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In recent decades, many serious respiratory infections have broken out all over the world, including SARS-CoV, MERS, and COVID-19. They are characterized by strong infectivity, rapid disease progression, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Excessive immune system activation results in cytokine hypersecretion, which is an important reason for the aggravation of symptoms, and can spread throughout the body leading to systemic multiple organ dysfunction, namely, cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Although many diseases related to CRS have been identified, the mechanism of CRS is rarely mentioned clearly. This review is intended to clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of CRS in the deterioration of related diseases, describe the important signaling pathways and clinical pathophysiological characteristics of CRS, and provide ideas for further research and development of specific drugs for corresponding targets to treat CRS.

The non-volatile spontaneous ferroelectric polarization field serves as a cornerstone for applying ferroelectric materials in electronic devices, yet it is frequently mitigated by charge trapping at defect sites. Achieving an effective transition between ferroelectric polarization and charge trapping is challenging due to the inherent opposition of the two mechanisms and the uncontrollable charge trapping types in ferroelectric materials. Here, we realized a polarity-dependent ferroelectric transition in two-dimensional ferroelectric heterojunction transistor by integrating a hybrid organic-inorganic ferroelectric layer embedded with electron trapping sites. Through theoretical calculations and experimental validation, we demonstrate a ferroelectric manifestation and elimination mechanism based on the polarity of the semiconductor layer. The electron-majority n-type semiconductor exhibits charge trapping behavior, while the electron-minority p-type transistor exhibits the ferroelectric control mechanism. Leveraging the mechanism transition, our bipolar heterojunction transistor enables synergistic heterogeneous control of non-volatile memory and volatile synaptic weight modulation within a single bipolar ferroelectric transistor. Based on the experimentally extracted parameters from the transistors, the device-informed simulation achieves a recognition accuracy of 92.9% and a 20.7-fold improvement in training efficiency of the transfer learning network. The authors demonstrate a two-dimensional ferroelectric heterojunction transistor that exploits polarity-dependent transitions between ferroelectricity and charge trapping, enabling both memory and synaptic functions, and enhancing AI training efficiency.

Disease‐oriented theranostic modalities have witnessed rapid developments in the past decade, and some of them are on the road of medi‐translation for successful clinical utilities. Thanks to their unprecedented convenience, minimized side‐effect, satisfactory prognosis, and good controllability by external sources such as light, sound, electricity, heat and magnetism, recent advancements on noninvasive theranostic modalities have opened up a new window for the dawn and light‐shedding of cutting‐edge functional nanomaterials in association with current commercialized clinical devices to serve precision and visualized medicine for new‐generation disease‐oriented healthcare resolutions. This review summarizes the latest progresses on the advanced nanomaterial developments as well as their emerging applications to image‐based diagnosis and noninvasive treatments by external stimuli sources. Furthermore, their state‐of‐the‐art biomedical translations have been highlighted to outlook the prevailing trends for clinical uses, and current challenges are discussed for sake of comprehensive safety issues before to humans. Advanced noninvasive theranostic modalities have found emerging applications in association with functional nanomaterials and visualized strategies to discriminate diseased tissues and lesion margins for precision medicine

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are attracting widespread attention due to their superior electrochemical and mechanical properties. However, the PVDF has a strong polar group -CF2-, which easily continuously reacts with lithium metal, resulting in the instability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which intensifies the formation of lithium dendrites. Herein, Tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone (TFBQ) was selected as an additive in trace amounts to the PVDF/Li-based electrolytes. TFBQ uniformly formed lithophilic quinone lithium salt (Li2TFBQ) in the SEI. Li2TFBQ has high lithium-ion affinity and low potential barrier and can be used as the dominant agent to guide uniform lithium deposition. The results showed that PVDF/Li-TFBQ 0.05 with a mass ratio of PVDF to TFBQ of 1:0.05 had the highest ionic conductivity of 2.39 × 10−4 S cm−1, and the electrochemical stability window reached 5.0 V. Moreover, PVDF/Li-TFBQ CSE demonstrated superior lithium dendrite suppression, which was confirmed by long-term lithium stripping/sedimentation tests over 2000 and 650 h at a current of 0.1 and 0.2 mA cm−2, respectively. The assembled solid-state LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||Li cell showed an excellent performance rate and cycle stability at 30 °C. This study greatly promotes the practical research of solid-state electrolytes.

With the development of our army's informatization and actual combat, the transfer of ordnance has become more frequent, and higher requirements have been placed on the efficiency, accuracy and security of data recording during the transfer. At present, the data management of our military ordnance allocation still uses manual methods. This method has the disadvantages of inconvenient storage of transfer slips, handwriting errors, and information leakage during the flow. At the same time, staff query and statistical transfer data are inconvenient and inaccurate. This design research uses database technology to manage the transfer data to overcome the current shortcomings in the management of ordnance transfer data. The research uses QR code technology to realize the exchange of transfer data, and solves the problem of reading the transfer data and lowering the accuracy of entry. This system uses C # language for development and design in Visual Studio2015 software. The data is stored in the SQL server database. The QR code technology is used to develop and design a transfer management software based on two-dimensional bar code to exchange offline data. By operating the software, operators can realize the exchange of transfer data, query and statistics of historical transfer data, and at the same time can ensure efficiency, accuracy and security.

At least 17 million people die from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) every year, ranking it first among causes of death of human beings, and its incidence is gradually increasing. Typical characteristics of AMI include acute onset and poor prognosis. At present, there is no satisfactory treatment, but development of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) can be key to improving prognosis. Recent research indicates that the levels of cytokines, including those related to promoting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis, increase after the onset of AMI. In the early phase of AMI, cytokines play a vital role in inducing development of collateral circulation. However, when myocardial infarction is decompensated, cytokine secretion increases greatly, which may induce a cytokine storm and worsen prognosis. Cytokines can regulate the activation of a variety of signal pathways and form a complex network, which may promote or inhibit the establishment of collateral circulation. We searched for published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar, employing the keyword “acute myocardial infarction”, “coronary collateral circulation” and “cytokine storm”, to clarify the relationship between AMI and a cytokine storm, and how a cytokine storm affects the growth of collateral circulation after AMI, so as to explore treatment methods based on cytokine agents or inhibitors used to improve prognosis of AMI.

Melatonin (MEL) is an indole amine molecule primarily produced in the pineal gland. Melatonin has been shown in numerous studies to have antifibrotic effects on the kidney, liver, and other organs. However, it is still unclear how melatonin works in bladder fibrosis. We explored how melatonin affects animals with bladder fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. MEL was used to treat human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBdSMCs) after they were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Proteomic analysis and bioinformatic analysis of the altered expression of these proteins were subsequently performed on HBdSMCs from the different processing methods. To construct an in vivo bladder fibrosis model, we injected protamine sulfate (PS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) twice a week into the rat bladder for six weeks. After two weeks of PS/LPS treatment, the mice in the treatment group were treated with MEL (20 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. Finally, we detected the expression of fibrosis markers from different perspectives. The TGF-β1/Smad pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cell and bladder tissues were also identified. Further proteomic analysis was also performed. In vitro, we found that TGF-β1 treatment enhanced the expression of the fibrosis markers collagen III and α-SMA in HBdSMCs. E-cadherin expression decreased while the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was activated. Vimentin and N-cadherin expression was also elevated at the same time. Similar findings were observed in the LPS group. After MEL treatment, the expression of collagen III and α-SMA decreased, the expression of E-cadherin increased, and the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin also decreased. According to our quantitative proteomics analysis, CCN1 and SQLE may be important proteins involved in the development of bladder fibrosis. MEL decreased the expression of these genes, leading to the relief of bladder fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the extracellular space structure related to metabolic pathways, actin filament binding, and stress fibers can serve as a pivotal focus in the management of fibrosis. Melatonin attenuates bladder fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and EMT. CCN1 appears to be a possible therapeutic target for bladder fibrosis.

We describe a novel method for determining the degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosans from fiber-optic measurements of refractive index. Theory analyses and the experimental setup of the method are introduced and discussed. The analytical performance of the method is described for the determination of alkaline titration end-points. Experimental results reveal that the equivalence point can be directly identified from the titration curve. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, accurate, reliable, and easy to operate for industrial application. The DD values of four chitosan samples obtained with this new method show good agreement with those yielded from 1 H NMR. Such a mechanism of refractive-index monitor should open up a new application in the field of chitosanolytic enzymes, such as chitosanase, pectinase that are important in bioprocesses.

In order to compare the clinical effects of different access surgical approaches in the treatment of Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures, a total of 68 patients with Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior-lateral aspect admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were grouped based on the different surgical access approaches, of which Patients treated with medial combined posterior-lateral approach were recorded as Group A ( =34), and patients treated with posterior medial inverted L incision combined with anterior-lateral approach were recorded as Group B ( =34). The surgical indexes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss) of the two groups were observed and compared, and the clinical efficacy of the patients was evaluated based on the New York Surgical Hospital (HSS) scores and imaging review, as well as the postoperative complications and the quality of life of the patients. Through the experiment, the operation time and intraoperative blood loss index of group A were better than that of group B ( < 0.05); the HSS scores of the two groups were significantly improved with time ( < 0.05), and at the same time, based on the follow-up observation, there was no significant difference between the HSS scores of the two groups of patients in the period of 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up ( > 0.05); up to the time of the last follow-up visit, the patients of the two groups had received the imaging examination, and no The mean knee range of motion in group A was 126. 32°±5. 48° (0-7°; 114-139°), and the mean knee range of motion in group B was 127.56°±6.78° (0-10°; 113-140°), and there was no statistically significant difference in the knee range of motion between the two groups ( =0.05). Range of motion was not statistically different ( =0.829, =0.409); the incidence of postoperative complications in Group A was 14.71% (5/34) was slightly higher than the incidence of postoperative complications in Group B was 11.76% (4/34), but this difference was not significant ( 2=0.128, =0.720); the quality of life of patients in the two groups was improved over time ( <0.05) and based on the SF36 scale score at 6 and 12 months of follow-up there was no significant difference in the quality of life between the two groups ( > 0.05). The above results showed that the operation time and intraoperative bleeding of the medial combined posterior-lateral approach were less than that of the posterior medial inverted L incision combined anterior-lateral approach. Still, there was no significant difference between the two in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. The choice of surgical approach should be determined by combining the characteristics of fracture morphology, the objective conditions of instrumentation, and the patient’s individuality.