking when administered alone and their effects on cocaine seeking induced by a cocaine-priming injection. Lastly, we evaluated the effects of the antagonists on sucrose seeking in animals extinguished from sucrose self-administration.ResultsNeither istradefylline nor SCH 442416 significantly altered basal locomotion. Istradefylline enhanced acute cocaine-induced locomotion but had no effect on the expression of locomotor sensitization. SCH 44216 had no effect on acute cocaine-induced locomotion but inhibited the expression of locomotor sensitization. Istradefylline was sufficient to induce cocaine seeking and augmented both cocaine-induced seeking and sucrose seeking. SCH 442416 inhibited cocaine-induced seeking, but had no effect on sucrose seeking and did not induce cocaine seeking when administered alone.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate differential effects of two A2AR antagonists distinguished by their effects at pre- and postsynaptic A2AR on cocaine-induced behaviors.

With nearly a fifth of the workforce potentially suffering from workaholism, our understanding of how workaholism manifests and potentially inhibits well-being and health improving processes is still limited. In the current study, we examined the relationship between workaholism and mindfulness to inform future research on the relations between specific components of these constructs. We hypothesized that all workaholism dimensions would significantly negatively correlate with all mindfulness facets and explored the relative importance of each workaholism dimension in the prediction of mindfulness facets. Results based on a sample of 206 full-time workers living in the United States provided partial support for our hypothesis. Approximately half of the correlations between workaholism dimensions and mindfulness facets were statistically significant. Hierarchical multiple regression and relative weights analysis revealed the cognitive and motivational dimensions of workaholism were significantly related to four of the five mindfulness facets (all except describing), with the motivational dimension exhibiting positive relationships with the mindfulness facets. The emotional dimension was significantly related to only the nonjudging of inner experiences facet of mindfulness. Future directions for identifying aspects of workaholism that may be problematic for experiencing mindfulness are discussed. Future studies should address temporal and causal relationships between workaholism and mindfulness.

Tis doctorate explicates the dynamic relationship between architecture and the city. Drawing upon Aldo Rossi’s theories, it argues that architectural artifacts and Study Areas—urban areas with identifiable characteristics—are mutually interdependent in the ongoing transformation of the city.Taking as its subject the central island of Berlin—the ‘Spreeinsel’—it first identifies, then explains typological innovations that have caused urban transformations to the ‘Hauptstadt’.1 It accordingly presents a genealogy of the city’s present-day condition, examining the trajectory of the Study Area from the enclave of royal residence in the s to its current iteration as Berlin’s cultural heart. In the intermediary, it assesses Schinkel’s transformation of the island through the opening of the Altes Museum and his other associated cityscape improvements; the GDR’s postwar reorientation of the islands’ central void spaces towards the east; and the present-day resurrection of the former Berliner Schloß and the implementation of the Museumsinsel Masterplan, each as key moments of alteration.Te thesis focuses on the immanent potential of architecture itself, held autonomously by its conventions, objects, and concepts (collectively, that which comprises its 'material'), advocating that architecture’s spatiality has its own reasoning propagated by typology, which operates irrespectively of dialectics beyond its disciplinary frontiers. A logic is developed based on Primary Elements—key urban artifacts which interact with the city’s development in a permanent way—and their instrumentality in propagating change in the city. Typology’s exploitation of persistence is inherently linked to structuring the urban condition, and architecture therefore is considered to have an effect across time, and an area much wider than its immediate envelope. Accordingly, the focus shifts from theory to practice: from what architecture means, to what architecture does; its consequences, effects, and an examination of its potential for transformation.Reasoning fundamental instances of urban alteration, exonerates this research from mere historiographical account—that is, an investigation of period or style, or expression of society’s needs through time. Instead, it is an analysis that foregrounds typology as architecture’s ultimate process of reasoning and its under-explored role in the evolution of the city.Type’s agency is reasoned to be held in the characteristics of relations between Study Area and architecture, rather than the architectural object itself, constituting the agent of change and the locus of innovation.

#RiseAndGrind and #HustleCulture are pervasive in American culture. Extreme work hours and toil glamour are badges of honor among the young workforce. While some popular press has begun to condemn this trend, pointing to negative consequences on health and well-being, scientific evidence on the phenomenon is scarce. In this dissertation, I examine overwork climate as a proximal representation of the hustle culture zeitgeist displayed within organizations. Drawing on an occupational stressor framework, I theorize how overwork climate can have negative downstream consequences, influencing changes in well-being and organizational cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. Moreover, taking a person–environment interactional approach, I theorize and test unique and joint effects based on how the employee appraises overwork climate as a stressor. Finally, I explore an insidious pathway of overwork climate through an internalization of these overwork values in the form of increases in workaholism and, subsequently, changes in key outcomes. Results generally support the need to explore appraisal of overwork climate as a stressor to see expected relationships between overwork climate, workaholism, well-being, and organizational outcomes. I use a longitudinal, within-person design to capture individual changes in workaholism, well-being, and organizational outcomes stemming from overwork climate and stressor appraisals. In doing so, I make several theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions to the occupational health, applied psychology, and management sciences.

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder affecting millions of people. No effective treatment exists for psychostimulant use disorder, stressing the importance to investigate underlying mechanisms mediating this disorder. Psychostimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine (MA) impact behavior by modulating neurotransmitter signaling systems in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In this region, converging dopamine and glutamate signals interact with receptors to influence cellular functioning. The neuromodulator, adenosine, has received attention regarding its ability to affect both dopamine and glutamate signaling through converging intracellular signaling associated with metabotropic receptor proteins. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) and dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) are two receptors expressed in the striatal and cortical areas, respectively, that are hypothesized to influence psychostimulant-induced behavior. A series of experiments were designed to investigate how D4Rs and subpopulations of A2ARs influenced psychostimulant-induced behavior. The results show that specific activation or blockade of D4Rs decrease locomotor activity but that this reduction disappears when D4Rs are activated or antagonized prior to psychostimulant treatments. Unlike D4Rs that have a complicated role in psychostimulant-induced behaviors, A2AR activity in the NAc has been directly implicated in affecting these behaviors. We show that pretreatments with two A2AR antagonists previously shown to block pre- and postsynaptic A2ARs resulted in distinct drug-induced locomotor activity. These behaviors differed between cocaine and MA such that the presynaptic A2AR antagonist, SCH 442416, blunted the expression of cocaine sensitization, while pretreatments of the postsynaptic A2AR antagonist, KW 6002, augmented locomotor activity only prior to acute cocaine or MA. The mechanisms underlying these observed behaviors were also investigated and suggest that these effects were mediated in a NAc-independent manner. These experiments suggest that presynaptic A2ARs may be a viable pharmacotherapeutic target for treating cocaine addiction.

The geological and hydrological contexts of the Wakulla River Drainage Basin may present the conditions needed to host potentially significant archaeological deposits associated with intact stratigraphy. To date, there is no in-depth study of submerged and nearshore sites or geologic features where sites could be found in this drainage basin. Submerged karst features and their associated archaeological sites dating to the Paleoindian and Archaic periods in this region appear to be the only geologic features that contain secure stratigraphic sequences and the conditions required for organic preservation (Halligan 2019). Organic preservation at submerged karst features is important in these contexts for radiocarbon dating sites, as well as preserving more and different types of cultural materials from past peoples than can be found in terrestrial sites in the region.By applying LiDAR mapping, GIS layers and tools, and other modern geoarchaeological approaches to known sites and newly identified areas of interest, this thesis compiles and synthesizes what we know of the submerged landscape in this drainage basin. This thesis presents a localized model for assessing the parameters in which archaeological deposits might exist within one of Florida’s numerous rivers. This approach could be utilized by appropriate researchers, land management agencies, and other stakeholders across Florida’s karstic rivers with submerged archaeological site potential to successfully implement long-term management and research objectives.

The job demands–resources model is utilized to explore the mechanisms through which perceptions of organizational culture have both positive and negative effects on employee well-being and organizational outcomes. Specifically, I examine how perceptions of a market organizational culture influence: 1) withdrawal cognitions through job demands and psychological and physical strain; and 2) job performance through job resources and affective-motivational states. Data come from an archival dataset with a total of 1,495 employees from 21 sites in the southern district of a “big box” retailer. Results provide strong support for perceptions of a market organizational culture positively influencing job performance through the motivational process outlined. Results for perceptions of a market organizational culture affecting turnover intention through the health impairment process are less robust. This study contributes to organizational culture and occupational health literatures by answering calls to explore individual experiences of organizational culture and expanding previous frameworks.