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Emergence agitation (EA) is more commonly observed after thoracic surgeries and can lead to serious complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) combined with oxycodone for transitional analgesia in preventing EA after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). A total of 121 adult patients scheduled for VATS under one-lung ventilation anesthesia were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: preoperative SAPB without opioids for transitional analgesia near the end of the surgery (SAPB + SAL group, n  = 39); preoperative SAPB with sufentanil at 0.1 µg/kg for transitional analgesia (SAPB + SF group, n  = 42); and preoperative SAPB with oxycodone at 0.1 mg/kg for transitional analgesia (SAPB + OCD group, n  = 40). In primary outcomes, the incidences of EA in the SAPB + SAL, SAPB + SF, and SAPB + OCD groups were 38.5%, 28.6%, and 7.5% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in EA incidence between the SAPB + OCD and SAPB + SF groups ( P  = 0.0136). In secondary outcomes, compared to the SAPB + SF group, the SAPB + OCD group experienced shorter tracheal extubation time [15(9, 25) min vs. 21.5(14.5, 32.5) min; P  = 0.0473] and PACU stay [67.5(55.0, 85.0) min vs. 87.5(70.0, 110.0) min; P  = 0.0026]; lower NRS scores at 15 min and 2 h post-extubation ( P  < 0.01), and higher Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores post-surgery [113(98, 123) vs. 102(88, 112); P  = 0.0122]. Our results suggest SAPB combined with oxycodone for transitional analgesia, compared with sufentanil, is more effective in preventing EA after VATS and conductive to rapid recovery postoperatively. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ChiCTR2300077473, Date: 09/11/2023.

Carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits frequently contain significant amounts of critical metals such as germanium in sphalerite. However, the textural and chemical controls leading to Ge enrichment remain poorly constrained. Based on textural observations and laser-ablation (multi-collector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, we investigate the origin, textural control, and incorporation of Ge in the Zhulingou carbonate-hosted Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China, which contains > 400t Ge at 97.9 ppm. Two hydrothermal stages (I and II) and three textural types of sphalerite (Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3) are recognized in stratabound and stockwork Zn(-Ge) orebodies. Acicular colloform Sp1 formed in stage I, whereas euhedral sector-zoned Sp3 is related to stage II. In acicular-euhedral Sp2, both Sp1 and Sp3 are observed. A large variation of Ge concentrations is observed with an average Ge of 1013 ppm in Sp1, decreasing to 621 ppm in Sp2 and to 492 ppm in Sp3. In the three types of sphalerite, Ge concentrations are not correlated to monovalent cations (Cu and Ag), indicative of unusual substitution mechanisms coupled to divalent cations such as Mn, Pb, or Cd. Trace element distribution, sulfur, and lead isotopes suggest that the deeply circulating brines interacted with Ge-rich basement rocks and mixed with shallow biogenic sulfur: This mixing process was certainly the main factor controlling the Ge endowment. The precipitation of acicular sphalerite was likely controlled by a combination of specific fluid conditions (i.e., low T and pH, and rapid mineral growth rate) and fluid mixing. These conditions leading to the formation of acicular sphalerite were favorable for Ge enrichment, compared to co-existing euhedral grains generally less rich in Ge.

Wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) is used to investigate turbulent fluctuations around an axisymmetric body of revolution. This study focuses on evaluating the ability of WMLES to predict the fluctuating flow over the axisymmetric hull and analyzing the evolution of turbulent fluctuations around the body. The geometry is the DARPA SUBOFF bare model and the Reynolds number is 1.2×10 7 , based on the free-stream velocity and the length of the body. Near-wall flow structures and complex turbulent fluctuation fields are successfully captured. Time-averaged flow quantities, such as time-averaged pressure and skin-friction coefficients, and time-averaged velocity profiles on the stern, achieved great agreements between WMLES results and experimental data. Self-similarity of time-averaged velocity defects within a self-similar coordinate up to twelve diameters from the tail. A comprehensive analysis of second-order statistics in the mid-body, stern, and wake regions is condutced. Numerical results agree well with experimental data and previous wall-resolved large eddy simulation (WRLES) results about root mean square (rms) of radial and axial fluctuating velocities at the stern. Turbulent fluctuations including turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and second-order velocity statistics are identified as dual peak behavior and non-self-similar over the wake length, consistent with previous findings in the literature. This assessment enhances the understanding of WMLES capabilities in capturing complex fluctuating flow around axisymmetric geometries.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in diverse biological processes. In plants, DNA methylation can be established through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway, an RNA interference pathway for transcriptional gene silencing （TGS）, which requires 24-nt small interfering RNAs. In mammals, de novo DNA methylation occurs primarily at two developmental stages： during early embryogenesis and during gametogenesis. While it is not clear whether establishment of DNA methylation patterns in mammals involves RNA interference in general, de novo DNA methylation and suppression of transposons in germ cells require 24-32-nt piwi-interacting small RNAs. DNA methylation status is dynamically regulated by DNA methylation and demethylation reactions. In plants, active DNA demethylation relies on the repressor of silencing 1 family of bifunctional DNA glycosylases, which remove the 5-methylcytosine base and then cleave the DNA backbone at the abasic site, initiating a base excision repair （BER） pathway. In animals, multiple mechanisms of active DNA demethylation have been proposed, including a deaminase- and DNA glycosylase-initiated BER pathway. New information concerning the effects of various histone modifications on the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation has broadened our understanding of the regulation of DNA methylation. The function of DNA methylation in plants and animals is also discussed in this review.

RNA-directed DNA methylation （RdDM） is an important de novo DNA methylation pathway in plants. RdDM mediates the transcriptional silencing of many endogenous genomic loci, most of which are transposon related. A for- ward genetics screen identified DTF1 （DNA-binding transcription factor 1） as a new component for RdDM in Arabi- dopsis. Loss-of-function mutations in DTF1 release the transcriptional silencing of RdDM target loci and reduce the accumulation of 24-nt small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） from some of the targets. Interestingly, in the dtfl mutant plants, the release of transcriptional gene silencing at solo-LTR is accompanied by decreased siRNA accumulation but not by reduced DNA methylation. These results suggest that DTF1 is an atypical component of RdDM and has both DNA methylation-dependent and -independent roles in transcriptional gene silencing. We suggest that besides DNA methylation, siRNAs may cause some other uncharacterized epigenetic modifications that lead to transcription- al gene silencing.

The SU（VAR）3-9-1ike histone methyltransferases usually catalyze repressive histone H3K9 methylation and are involved in transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotic organisms. We identified a putative SU（VAR）3-9-1ike histone methyltransferase SUVR2 by a forward genetic screen and demonstrated that it is involved in transcriptional gene silencing at genomic loci targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation （RdDM）. We found that SUVR2 has no histone methyltransferase activity and the conserved catalytic sites of SUVR2 are dispensable for the function of SUVR2 in transcriptional silencing. SUVR2 forms a complex with its close homolog SUVRI and associate with three previously uncharacterized SNF2-related chromatin-remodeling proteins CHR19, CHR27, and CHR28. SUVR2 was previously thought to be a component in the RdDM pathway. We demonstrated that SUVR2 contributes to transcriptional gene silencing not only at a subset of RdDM target loci but also at many RdDM-independent target loci. Our study sug- gests that the involvement of SUVR2 in transcriptional gene silencing is related to nueleosome positioning mediated by its associated chromatin-remodeling proteins.

By mineral liberation analyzer （MLA） automated quantitative system, the niobium-tantalum ore in this study was classified as refractory mineral of low-grade which was mainly composed of fergusonite, polycrase, ilmenorutile, and bastnasite. Most of niobium and rare earth metals were dis- seminated in these minerals （particle sizes of 95 % rare earth elements 〈40 μm）, which cannot be concentrated through traditional floatation process and treated by the current hydrofluoric acid leaching in industry application. It is nec- essary to develop a new approach to recovery these valuable metals. In this study, an improved method is proposed to extract these metals, which includes acid roasting and sulfuric acid leaching. The influence of mineralogy, acid concentra- tion, leaching temperature, leaching time, and liquid to solid ratio was experimentally studied. It is observed that after the ground ore （-74 μm） was roasted at 350 ℃ for 2 h with sulfuric acid （18.4 mol.L- 1） in the ore to acid mass ratio of 1：1, and then the roasting residue reacted with 25 % sulfuric acid at 90 ℃ for 2 h, the recovery rate of rare earth elements reaches 〉90 %, and the leaching extent of niobium can reach 84 %.

Successful regeneration of small-diameter vascular grafts requires rapid endothelialization to ensure patency. However, effectively recruiting circulating endothelial progenitor cells to achieve this remains a significant challenge. Here we show that accelerating the growth of adventitia into vascular grafts promotes fallout endothelialization on the blood-contacting surface. We engineered Micro-Nano structured Vascular Grafts (MnVGs) using high-resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing and electrostatic spinning. When implanted in rabbits, MnVGs rapidly regenerated neo-adventitia within the highly porous graft walls and achieved endothelialization as early as 2 weeks postoperatively, resulting in 90% patency rate (18/20). The regenerated arteries closely matched native vessels in structure and function. Mechanistically, we discovered that lymphatic endothelial cells enriched in the neoadventitia, were identified as the main contributors to the early recruitment of CD93+ ECs, which ultimately constituted the majority of the endothelium. Thus, MnVGs represent a potential strategy to preventing thrombosis in replacement of small caliber arteries.

Based on the theory model analysis of artificial neural network structure, the use of analog circuits builds the continuous artificial neural network feedback model, to carry on optimal error analysis for the different network work model, and then using the steepest gradient descent algorithm carries out error correction, to analyze the volleyball player's empirical analysis in the physical optimization distribution experiment. The simulation results show that the statistical results model simulation experiment and actual experiment data are basic agreement, to a certain extent provide a new practical path for artificial neural network.

A novel process of extracting niobium, yttrium,and cerium from a low-grade niobium-bearing ore by the roasting(NH4)2SO4-Na2SO4-H2SO4 system was experimentally studied. The influences of various factors,such as roasting temperature, roasting time, mass ratio of agents-to-ore and particle size fraction on the extraction of valuable metals were comprehensively investigated. It is found that the roasting Na2SO4-H2SO4 system is effective to extract the niobium, yttrium, and cerium. The obtained optimum conditions for the extraction of Nb, Y, and Ce are roasting temperature of 300 °C, roasting time of 3 h, mass ratio of Na2SO4:H2SO4:Ore of 0.5:1.0:1.0, and particle size fraction of-74 lm(~95 %). Under the optimum condition, the maximum recovery of Nb, Y, and Ce can reach90.53 %, 92.15 %, and 98.04 %, respectively. All the results generated from this study will provide the fundamentals for Nb, Y, and Ce extraction from a niobiumbearing ore with low-grade.