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"He, Fei"
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Photocatalytic air purification mimicking the self-cleaning process of the atmosphere
Photocatalytic air purification is a promising technology that mimics nature’s photochemical process, but its practical applications are still limited despite considerable research efforts in recent decades. Here, we briefly discuss the progress and challenges associated with this technology.
Journal Article
Mold breakout prediction in slab continuous casting based on combined method of GA-BP neural network and logic rules
Given advantages of artificial intelligent technology, the genetic algorithm (GA) and back propagation (BP) neural network is used to construct time series model for recognizing temperature change waveform of single thermocouple in mold breakout process. Based on breakout mechanism, the logic rules are used to construct spatial model of multi-thermocouples for identifying two-dimensional (2D) propagation behavior of the sticker. Time series model based on GA-BP neural network and spatial model based on logic rules form a new breakout prediction method. And the simulation and field test of this method are carried out for validating its performance. Simulation results of time series model show that the GA-BP neural network has better recognition precision than BP neural network for sticking temperature pattern of single thermocouple. And simulation results of spatial model show that it can predict all stickers accurately and timely, with no missed alarm and false alarm. Furthermore, field test results show that this breakout prediction method has detection ratio of 100% and a lower false alarm frequency (0.1365% times/heat), which is better than actual breakout prediction system used in continuous casting production. So the combined method of GA-BP neural network and logic rules is feasible and effective in breakout prediction and can be used in more intelligently industrial process.
Journal Article
Tet-Mediated Formation of 5-Carboxylcytosine and Its Excision by TDG in Mammalian DNA
The prevalent DNA modification in higher organisms is the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is partially converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) family of dioxygenases. Despite their importance in epigenetic regulation, it is unclear how these cytosine modifications are reversed. Here, we demonstrate that 5mC and 5hmC in DNA are oxidized to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) by Tet dioxygenases in vitro and in cultured cells. 5caC is specifically recognized and excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). Depletion of TDG in mouse embyronic stem cells leads to accumulation of 5caC to a readily detectable level. These data suggest that oxidation of 5mC by Tet proteins followed by TDG-mediated base excision of 5caC constitutes a pathway for active DNA demethylation.
Journal Article
Self-wetting triphase photocatalysis for effective and selective removal of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds in air
Photocatalytic air purification is widely regarded as a promising technology, but it calls for more efficient photocatalytic materials and systems. Here we report a strategy to introduce an in-situ water (self-wetting) layer on WO
3
by coating hygroscopic periodic acid (PA) to dramatically enhance the photocatalytic removal of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. In ambient air, water vapor is condensed on WO
3
to make a unique tri-phasic (air/water/WO
3
) system. The in-situ formed water layer selectively concentrates hydrophilic VOCs. PA plays the multiple roles as a water-layer inducer, a surface-complexing ligand enhancing visible light absorption, and a strong electron acceptor. Under visible light, the photogenerated electrons are rapidly scavenged by periodate to produce more •OH. PA/WO
3
exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for acetaldehyde degradation with an apparent quantum efficiency of 64.3% at 460 nm, which is the highest value ever reported. Other hydrophilic VOCs like formaldehyde that are readily dissolved into the in-situ water layer on WO
3
are also rapidly degraded, whereas hydrophobic VOCs remain intact during photocatalysis due to the “water barrier effect”. PA/WO
3
successfully demonstrated an excellent capacity for degrading hydrophilic VOCs selectively in wide-range concentrations (0.5−700 ppmv).
Photocatalytic air purification is promising but it calls for more efficient photocatalytic materials and systems. Here, the authors report a strategy to introduce an in-situ water layer on WO
3
by coating hygroscopic periodic acid that effectively remove hydrophilic volatile organic compounds.
Journal Article
Real-Time Reconstruction of the Temperature Field of NSRT's Back-Up Structure Based on Improved RIME-XGBoost
Obtaining an antenna's back-up structure (BUS) temperature field is an essential prerequisite for analyzing its thermal deformation. Thermodynamic simulation can obtain the structure's thermal distribution, but it has low computational accuracy. There is a problem with cumbersome wiring and difficult maintenance of the temperature measurement system. This study developed an improved RIME-XGBoost model to realize the temperature prediction of the BUS of the Nanshan 26-m Radio Telescope (NSRT). The proposed model successfully predicts the NSRT's BUS temperature distribution based solely on environmental sensing (ambient temperature, angle of solar radiation, antenna's orientation, etc.). The relative prediction accuracy between the predicted and actual BUS temperature is 97.15%, and the predictive error is less than 0.897 K (root mean square error, RMSE). This research result provides an alternative method for the real-time reconstruction of the structure's thermal distribution in large-aperture radio telescopes.
Journal Article
Chronic colitis exacerbates NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in middle-aged brain
Background
Neuroinflammation is a major driver of age-related brain degeneration and concomitant functional impairment. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of age-related dementia, factors that enhance neuroinflammation may exacerbate disease progression, in part by impairing the glymphatic system responsible for clearance of pathogenic beta-amyloid. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) induce neuroinflammation and exacerbate cognitive impairment in the elderly. The NACHT-LRR and pyrin (PYD) domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in neuroinflammation. Therefore, we examined if the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in an aging mouse model of IBD.
Methods
Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6J and NLRP3
knockout
(KO) mice received 1% wt/vol dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to model IBD. Colitis induction was confirmed by histopathology. Exploratory behavior was examined in the open field, associative memory by the novel-object recognition and Morris water maze tests, glymphatic clearance by in vivo two-photon imaging, and neuroinflammation by immunofluorescence and western blotting detection of inflammatory markers.
Results
Administration of DSS induced colitis, impaired spatial and recognition memory, activated microglia, and increased A1-like astrocyte numbers. In addition, DSS treatment impaired glymphatic clearance, aggravated amyloid plaque accumulation, and induced neuronal loss in the cortex and hippocampus. These neurodegenerative responses were associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression and accumulation of gut-derived T lymphocytes along meningeal lymphatic vessels. Conversely, NLRP3 depletion protected against cognitive dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurological damage induced by DSS.
Conclusions
Colitis can exacerbate age-related neuropathology, while suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activity may protect against these deleterious effects of colitis.
Journal Article
Interpretable flash flood susceptibility mapping in Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin using H2O Auto-ML
Flash flood susceptibility mapping is essential for identifying areas prone to flooding events and aiding decision-makers in formulating effective prevention measures. This study aims to evaluate the flash flood susceptibility in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB) using multiple machine learning (ML) models facilitated by the H2O automated ML platform. The best-performing model was used to generate a flash flood susceptibility map, and its interpretability was analyzed using the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) tree interpretation method. The results revealed that the top four models, including both single and ensemble models, demonstrated high accuracy in the tests. The flash flood susceptibility map generated by the best-performing eXtreme Randomized Trees (XRT) model showed that 8.92%, 12.95%, 15.42%, 31.34%, and 31.37% of the study area exhibited very high, high, moderate, low, and very low flash flood susceptibility, respectively, with approximately 74.9% of the historical flash floods occurring in areas classified as moderate to very high susceptibility. The SHAP plot identified topographic factors as the primary drivers of flash floods, with the importance analysis ranking the most influential factors in such descending order as DEM, topographic wetness index, topographic position index, normalized difference vegetation index, and average multi-year precipitation. This study demonstrates the benefits of interpretable machine learning, which can provide guidance for flash flood mitigation.
Journal Article
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III) reduction catalyzed by a lithoautotrophic nitrate-reducing iron(II) oxidizing enrichment culture
The last two decades have seen nitrogen/iron-transforming bacteria at the forefront of new biogeochemical discoveries, such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to ferric iron reduction (feammox) and lithoautotrophic nitrate-reducing ferrous iron-oxidation (NRFeOx). These emerging findings continue to expand our knowledge of the nitrogen/iron cycle in nature and also highlight the need to re-understand the functional traits of the microorganisms involved. Here, as a proof-of-principle, we report compelling evidence for the capability of an NRFeOx enrichment culture to catalyze the feammox process. Our results demonstrate that the NRFeOx culture predominantly oxidizes NH4+ to nitrogen gas, by reducing both chelated nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-Fe(III) and poorly soluble Fe(III)-bearing minerals (γ-FeOOH) at pH 4.0 and 8.0, respectively. In the NRFeOx culture, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria of Rhodanobacter and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria of unclassified_Acidobacteriota coexisted. Their relative abundances were dynamically regulated by the supplemented iron sources. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the NRFeOx culture contained a complete set of denitrifying genes along with hao genes for ammonium oxidation. Additionally, numerous genes encoding extracellular electron transport-associated proteins or their homologs were identified, which facilitated the reduction of extracellular iron by this culture. More broadly, this work lightens the unexplored potential of specific microbial groups in driving nitrogen transformation through multiple pathways and highlights the essential role of microbial iron metabolism in the integral biogeochemical nitrogen cycle.
Journal Article