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Introduction We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms through which platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) attenuates osteoarthritis (OA)‐induced pain, apoptosis, and inflammation. Methods An in vivo model of OA was established by injuring rats using the anterior cruciate ligament transection method, whereas an in vitro model was generated by exposing chondrocytes to interleukin (IL)‐1β. Both models were then treated with PRP. Results In both the in vivo and in vitro models, OA led to the suppression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway, whereas treatment with PRP reactivated this molecular axis. Inhibition of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway using the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol or through Nrf2 gene silencing counteracted the effects of PRP in reducing the tenderness and thermal pain thresholds of OA rats. Additionally, PRP reduced the mRNA expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP‐13) and the protein expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2 associated X‐protein (Bax), and caspase‐3. Furthermore, inflammation and apoptosis were induced by brusatol treatment or Nrf2 silencing. Additionally, in the in vitro model, PRP treatment increased the proliferation of chondrocytes and attenuated their inflammatory response and apoptosis, effects that were abrogated by Nrf2 depletion. Conclusions The Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway participates in the PRP‐mediated attenuation of OA development by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Study results identified a new mechanism, that is the role of Nrf2/HO‐1, underlying the protective role of platelet‐rich plasma in cartilage tissue damage in an ACLT‐induced animal model and IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes. Meanwhile, our data provide valuable recommendations for the development of promising antiarthritic agents that act on Nrf2.

To study the effect of low-frequency vibration on bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and potential bone repair . Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups with eight rabbits in each group. For each group, bone defects were generated in the left humerus of four rabbits, and in the right humerus of the other four rabbits. To test differentiation, bones were isolated and demineralized, supplemented with bone marrow stromal cells, and implanted into humerus bone defects. Varying frequencies of vibration (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 Hz) were applied to each group for 30 min each day for four weeks. When the bone defects integrated, they were then removed for histological examination. mRNA transcript levels of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligan, and pre-collagen type 1 α were measured. Humeri implanted with bone marrow stromal cells displayed elevated callus levels and wider, more prevalent, and denser trabeculae following treatment at 25 and 50 Hz. The mRNA levels of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, and pre-collagen type 1 α were also markedly higher following 25 and 50 Hz treatment. Low frequency (25-50 Hz) vibration can promote bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and repair bone injury.

Drawing on conservation of resources theory and ego-depletion theory, this study explored the impact of crisis-driven organizational change (i.e., re-engineering, restructuring, and salary benefit cuts) on abusive supervision. We analyzed data from 323 frontline aircrew using structural equation modeling and developed a scale for crisis-driven organizational change using a separate dataset from 264 respondents. Results showed that a perceived hostile climate mediated the relationship between crisis-driven organizational change and abusive supervision. Salary benefit cuts had a partial mediating effect, while re-engineering and restructuring had a full mediating effect. Moreover, seniority based resource allocation moderated the impact of restructuring on abusive supervision, such that restructuring was associated with increased abusive supervision under conditions of minimal seniority-based allocation, whereas abusive supervision decreased when allocation relied heavily on seniority. This research deepens understanding of the contextual antecedents underlying abusive supervision and underscores the importance of resource distribution in shaping hierarchical dynamics during crises.

A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate the integrated system which consists of the fractured bone (femur), bone plate and stabilization screw by using the ANSYS software. The stress and strain distribution of the integrated system is investigated. The numerical model simulates a patient’s imperfect walking under the assumption that the fractured bone is not able to support any load and all body weight was burden by bone plate in fractured bone section. The simulation results reveal that the maximum Von Mises stress on bone plate is much less than yield strength and fatigue strength of Titanium alloy.

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed （Deyeuxia angustifolia）, a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism ofD. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number （mean value of 322 per m^2）. They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number （ESN） occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds ofD. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.

The occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a looming threat to human health around the world. Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to address the AMR crisis. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained increasing attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics due to their abundant sources, structural diversity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and ease of production. Given its significance, there has been a tremendous advancement in the research and development of AMPs. Numerous AMPs have been identified from various natural sources (e.g., plant, animal, human, microorganism) based on either well-established isolation or bioinformatic pipelines. Moreover, computer-assisted strategies (e.g., machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)) have emerged as a powerful and promising technology for the accurate prediction and design of new AMPs. It may overcome some of the shortcomings of traditional antibiotic discovery and contribute to the rapid development and translation of AMPs. In these cases, this review aims to appraise the latest advances in identifying and designing AMPs and their significant antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The review also highlights the critical challenges in discovering and applying AMPs.

Digital diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) templates of the adult human brain are commonly used in neuroimaging research, and their characteristics influence the accuracy of the application. However, a systematic evaluation of the characteristics and performance of standardized and study-specific DTI templates has not been conducted. The purpose of this work was to compare eight available standardized DTI templates to each other (ICBM81, ENIGMA, FMRIB58, SRI24, IIT2, NTU-DSI-122-DTI, IIT v.3.0, Eve), as well as to study-specific templates, in terms of template characteristics (image sharpness, ability to identify small brain structures, artifacts, mean values, noise properties) and performance in spatial normalization and detection of small inter-group FA differences. The IIT v.3.0 template was shown to combine a number of desirable characteristics: includes full-tensor information, is population-based, has high image sharpness, shows no visible artifacts, has low noise levels, has diffusion tensor properties and spatial features representative of data from the average individual adult brain. Furthermore, the IIT v.3.0 template was shown to allow higher inter-subject DTI spatial normalization accuracy, and detection of smaller inter-group FA differences, compared to all other templates, including study-specific templates. These findings were consistent when evaluating the templates in younger as well as older adult cohorts. [Display omitted]

Controlling magnetism by purely electrical means is a key challenge to better information technology1. A variety of material systems, including ferromagnetic (FM) metals2–4, FM semiconductors5, multiferroics6–8 and magnetoelectric (ME) materials9,10, have been explored for the electric-field control of magnetism. The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets11,12 has opened a new door for the electrical control of magnetism at the nanometre scale through a van der Waals heterostructure device platform13. Here we demonstrate the control of magnetism in bilayer CrI3, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor in its ground state12, by the application of small gate voltages in field-effect devices and the detection of magnetization using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) microscopy. The applied electric field creates an interlayer potential difference, which results in a large linear ME effect, whose sign depends on the interlayer AFM order. We also achieve a complete and reversible electrical switching between the interlayer AFM and FM states in the vicinity of the interlayer spin-flip transition. The effect originates from the electric-field dependence of the interlayer exchange bias.

Detecting nearshore underwater targets in hyperspectral imagery faces significant challenges due to complex background clutter, weak and distorted underwater target signals. Extracting discriminative features is a critical step. Current methods are often constrained by high spectral redundancy and reliance on manual annotations, leading to suboptimal detection performance. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel underwater target detection framework that integrates self-supervised band selection with a physically-constrained detection, called the negatively constrained network with self-supervised band selection (NCSS-Net). Specifically, NCSS-Net first generates a target-prior abundance map via Normalized Difference Water Index and spectral unmixing. This abundance map is then converted into a binary target mask through adaptive thresholding. The binary target mask serves as pseudo labels and guides an Artificial Bee Colony algorithm to identify a maximally discriminative band subset. These bands are then fed into a negatively-constrained autoencoder. This network is trained with a specialized loss function to enforce negative correlation between the target and water endmembers, thereby enhancing their separability. Experimental results demonstrate that NCSS-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, offering an effective and practical solution for nearshore underwater monitoring applications. Our code will be available online upon acceptance.

Moiré engineering 1 – 3 of van der Waals magnetic materials 4 – 9 can yield new magnetic ground states via competing interactions in moiré superlattices 10 – 13 . Theory predicts a suite of interesting phenomena, including multiflavour magnetic states 10 , non-collinear magnetic states 10 – 13 , moiré magnon bands and magnon networks 14 in twisted bilayer magnetic crystals, but so far such non-trivial magnetic ground states have not emerged experimentally. Here, by utilizing the stacking-dependent interlayer exchange interactions in two-dimensional magnetic materials 15 – 18 , we demonstrate a coexisting ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state in small-twist-angle CrI 3 bilayers. The FM–AF state transitions to a collinear FM ground state above a critical twist angle of about 3°. The coexisting FM and AF domains result from a competition between the interlayer AF coupling, which emerges in the monoclinic stacking regions of the moiré superlattice, and the energy cost for forming FM–AF domain walls. Our observations are consistent with the emergence of a non-collinear magnetic ground state with FM and AF domains on the moiré length scale 10 – 13 . We further employ the doping dependence of the interlayer AF interaction to control the FM–AF state by electrically gating a bilayer sample. These experiments highlight the potential to create complex magnetic ground states in twisted bilayer magnetic crystals, and may find application in future gate-voltage-controllable high-density magnetic memory storage. In moiré superlattice van der Waals magnetic materials, competing interactions emerge and can stabilize new magnetic states. Here, stacking-dependent interlayer exchange interactions in small-twist-angle CrI 3 bilayers yield an ordered ground state with coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic regions.