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Eye tracking has been widely used for decades in vision research, language and usability. However, most prior research has focused on large desktop displays using specialized eye trackers that are expensive and cannot scale. Little is known about eye movement behavior on phones, despite their pervasiveness and large amount of time spent. We leverage machine learning to demonstrate accurate smartphone-based eye tracking without any additional hardware. We show that the accuracy of our method is comparable to state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers that are 100x more expensive. Using data from over 100 opted-in users, we replicate key findings from previous eye movement research on oculomotor tasks and saliency analyses during natural image viewing. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of smartphone-based gaze for detecting reading comprehension difficulty. Our results show the potential for scaling eye movement research by orders-of-magnitude to thousands of participants (with explicit consent), enabling advances in vision research, accessibility and healthcare. Progress in eye movement research has been limited since existing eye trackers are expensive and do not scale. Here, the authors show that smartphone-based eye tracking achieves high accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers, replicating key findings from prior eye movement research.

High-capacity power battery can be attained through the elevation of the cut-off voltage for LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 high-nickel material. Nevertheless, unstable lattice oxygen would be released during the lithium deep extraction. To solve the above issues, the electronic structure is reconstructed by substituting Li + ions with Y 3+ ions. The dopant within the Li layer could transfer electrons to the adjacent lattice oxygen. Subsequently, the accumulated electrons in the oxygen site are transferred to nickel of highly valence state under the action of the reduction coupling mechanism. The modified strategy suppresses the generation of oxygen defects by regulating the local electronic structure, but more importantly, it reduces the concentration of highly reactive Ni 4+ species during the charging state, thus avoiding the evolution of an unexpected phase transition. Strengthening the coupling strength between the lithium layers and transition metal layers finally realizes the fast-charging performance improvement and the cycling stability enhancement under high voltage. Authors report on restructuring the electronic structure of a high-nickel material by substituting Li + ions with Y 3+ ions. This strategy suppresses the generation of oxygen defects with a reduction coupling mechanism improving high-voltage stability.

The unconventional superconductivity associated with iron pnictide materials has been the subject of intense interest. Using an annealing procedure to control the charge-carrier concentration, the behaviour of an FeSe monolayer deposited on SrTiO 3 is now investigated, and indications of superconductivity at temperatures up to 65 K observed. The recent discovery of possible high-temperature superconductivity in single-layer FeSe films 1 , 2 has generated significant experimental and theoretical interest 3 , 4 . In both the cuprate 5 , 6 and the iron-based 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 high-temperature superconductors, superconductivity is induced by doping charge carriers into the parent compound to suppress the antiferromagnetic state. It is therefore important to establish whether the superconductivity observed in the single-layer sheets of FeSe—the essential building blocks of the Fe-based superconductors—is realized by undergoing a similar transition. Here we report the phase diagram for an FeSe monolayer grown on a SrTiO 3 substrate, by tuning the charge carrier concentration over a wide range through an extensive annealing procedure. We identify two distinct phases that compete during the annealing process: the electronic structure of the phase at low doping (N phase) bears a clear resemblance to the antiferromagnetic parent compound of the Fe-based superconductors, whereas the superconducting phase (S phase) emerges with the increase in doping and the suppression of the N phase. By optimizing the carrier concentration, we observe strong indications of superconductivity with a transition temperature of 65±5 K. The wide tunability of the system across different phases makes the FeSe monolayer ideal for investigating not only the physics of superconductivity, but also for studying novel quantum phenomena more generally.

The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in iron-based compounds has attracted much attention. How to further increase the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) and how to understand the superconductivity mechanism are two prominent issues facing the current study of iron-based superconductors. The latest report of high- T c superconductivity in a single-layer FeSe is therefore both surprising and significant. Here we present investigations of the electronic structure and superconducting gap of the single-layer FeSe superconductor. Its Fermi surface is distinct from other iron-based superconductors, consisting only of electron-like pockets near the zone corner without indication of any Fermi surface around the zone centre. Nearly isotropic superconducting gap is observed in this strictly two-dimensional system. The temperature dependence of the superconducting gap gives a transition temperature T c ~ 55 K. These results have established a clear case that such a simple electronic structure is compatible with high- T c superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. The exact mechanism for superconductivity in iron-based superconductors remains elusive, but is thought to involve complex interactions between many orbitals. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, Liu et al . report the electronic structure of the single-layer parent compound FeSe.

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and localization of HSP70/90 in different tissues and explore the regulation effects of HSP70/90 at lactation period of female yaks. HSP90 mRNA was cloned from the heart samples of female yaks, Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were utilized to analyze the expressions of HSP70/90 mRNA and protein in different tissues. Sequence analysis showed that HSP90 is a conserved molecular chaperone of female yaks. The qRT-PCR, WB results showed that the expressions of HSP70/90 mRNA and protein were significantly different in different tissues, and 3-fold higher expression during the lactation period than the non-lactation period of breast tissue (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays results showed that HSP70/90 were located in the cardiac muscle cells, cerebellar medulla, theca cells lining at the reproductive system, and the mammary epithelia of the breasts. In addition, the expression level of HSP70 was higher than those of HSP90 in all examined tissues. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that the expression and localization of HSP70/90 could provide significant evidence to further research in tissue specific expression, and lactation function of female yaks.

This study aimed to develop an intraoperative prediction model to evaluate the risk of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in Chinese breast cancer patients with 1–2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). The clinicopathologic data of 714 patients with 1–2 positive SLNs were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of NSLN metastasis. A new mathematical prediction model was developed based on LASSO and validated in an independent cohort of 131 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to quantify performance of the model. Patients with NSLN metastasis accounted for 37.3% (266/714) and 34.3% (45/131) of the training and validation cohorts, respectively. A LASSO regression-based prediction model was developed and included the 13 most powerful factors (age group, clinical tumour stage, histologic type, number of positive SLNs, number of negative SLNs, number of SLNs dissected, SLN metastasis ratio, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, Ki67 staining percentage, molecular subtype and P53 status). The AUCs of training and validation cohorts were 0.764 (95% CI 0.729–0.798) and 0.777 (95% CI 0.692–0.862), respectively. We presented a new prediction model with excellent clinical applicability and diagnostic performance for use by clinicians as an intraoperative clinical tool to predict risk of NSLN metastasis in Chinese breast cancer patients with 1–2 positive SLNs and make the final decisions regarding axillary lymph node dissection.

Hypoxia causes the occurrence of right heart hypertrophy and right heart failure. However, the yak living in the hypoxic environment, does not exhibit hypoxia-related pathological features. Therefore, It is of great significance to explore the hypoxia adaptation mechanism of yak heart. In this study, the yak heart coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) were treated with 21% O 2 (normoxic group) and 5% O 2 (hypoxic group). The results showed that hypoxia could promote the proliferation of CASMCs. Subsequently, we sequenced CASMCs in normoxic and hypoxic groups. The analysis revealed differential expression of 835 mRNAs, 285 lncRNAs and 126 miRNAs were between the two groups. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly associated with extracellular matrix components, transcription factor activity, protein binding, immune system processes, metabolic processes and cell development processes and TGF-β, MAPK, cAMP, mTOR, PI3K-Akt and other signaling pathways. By constructing a network of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs based on the major differentially expressed RNAs, core regulatory elements associated with hypoxic adaptive function were identified. Our study may help to prove the potential role of differential genes related to hypoxic adaptation, and enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation in yak heart.

Kagome lattice composed of transition-metal ions provides a great opportunity to explore the intertwining between geometry, electronic orders and band topology. The discovery of multiple competing orders that connect intimately with the underlying topological band structure in nonmagnetic kagome metals A V 3 Sb 5 ( A  = K, Rb, Cs) further pushes this topic to the quantum frontier. Here we report a new class of vanadium-based compounds with kagome bilayers, namely A V 6 Sb 6 ( A  = K, Rb, Cs) and V 6 Sb 4 , which, together with A V 3 Sb 5 , compose a series of kagome compounds with a generic chemical formula ( A m -1 Sb 2 m )(V 3 Sb) n ( m  = 1, 2; n  = 1, 2). Theoretical calculations combined with angle-resolved photoemission measurements reveal that these compounds feature Dirac nodal lines in close vicinity to the Fermi level. Pressure-induced superconductivity in A V 6 Sb 6 further suggests promising emergent phenomena in these materials. The establishment of a new family of layered kagome materials paves the way for designer of fascinating kagome systems with diverse topological nontrivialities and collective ground states. Kagome lattices composed of transition-metal ions have recently attracted great interest. Here, the authors report a new class of vanadium-based compounds with kagome bilayers which show lines of Dirac nodes in reciprocal space and superconductivity under pressure.

Fermi surface (FS) topology is a fundamental property of metals and superconductors. In electron-doped cuprate Nd2−x CeₓCuO₄ (NCCO), an unexpected FS reconstruction has been observed in optimal- and overdoped regime (x = 0.15–0.17) by quantum oscillation measurements (QOM). This is all the more puzzling because neutron scattering suggests that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order, which is believed to reconstruct the FS, vanishes before x = 0.14. To reconcile the conflict, a widely discussed external magnetic-field–induced AFM long-range order in QOM explains the FS reconstruction as an extrinsic property. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) evidence of FS reconstruction in optimal- and overdoped NCCO. The observed FSs are in quantitative agreement with QOM, suggesting an intrinsic FS reconstruction without field. This reconstructed FS, despite its importance as a basis to understand electron-doped cuprates, cannot be explained under the traditional scheme. Furthermore, the energy gap of the reconstruction decreases rapidly near x = 0.17 like an order parameter, echoing the quantum critical doping in transport. The totality of the data points to a mysterious order between x = 0.14 and 0.17, whose appearance favors the FS reconstruction and disappearance defines the quantum critical doping. A recent topological proposal provides an ansatz for its origin.

As the most common energy source of spacecraft, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become one of the hottest research fields. During the on-orbit operation of spacecraft, the influence of various uncertain factors and the unbalanced inertial force will make the solar PV wing vibrate and degrade its performance. In this study, we investigated the influence of mechanical vibration on the output characteristics of PV array systems. Specifically, we focused on a three-segment solar panel commonly found on satellites, analyzing both its dynamic response and electrical output characteristics under mechanical vibration using numerical simulation software. The correctness of the simulation model was partly confirmed by experiments. The results showed that the maximum output power of the selected solar panel was reduced by 5.53% and its fill factor exhibited a decline from the original value of 0.8031 to 0.7587, provided that the external load applied on the panel increased to 10 N/m2, i.e., the vibration frequency and the maximal deflection angle were 0.3754 Hz and 74.9871°, respectively. These findings highlight a significant decrease in the overall energy conversion efficiency of the solar panel when operating under vibration conditions.