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This paper aims to analyze regulatory cooperation in international trade agreements by combining petri net models with intuitionistic fuzzy petri net models. A security information system for international trade agreements combines formal mathematical methods with visual graphics. The correlation matrix and invariants method is utilized to analyze invariants in international trade agreements. The correlation matrix reorganization algorithm is employed to examine correlation factors in the decision-making process of international trade agreements. The results show that the fuzzy Petri net model has the least fluctuation in analyzing the information security posture value of international trade agreements, and the security posture value floats between 6.7 and 7.3. The newest ITA regulation is 0.2 higher than the traditional regulation in consistency, the embodiment of the newest ITA regulation in democracy is 0.75, and the transparency in the newest ITA regulation is increased by 0.3. This paper’s research enhances the useful data and information for analyzing the factors influencing ITAs’ decision-making.

Objective To create and verify a machine learning model that integrates social determinants of health (SDoH) for assessing post-stroke depression (PSD) and examining the association between SDoH and disease outcomes. Methods Data were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was employed to analyse the association between SDoH and PSD, whereas Cox regression was utilized to assess the correlation between SDoH and all-cause mortality in PSD. The Boruta algorithm was employed for feature selection, and four machine learning models were constructed (CatBoost, Logistic, Multilayer Perceptron, and Random Forest) to evaluate the predictive effectiveness, calibration, and clinical applicability of these ML models. SHAP values were computed to ascertain the predictive significance of each feature in the model that exhibited the highest predictive performance. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between SDoH and PSD prevalence( p for trend < 0.0001). Compared to the other three models, CatBoost (AUC = 0.966) demonstrated the best overall predictive performance. Moreover, the decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curve findings demonstrated that the CatBoost model possessed considerable clinical utility and consistent predictive efficacy. The ten-fold cross-validation method further confirmed the model’s robustness and generalization ability. Conclusions A linear relationship exists between SDoH and PSD, with CatBoost demonstrating the best performance in predicting PSD. SHAP values emphasize the importance of SDoH.

Background Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, but its role in hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels may promote endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation, all of which can contribute to vessel wall fragility and susceptibility to rupture. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between plasma homocysteine level and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Method We used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with data from two independent groups to determine whether plasma homocysteine levels have a causal relationship with ICH. Genetic variants linked to homocysteine levels were taken from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS), which included 44,147 people of European ancestry. Data on primary (non-traumatic) spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were obtained from the FinnGen database, which comprised 7,763 cases and 412,105 controls, all of European ancestry. Primary Mendelian randomization estimates were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted method, with additional analyses conducted using alternative methods and multiple sensitivity tests. Result We found that genetic predisposition to higher plasma homocysteine levels was significantly associated with an increased risk of spontaneous ICH. Specifically, each one-unit increase in the natural logarithm of genetically predicted homocysteine levels was associated with 41% higher odds of ICH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.80, P = 0.0046), based on the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. This Mendelian randomization analysis involved 13 independent genetic variants (SNPs) as instrumental variables. No significant heterogeneity was observed among these SNPs (Cochran's Q test, P = 0.7818), indicating consistency across the genetic instruments used. Additionally, MR-Egger regression intercept analysis did not reveal evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (intercept = 0.0178, p = 0.3676), further supporting the robustness of our results. Visual inspection of scatter plots also did not identify obvious outliers or influential SNPs. Conclusions Total homocysteine levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of ICH. These findings suggest that homocysteine-lowering strategies may warrant further investigation as a potential approach to reduce the risk and progression of ICH, particularly in individuals with a genetic predisposition to elevated homocysteine levels.

Fish processing is an indispensable part of fish food production. It mainly involves de-heading, gutting, filleting, skinning, trimming, and slicing, with the cutting operations holding a critical role. Unfortunately, inefficiency, low quality, and poor safety are the primary problems facing the fish processing industry today, dramatically hindering the automation and intelligence of fish processing. Consequently, it is vital to develop intelligent cutting in current fish processing in an efficient, high-quality, and safe manner. This review summarizes the main cutting techniques for fish processing. The critical techniques to achieve intelligent cutting in fish processing from imaging, image processing, and modeling dimensions are outlined, with their applications in practical fish processing. Fish characteristics, cutting mechanisms, and cutting process control are emphasized. In addition, Industry 4.0 technologies, especially the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and digital twins (DT), are emphasized. Finally, challenges and future work are highlighted, which will serve as references for subsequent researchers and enterprises engaged in this field to promote the automation and intelligence of fish processing production, ultimately realizing the high-efficiency, high-quality, and safe production of fish food products.

Abstract Background and aims Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and comorbid coronary artery disease or cerebral infarction carry substantial vulnerability to mid-term ischemic events. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary prevention effect of different aneurysm management strategies, treating the antithrombotic exposure mandated by stent-assisted coiling (SAC) with prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as the principal mechanism of interest, and assessing whether this regimen confers superior mid-term systemic ischemic protection compared with surgical clipping (SC) or simple coiling. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1,954 consecutive UIA patients with systemic vascular risk factors. Treatment exposures were categorized into: SC (n=611, reference), simple coiling (n=338), and SAC (STENT-based, n=1,005). The primary outcome was the 6-month ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular event rate, representing mid-term systemic ischemic vulnerability under each treatment-associated antithrombotic exposure. Baseline demographics, vascular comorbidities, and aneurysm characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Mid-term risk associations were evaluated using independently refitted propensity-balanced matched cohorts for treatment-specific exposure contrasts. Results Compared with the SC reference exposure, the 6-month ischemic CCVE risk was lowest under STENT-based/DAPT exposure (3.6%), followed by COIL-only exposure (9.7%), and highest under surgical clipping exposure (22.4%), demonstrating a sustained mid-term ischemic risk gradient consistent with a treatment-associated risk-modifying signal favoring prolonged DAPT exposure. Conclusions Among UIA patients with systemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, prolonged DAPT exposure mandated by stent-assisted coiling exhibited the strongest mid-term systemic ischemic risk reduction signal, supporting its potential role as a treatment-associated secondary prevention strategy beyond localized aneurysm exclusion alone. Conflict of interest YINGCHAO HE: nothing to disclose. YINZHOU WANG: nothing to disclose. Table 1 - belongs to Results

Accurate intracranial artery segmentation from Digital Subtraction Angiography is critical for the diagnosis and interventional treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, traditional methods struggle to capture dynamic spatiotemporal dependencies, often leading to vascular discontinuity and the loss of fine distal vessels due to background interference and resolution loss. In this study, we propose the Wavelet-Enhanced Spatiotemporal Connectivity-Preserving Network (WESCP-Net), a novel framework designed to synergize physical priors with frequency-domain feature extraction. Specifically, we introduce a Physically-Guided Spatiotemporal Enhancement module that explicitly exploits hemodynamic flow variance to differentiate active vascular signals from static artifacts. To address the loss of high-frequency spatial details in standard downsampling, we incorporate a Wavelet-Integrated Encoder and a Topology-Aware Reconstruction module, which utilize discrete wavelet transforms to preserve sharp vessel boundaries and restore structural connectivity. Experimental results on the DIAS dataset demonstrate that WESCP-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance, yielding a Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.7982 and an Intersection over Union score of 0.6422. Notably, its connectivity-preserving mechanism achieves a clDice metric of 0.7135, improving the continuity of vascular terminals. WESCP-Net provides a robust technological paradigm for precise cerebrovascular segmentation, facilitating reliable surgical navigation and quantitative diagnosis.

Background PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays important role in tumorigenesis of human cancer. Protein phosphorylation is crucial for signaling transduction of this pathway. PIK3CA, encoding the catalytic subunit p110α of PI3K complex, is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers. However, phosphorylation sites of PIK3CA/p110α and their underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Methods Tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PIK3CA/p110α are identified with Mass-Spectrum. Crispr/CAS9 strategy is applied to generate Y317F and Y508F mutant knock-in cell clones. The growth and metastasis abilities of cells are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Phospho-proteomics analysis and Western blots are used to demonstrate downstream signaling pathways of PIK3CA/p110α tyrosine phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay is applied to identify the kinase of PIK3CA/p110α tyrosine phosphorylation. Results Tyrosine phosphorylation of PIK3CA/p110α is stimulated by growth factors such as EGF, HGF and PDGF. Two tyrosine residues, Y317 and Y508, are identified on PIK3CA/p110α. Either Y317 or Y508 phosphorylation is essential for tumorigenesis of CRC. Mutation at Y317 of p110α reduces the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells through Src-MLC2 pathway, while mutation at Y508 of p110α impairs AKT signaling. Moreover, Src interacts with and phosphorylates p110α. Conclusions PIK3CA/p110α phosphorylation at Y317 and Y508 play important role in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through two independent pathways.

The combination of SiC quantum dots sensitized inverse opal TiO 2 photocatalyst is designed in this work and then applied in wastewater purification under simulated sunlight. From various spectroscopic techniques, it is found that electrons transfer directionally from SiC quantum dots to inverse opal TiO 2 , and the energy difference between their conduction/valence bands can reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and provide a pathway with low interfacial resistance for charge transfer inside the composite. As a result, a typical type-II mechanism is proved to dominate the photoinduced charge transfer process. Meanwhile, the composite achieves excellent photocatalytic performances (the highest apparent kinetic constant of 0.037 min −1 ), which is 6.2 times (0.006 min −1 ) and 2.1 times (0.018 min −1 ) of the bare inverse opal TiO 2 and commercial P25 photocatalysts. Therefore, the stability and non-toxicity of SiC quantum dots sensitized inverse opal TiO 2 composite enables it with great potential in practical photocatalytic applications.

Stroke remains a major cause of disability worldwide, and population-level indicators that integrate multidimensional vulnerability with physiological reserve may provide useful perspectives for characterizing cerebrovascular health in aging populations. This cross-sectional study examined the association between the Frailty-to-estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Ratio (FCR) and self-reported prevalent stroke among middle-aged and older adults using NHANES 2011–2014 data. FCR was calculated as a 23-item modified Frailty Index divided by estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, providing an interpretable load-to-reserve measure that linked accumulated health deficits with estimated cardiorespiratory reserve. The final analytical sample included 3511 participants aged 45 years or older. Survey-weighted logistic regression models, sensitivity analyses, exploratory subgroup analyses, and spline models were used to evaluate the association. The weighted prevalence of self-reported prevalent stroke increased across FCR quartiles, from 2.2% in Q1 to 12.9% in Q4. In the conventional clinical adjustment model, participants in the highest FCR quartile had greater odds of self-reported prevalent stroke than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 6.13, 95% CI: 2.97–12.66; p<0.001), with similar findings in the overlap-aware model (OR = 6.31, 95% CI: 3.07–12.97; p<0.001). Log-transformed FCR was also consistently associated with greater odds of self-reported prevalent stroke across adjustment models, and spline analysis suggested a generally increasing association. These findings support FCR, particularly when modeled using quartiles or log-transformed values, as an interpretable integrative load-to-reserve construct associated with self-reported prevalent stroke, and suggest its potential relevance for population-based characterization of cerebrovascular health in aging adults.

In a dual-chamber photocatalytic fuel cell device, polyvinyl alcohol degradation and H 2 evolution were concurrently achieved. The setup involved commercial P25 as the photoanode and Ag@Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles as the cathode. Additionally, the feasibility of a Fenton-like reaction in the cathode, utilizing Fe 2+ ions and pumped O 2 , was demonstrated. Different cathode materials, polyvinyl alcohol types, and pH values’ effects were assessed on device performance. Quenching tests highlighted photoinduced holes (h + ) and OH· radicals as pivotal contributions to polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Long-term stability of the device was established through cycling experiments.