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Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), a frequent complication in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment, arises from complex mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which impair myocardial repair and recovery. Current therapies for MIRI offer limited efficacy and raise safety concerns, highlighting the need for innovative and precise treatment strategies in cardiovascular research. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a promising therapeutic approach that enhances drug delivery precision to the myocardium. By utilizing ultrasound cavitation and nanodrug delivery, UTMD overcomes microvascular barriers, significantly improving drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. It has demonstrated potential in modulating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) pathway to promote angiogenesis and enhance myocardial perfusion. In addition, it inhibits NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, thereby reducing inflammatory responses and protecting the myocardium from reperfusion damage. The integration of radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) further advances MIRI diagnosis and treatment. Real-time monitoring of myocardial blood flow and microcirculatory perfusion, combined with AI-driven image analysis, enables accurate assessment of myocardial injury and therapeutic efficacy, supporting personalized and precise therapy. Moreover, multi-omics technologies-such as single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics-combined with UTMD provide deeper insights into its therapeutic mechanisms, laying a robust foundation for clinical translation. This review summarizes recent progress in UTMD-based therapies for MIRI, emphasizing their roles in angiogenesis, immune regulation, precision diagnostics, and multi-omics analysis. It highlights new perspectives for future research and clinical applications in the management of MIRI.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is regarded as one of the most serious diseases in human central nervous system. The secondary ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury increased the difficulty of treatment. Moreover, the latent molecular regulating mechanism in I/R injury is still unclear. Based on our previous clinical study, we discovered that FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is significantly upregulated in patients, who suffered acute ischemic stroke, with high diagnostic value. Levels of FKBP5 were positively correlated with patients’ neurological impairments. Furthermore, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model of mice was used to confirm that FKBP5 expression in plasma could reflect its relative level in brain tissue. Thus, we hypothesized that FKBP5 participated in the regulation of cerebral I/R injury. In order to explore the possible roles FKBP5 acted, the oxygen and glucose deprivation and re‐oxygenation (OGD/R) model was established to mimic I/R injury in vitro. FKBP5 expressing levels were changed by plasmids stable transfection. The altered expression of FKBP5 influenced cell viability and autophagy after OGD/R injury notably. Besides, AKT/FOXO3 cascade was involved in FKBP5 regulating process. In the present study, FKBP5 was verified upregulated in cerebral I/R injury, related to the severity of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Additionally, our analyses revealed that FKBP5 regulates autophagy induced by OGD/R via the downstream AKT/FOXO3 signaling pathway. Our findings provide a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke and a potential strategy for treatment.

Epigenetic alterations in gene expression have been implicated in cancer development and tumor immune escape, with posttranslational histone or non-histone modifications representing attractive targets for disease surveillance and therapy. SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that reversibly catalyzes the di- and tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) on euchromatin, inhibiting gene transcription within these regions and facilitating the switch from euchromatic to heterochromatic states. Emerging evidence suggests that SETDB1 amplification and aberrant activation are significantly associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and contribute to HCC development, immune escape, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. Here, we provide an updated overview of the cellular and molecular effects of SETDB1 activity in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression and focus on studies linking its function to immunotherapy for HCC, and present current challenges and future perspectives for targeting SETDB1 in HCC treatment.

Background The advanced nursing practice course is a core course for graduate nursing students, aimed at enhancing their comprehensive clinical competence and professionalism. The Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction motivation model provides a theoretical framework for instructional innovation by using systematic strategies to stimulate and sustain learning motivation. Instructional design innovations play a crucial role in enhancing graduate nursing students’ learning motivation, self-learning ability, and critical thinking. Objective The objective is to implement the instructional design based on the Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction motivation model in the advanced nursing practice course and evaluate its influence on the learning motivation, self-learning ability, and critical thinking of graduate nursing students. Methods This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a single-group pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with descriptive qualitative research. From March to May 2024, 31 first-year graduate nursing students received a 9-week Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction model-based instructional reform. Quantitative methods were used to assess learning motivation, self-learning ability, critical thinking, and academic performance, with comparisons made using paired t-tests. The qualitative component included a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured individual interviews. This mixed-methods study aimed to objectively measure effectiveness through quantitative data and gain in-depth insights into students’ experiences and benefits via qualitative data. Results The learning motivation and self-learning ability, as well as critical thinking of students exposed to Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction model, were all improved. In addition, students achieved better test scores, expressed recognition and satisfaction with the course, and improved professional value recognition. Conclusion Applying the Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction model-based motivational instructional design in advanced nursing practice course is feasible and has proved to be effective in increasing learning motivation, promoting self-learning ability, and cultivating critical thinking among graduate nursing students. In addition, the study found that the strategy had a positive effect on students’ learning gains, learning inspiration, and course feedback.

Background China is experiencing an increasingly serious aging population. Cognitive function is an important factor and guarantee for the quality of life of older people. Therefore, to achieve healthy aging, this study aimed to examine the sequential multiple mediating effects of indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function on anxiety and self-rated health in the Chinese older people population. Methods Using the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, we finally selected 10,372 Chinese seniors over the age of 65. First, we describe the basic socio-demographic information of the sample population. Second, Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine whether there was a correlation between indoor ventilation frequency, anxiety, self-rated health, and cognitive function among Chinese older people. Finally, the SPSS macro process program was used to complete the sequence multiple mediation analysis. Results Indoor ventilation frequency, anxiety, self-rated health and cognitive function were significantly correlated ( p  < 0.01). Indoor ventilation frequency not only has a direct positive impact on the cognitive function of older people (effect = 0.1427; Standard error = 0.0201; 95%CI: LL = 0.1034, UL = 0.1821), but also indirectly affected cognitive function through three pathways: independent mediation of anxiety (effect = 0.0078; Standard error = 0.0021; 95%CI: LL = 0.0041, UL = 0.0121), independent mediating effect of self-rated health (effect = 0.0154; Standard error = 0.0030; 95%CI: LL = 0.0098, UL = 0.0215), and the chain mediating effect between anxiety and self-rated health (effect = 0.0046; Standard error = 0.0009; 95%CI: LL = 0.0029, UL = 0.0065). Limitations All projects are self-reported and some results may be biased. In the future, it may be more inspiring to explore more detailed and specific effects of indoor air quality on cognitive function in older people. Conclusions Studies have shown that indoor ventilation frequency can improve cognitive function by reducing anxiety and improving self-rated health in older people Chinese. Encouraging older adults to increase the frequency of indoor ventilation will benefit their mental health and cognitive function. Highlights This study provides empirical evidence for the association between indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function in older people Chinese adults. We used nationally representative data to investigate the relationship between indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function and further explored the mediating role of anxiety and self-rated health in Chinese older adults. Indoor ventilation frequency can not only directly affect cognitive function in older people, but also indirectly affect cognitive function through anxiety and self-rated health. Anxiety and self-rated health have a series of mediating effects between indoor ventilation frequency and cognitive function.

Background To investigate the association between indoor ventilation frequency and symptoms of depression and anxiety in older persons. Methods A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of indoor ventilation frequency on depression and anxiety by using data from the 2018 Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS). Results A total of 9,690 older persons with an average age of (83.20 ± 11.27) years were included, including 4,458 males (46.0%) and 5,232 females (54.0%). The average score of indoor ventilation frequency was (6.06 ± 1.98) points, including 770 people (7.9%) with low frequency, 3,066 people (31.6%) with medium frequency, and 5,854 people (60.4%) with high frequency. 842 (8.7%) had symptoms of depression and 204 (2.1%) had symptoms of anxiety. Compared with the older persons with low indoor ventilation frequency, the older persons with higher ventilation frequency had a lower incidence of depression (OR(95%CI) = 1.92 (1.50 ∼ 2.46), 1.51 (1.27 ∼ 1.79); P  < 0.001). However indoor ventilation frequency was not associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Indoor ventilation frequency is related to depressive symptoms in older persons. Communities and families should pay more attention to indoor ventilation and intervene in time to promote and improve the mental health of older persons.

Bellamya purificata is an important medicinal value and economically farmed species in China. However, because little is known about the genetic characteristics of this species, the utilization of high-quality germplasm resources is hindered. The study examined the genetic differentiation between, and the structure of 12 B . purificata populations in Guangxi using 7 microsatellite DNA markers. High genetic diversity occurred in each population, with mean observed heterozygosity 0.655 and a mean expected heterozygosity 0.832. Analysis of molecular variance reveals genetic diversity to be greater within (95.2%) than among populations (4.8%). Genetic differentiation between populations is weak ( F st = 0.048, P < 0.001), with mixing of genetic clusters prevalent at the level of the individual. Genetic flow exists between populations ( N m = 3.084–11.778), with Longshui and Guilin populations exchanging frequently. A Mantel test reveals a low correlation between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.2482, P < 0.071), suggesting that dispersal between neighboring populations facilitates population exchange. No significant heterozygosity excess was observed for any population ( P > 0.05), indicating a lack of recent genetic bottlenecks. The results provide important genetic information for B . purificata , and data for potential germplasm discovery and aquaculture development.

Enhancing tissue repair and angiogenesis post-Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is critical to improving cardiac function and preventing heart failure. Recent studies have highlighted the interaction between immune cells and endothelial cells in post-AMI angiogenesis, yet the specific contributions of different immune cell subsets remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests the presence of a subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing Amphiregulin (AREG) in infarcted myocardial tissue, with AREG acting as a paracrine protein that plays a key role in angiogenesis. However, whether AREG⁺ Tregs mediate post-AMI angiogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Treg activation promotes tissue repair and improves cardiac function after AMI, although it does not significantly impact angiogenesis or endothelial cell behaviors. Notably, overexpression of AREG⁺ Tregs stimulates robust neovascularization post-AMI, reduces myocardial fibrosis, and further enhances cardiac function. Our in vitro data reveal that AREG⁺ Tregs secrete not only AREG but also angiogenic factors such as VEGF and FGF, which promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. RNA sequencing analysis identifies FoxM1 as a key regulator of this angiogenic process in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Importantly, inhibition of AREG in Tregs abolishes the FoxM1-dependent angiogenic response.In summary, we identified AREG⁺ Tregs as a distinct cell population driving neovascularization post-AMI, with FoxM1-mediated angiogenesis in CMECs. This may provide a foundation for harnessing specific Treg subsets for cardioprotection following AMI.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease that occurs in the arterial wall. Despite recent advancements in treatment aimed at improving efficacy and prolonging survival, atherosclerosis remains largely incurable. In this review, we discuss emerging single-cell sequencing techniques and their novel insights into atherosclerosis. We provide examples of single-cell profiling studies that reveal phenotypic characteristics of atherosclerosis plaques, blood, liver, and the intestinal tract. Additionally, we highlight the potential clinical applications of single-cell analysis and propose that combining this approach with other techniques can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, leading to more accurate medical interventions.

Although shrimp are of great economic importance, few full-length shrimp transcriptomes are available. Here, we used Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing technology to generate transcripts from the Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). We obtained 322,600 full-length non-chimeric reads, from which we generated 51,367 high-quality unique full-length transcripts. We corrected errors in the SMRT sequences by comparison with Illumina-produced short reads. We successfully annotated 81.72% of all unique SMRT transcripts against the NCBI non-redundant database, 58.63% against Swiss-Prot, 45.38% against Gene Ontology, 32.57% against Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), and 47.83% against Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Across all transcripts, we identified 3,958 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 80,650 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Our study provides a rich set of full-length cDNA sequences for L. vannamei , which will greatly facilitate shrimp transcriptome research.