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يثير الجيل الخامس (5G) متابعة العالم بأسره ويحظى أيضا باهتمام في الصين من القمة إلى القاعدة، وكل ذلك يبرهن على أمر معين وهو ما يتحلى به الناس من تطلع عميق تجاه الجيل الخامس (5G) بعد أن عشنا الجيل الرابع من الاتصالات (4G) ونحن على ثقة بأن الجيل الخامس (5G) يمثل فرصة كبرى لتغيير العالم ؛ فما الفرص التي سيجلب لنا الجيل الخامس (5G) يا ترى ؟ ومتى ستظهر هذه الفرص ؟ وكيف تغتنمها ؟ ؛ بعد فترة طويلة من المراقبة والتحليل والإحساس ومن خلال رسم خط مستقيم من الفرص ونظرة استشرافية شاركنا خبير الاتصالات شيانغ لي قانغ فرص الجيل الخامس (5G)، وهذا لم يسمح للمزيد من الناس بمعرفة ما الذي يعنيه الجيل الخامس (5G) فحسب، بل اطلعوا بشكل أوضح على ما يكن أن ينجز الجيل الخامس (5G) واستوعبوا أكثر من ذلك ما يمكن أن يفعله كل واحد منا من خلال الجيل الخامس (5G)

Based on the “circumstance-effort” framework of inequality of opportunity, this study utilizes microdata from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), employing the ex-ante parametric estimation method and the Shapley decomposition approach to empirically measure the level of opportunity inequality in the utilization of community-based care services among the elderly, as well as the contribution and transmission pathways of various influencing factors. Key findings include: ① The levels of opportunity inequality in overall community-based care services, and their subcategories—medical care, daily-life assistance, and emotional support—range between 0.168 and 0.662, 0.128–0.477, 0.503–0.944, and 0.240–0.927, respectively. These values account for 25.37%, 26.83%, 53.28%, and 25.88% of the total inequality in service utilization, with daily-life assistance showing the most pronounced inequality; ② Regional development, community facilities, family economic status, and filial piety norms—as key environmental factors—primarily transmit opportunity inequality through effort variables such as employment, health behaviors, and participation in social activities; ③ There exists significant heterogeneity across age groups, genders, urban-rural divides, and health statuses in the contribution structure of opportunity inequality, with the disabled elderly experiencing the most severe structural inequality in access to services. Accordingly, policy recommendations are proposed to address these disparities, including reinforcing the principle of equal opportunity, targeting key environmental improvements, empowering individual efforts, and advancing precise service matching to promote equitable development of community-based elder care.

We still know very little about how the human immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. Here we construct a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray containing 18 out of the 28 predicted proteins and apply it to the characterization of the IgG and IgM antibodies responses in the sera from 29 convalescent patients. We find that all these patients had IgG and IgM antibodies that specifically bind SARS-CoV-2 proteins, particularly the N protein and S1 protein. Besides these proteins, significant antibody responses to ORF9b and NSP5 are also identified. We show that the S1 specific IgG signal positively correlates with age and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and negatively correlates with lymphocyte percentage. Overall, this study presents a systemic view of the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM responses and provides insights to aid the development of effective diagnostic, therapeutic and vaccination strategies. Currently very little is known about how our immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here the authors generate a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for profiling of IgG and IgM responses to COVID-19 in patients and find significant responses to ORF9b and NSP5, as well as the S1 and N proteins.

Public health service is an important guarantee by the government to safeguard the health rights of rural migrant women. This not only concerns the health status of rural migrant women and their willingness to stay in the urban area but can also affect their fertility intention. This study systematically examined the impact of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women as well as the mechanisms, underlying these intentions based on the data from the 2018 China Migration Dynamics Monitoring Survey. Urban public health services, including health records management and health education, could effectively enhance the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Furthermore, their health status and willingness to stay in urban areas were important mechanisms, by which, the public health services could influence the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, urban public health services have a better effect on improving the fertility desire of rural migrant women who have no pregnancy experience, a low income level, and a short residence time in the inflow area. This study contributed to the examination and clarification of the policy effects of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, it also provided important evidence to support the government policies related to the optimization of the public health service system, improvement of the health status, citizenship, and fertility intentions of the rural migrant women, as well as the development of the uniform public health services.

Developing high-efficient afterglow from metal-free organic molecules remains a formidable challenge due to the intrinsically spin-forbidden phosphorescence emission nature of organic afterglow, and only a few examples exhibit afterglow efficiency over 10%. Here, we demonstrate that the organic afterglow can be enhanced dramatically by thermally activated processes to release the excitons on the stabilized triplet state (T 1 * ) to the lowest triplet state (T 1 ) and to the singlet excited state (S 1 ) for spin-allowed emission. Designed in a twisted donor–acceptor architecture with small singlet-triplet splitting energy and shallow exciton trapping depth, the thermally activated organic afterglow shows an efficiency up to 45%. This afterglow is an extraordinary tri-mode emission at room temperature from the radiative decays of S 1 , T 1 , and T 1 * . With the highest afterglow efficiency reported so far, the tri-mode afterglow represents an important concept advance in designing high-efficient organic afterglow materials through facilitating thermally activated release of stabilized triplet excitons. The development of organic afterglow materials that do not contain heavy metals is of interest for biological applications. Here, the authors report on the development of a thermally activated organic molecule with tri-mode afterglow and an afterglow efficiency of up to 45%.

Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is an important branch of reinforcement learning to solve various optimal control issues. Most practical nonlinear systems are controlled by more than one controller. Each controller is a player, and to make a tradeoff between cooperation and conflict of these players can be viewed as a game. Multi-player games are divided into two main categories: zero-sum game and non-zero-sum game. To obtain the optimal control policy for each player, one needs to solve Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equations for zero-sum games and a set of coupled Hamilton–Jacobi equations for non-zero-sum games. Unfortunately, these equations are generally difficult or even impossible to be solved analytically. To overcome this bottleneck, two ADP methods, including a modified gradient-descent-based online algorithm and a novel iterative offline learning approach, are proposed in this paper. Furthermore, to implement the proposed methods, we employ single-network structure, which obviously reduces computation burden compared with traditional multiple-network architecture. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our schemes.

Health rumors often mislead people and cause adverse health behaviors. Especially during a public health emergency, health rumors may result in severe consequences for people’s health and risk governance. Insight into how these rumors form and harm people’s health behavior is critical for assisting people in establishing scientific health cognition and to enhance public health emergency responses. Using the case study with interview data of a salient purchase craze led by a health rumor during the COVID-19 outbreak in China, this article aimed to illustrate the process of how a piece of information becomes a health rumor. Furthermore, we identify factors that cause people to believe rumors and conduct behavior that leads to a purchase craze. Results show that a public misunderstanding of the unique psychology of uncertainty, cultural and social cognition, and conformity behavior jointly informs people’s beliefs in rumors and further causes purchase craze behavior. We developed a simplified model to demonstrate how an ordinary news report can lead to a rumor. Based on this model, some implications of effective health communication are suggested for managing rumors.

Bearing fault diagnosis encounters limitations including insufficient accuracy, elevated model complexity, and demanding hyperparameter optimization. This research introduces a diagnostic framework combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) for extracting comprehensive temporal–spectral characteristics from vibration data. The methodology employs a hybrid deep learning architecture integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with Transformers, where CNNs identify local features while Transformers capture extended dependencies. Meta-learning-enhanced Bayesian optimization and HyperBand (Meta-BOHB) is utilized for efficient hyperparameter selection. Evaluation on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset using 5-fold cross-validation demonstrates a mean classification accuracy of 99.91% with exceptional stability (±0.08%). Comparative analysis reveals superior performance regarding precision, convergence rate, and loss metrics compared to existing approaches. Cross-dataset validation using Mechanical Fault Prevention Technology (MFPT) and Paderborn University (PU) datasets confirms robust generalization capabilities, achieving 100% and 98.75% accuracy within 5 and 7 iterations, respectively. Ablation studies validate the contribution of each component. Results demonstrate consistent performance across diverse experimental conditions, indicating significant potential for enhancing reliability and reducing operational costs in industrial fault diagnosis applications. The proposed method effectively addresses key challenges in bearing fault detection through advanced signal processing and optimized deep learning techniques.

Fertility, social status, and social trust are main social choice behaviors of Chinese farmers. This paper adopts the childbearing–value logic to establish a theoretical model of farmers’ childbearing–social status–social trust choices to examine the influence of farmers’ childbearing and social status on farmers’ social trust. The theoretical model showed that farmers will rationally choose the number of children to bear, emotional value, social value, economic value, social status, and social trust. The fertility of farmers’ children is actually a trade-off between quantity and value, and the fertility behavior affects social status through the direct mechanism of the number of children and the value of the adjustment mechanism, and together with the social status, through the direct mechanism, the adjustment mechanism of the number of children, the intermediate mechanism of social status, and the mixed adjustment mechanism. Asymmetry affects social trust equilibrium. Empirical research based on the CFPS (China Family Panel Studies) data in 2018 showed that farmers’ children quantity primarily inhibits, through the adjustment mechanism of children’s value–social status, social status and social trust; it exerts no direct impact or mediating effect on the social status. The economic value of children does not affect the social status, but it affects social trust through a positive child quantity adjustment mechanism, a negative social status mediation mechanism, and a negative mixed mediation mechanism. The social value of children affects social trust by the positive direct mechanism and the negative children quantity adjustment mechanism, as well as social trust by the negative direct mechanism, children quantity adjustment mechanism, children quantity–social status mixed adjustment mediating mechanism, and the positive social status–mediated mechanism. The emotional value of children affects the social status through the positive direct mechanism, as well as social trust through the positive direct mechanism, social status–mediated mechanism, and negative child quantity adjustment mechanism, and negative mixed mediation mechanism. Furthermore, social status positively impacts social trust rather than a symmetric transmission of the mediating effect of children’s value and the quantity adjustment effect of children’s value. However, no mediating effect of social trust was observed on children quantity. Social development leads to structural changes in the fertility value of farmers’ children, which makes farmers prefer their children’s social and economic value, exerting a complex impact on their own social status and social trust.

The effect of strain rate on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and mechanism of alloy 617B was investigated by isothermal compression test in a temperature range of 1393 K to 1483 K (1120 °C to 1210 °C) with a wide strain rate scope of 0.01 to 20 s −1 . The microstructure evolution was investigated comprehensively by optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide detailed insight into the effect of strain rate on DRX mechanism. The study shows that DRX is accelerated at both low strain rate and high strain rate conditions with an apparent sluggish kinetics at the intermediate strain rate of 1 s −1 . In the low strain rate condition ( i.e. , <1 s −1 ), DRX is mainly controlled by the growth of DRX nuclei due to the sufficient time. When the strain rate is higher than 1 s −1 , besides the commonly accepted reason of adiabatic heat generated by high strain rate, enhanced DRX nucleation mechanism is crucial for the promotion of DRX at high strain rate. High strain rate could lead to enhanced pile-up of dislocation and higher stored energy, which can facilitate the process of DRX. In addition, distortion or subdivision of twins and “grain fragment” are detected when the strain rate is higher than 1 s −1 , which provide additional DRX nucleation mechanism. As a result, the combined effect leads to the higher DRX nucleation rate to promote DRX at high strain rate. The effect of strain rate on DRX is the completion result between sufficiency of time on the one hand and adiabatic heat and enhanced nucleation mechanism on the other.