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"Healey, Patsy"
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\COLLABORATIVE PLANNING\ IN PERSPECTIVE
This article presents a personal review by the author of Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies, published in 1997. It explains how the book came to be written and makes some comments on the various criticisms it has attracted. The first section introduces key experiences that fed into the book followed by a brief summary of the key ideas that underpin its arguments. In reviewing the critiques, the article focuses in particular on the treatment of 'context', the emphasis on 'process', the use of 'social theory', and 'power', and the development of 'institutionalist' analysis. This is followed by a comment on the normative biases in the work. In conclusion, the author makes a plea for continuing attention to the complexity and diversity of urban governance contexts and the importance for practical action of grasping the particularities of situated governance dynamics.
Journal Article
Crossing Borders
The complex diffusion processes affecting the flow of planning ideas and practices across the globe are illustrated in this book. It raises questions about why and how some ideas and practices attract international attention, and about the invention processes which go on when external influences are woven together with local efforts to meet local specifics and requirements.
Initiated to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the journal Planning Theory and Practice in 2009, this book reflects the themes of the journal.
Taking different intellectual perspectives, this collection takes a critical look at the international diffusion of planning ideas and practices, their impacts on planning practices in different contexts, on the challenge of ‘situating’ planning practices, and on the ethical and methodological issues of international exchange in the planning field.
eBook
The universal and the contingent: Some reflections on the transnational flow of planning ideas and practices
In this essay, I reflect on the way planning concepts, techniques, instruments and the general idea of 'planning' itself flow from one place to another, particularly in the context of the transnational flow of planning ideas. In the past, our conception of such flows was underpinned by linear and singular models of development pathways – the 'modernization' myth. This rendered them apparently benign and positive contributions to 'development'. Today, such concepts have been replaced by a recognition of contingency and complexity, which highlights the particular histories and challenges of localities in different parts of the world, and the damaging consequences when external ideas about planning and development are planted upon specific histories and geographies. This refocusing in turn raises questions about any general meaning of 'planning' as a universal good technology for complex urbanized societies. The paper reviews these shifts in conception, and then considers firstly how, as planning academics and practitioners, we should build narratives around particular 'travelling' planning ideas, to help critical learning in places where such ideas get to 'land'. Secondly, I suggest how the idea of 'planning' itself might be approached, as a general concept contingently evolving through the experiences and debates we engage in as a 'community of inquirers' through which we compose and construct our field of interest. In such a formulation, the general idea of planning is lodged in the tradition of experience, innovation, debate and critique which have accumulated around the practices of managing co-existence in complex urbanized societies.
Journal Article
Strategic Spatial Planning and Regional Governance in Europe
Barrie Maguire's image of a woman stitching together the Irish landscape reflects the central question behind this Longer View: What will recent strategic spatial planning efforts in Europe give us? In the case of Northern Ireland, the quilt sewn from separate pieces of the landscape might represent that state's desire to establish cohesion while respecting diversity. Albrechts, Healy, and Kunzmann show that there and elsewhere, spatial planning efforts are stitching together new regional patterns for many parts of Europe.
Maguire is a graduate of Notre Dame University and comes from a family of artists. He has worked as a creative director at Hallmark Cards, a book designer and illustrator, and a newspaper editorial illustrator. Since visiting Ireland in 1998, he has focused on painting. He lives in Pennsylvania, and more of his work can be seen on his family's Web site,
http://www.maguiregallery.com
.
This article examines recent experiences in Europe in the preparation and use of strategic spatial frameworks to guide territorial development in city regions. It discusses the recent revival of interest in such strategic planning and the driving forces that create the momentum for it. We examine three cases recognised as in the forefront of this revival: the 1996 Spatial Strategy for the Hanover City Region, the 1997 Spatial Structure Plan for Flanders, and the 2001 Northern Ireland Regional Development Strategy. Each is described in terms of context and motivations, policy approaches and concepts, institutional arenas, impacts, and outcomes. The article concludes with general lessons from these cases and the European experience generally for the enterprise of strategic spatial planning.
Journal Article
Creating public value through caring for place
This essay argues for a relational approach to place qualities and their governance. The argument is developed through a discussion of first, the meaning and significance of place, second, the formation of collective attention, publics and the civil sphere; and third, the challenge of developing moral frames among such publics within which complex judgements about conflicting perceptions and values about place qualities can be situated. Promoting public value through caring for place in this way could act as a significant learning arena for renewing practices of democratic engagement.
Journal Article
'My Voice: My Place': Tracking Transformations in Urban Governance
This paper develops an institutionalist framework for analysing transformations in urban governance, focusing in particular on assessing the potential of initiatives designed to 'mainstream' citizen participation and 'voice' in local government processes. The framework centres on an analytical conception of levels of social formation: specific episodes of collective action; the on-going work of governance practices and discourse formation and use; and underpinning culturally embedded assumptions and habits. The central argument is that transformations in urban governance capacity need to penetrate all three levels to effect enduring changes in governance cultures. The framework is used to assess the early experience of an attempt to introduce 'area committees' by Newcastle City Council, UK, and their ability to act as a 'voice for place'. The paper examines how far the area committee initiative has the potential to achieve the objectives set for it, the qualities of the emerging governance processes in the initiative and their potential to transform the wider context of urban governance in the city.
Journal Article
Relational concepts of space and place: Issues for planning theory and practice
This paper seeks to conceptualize and explore the changing relationships between planning action and practice and the dynamics of place. It argues that planning practice is grappling with new treatments of place, based on dynamic, relational constructs, rather than the Euclidean, deterministic, and one-dimensional treatments inherited from the 'scientific' approaches of the 1960s and early 1970s. But such emerging planning practices remain poorly served by planning theory which has so far failed to produce sufficiently robust and sophisticated conceptual treatments of place in today's globalizing' world. In this paper we attempt to draw on a wide range of recent advances in social theory to begin constructing such a treatment. The paper has four parts. First, we criticize the legacy of object-oriented, Euclidean concepts of planning theory and practice, and their reliance on 'containered' views of space and time. Second, we construct a relational understanding of time, space and cities by drawing together four strands of recent social theory. These are: relational theories of urban time-space, dynamic conceptualizations of 'multiplex' places and cities, the 'new' urban and regional socio-economics, and emerging theories of social agency and institutional ordering. In the third section, we apply such perspectives to three worlds of planning practice: land use regulation, policy frameworks and development plans, and the development of 'customized spaces' in urban 'regeneration'. Finally, by way of conclusion, we suggest some pointers for practising planning in a relational way.
Journal Article
A Sociological Institutionalist Approach to the Study of Innovation in Governance Capacity
This paper draws on institutionalist approaches as developed in the fields of policy analysis and planning, to develop a methodological approach for assessing how the governance capacity for socially innovative action might emerge. After introducing the problematic of the search for governance relations which have the capacity for social innovation, the second and third parts of the paper summarise the emerging social-constructivist 'institutionalist' approach in policy analysis and planning. The fourth part draws on a three-level analytical model of governance dynamics to explore the dynamics and dialectics of urban governance transformation processes, illustrated with a case study of a socially innovative area-based initiative. The final section considers the power dynamics of episodes of socially innovative governance arising from within civil society and their potential to transform wider governance processes and cultures.
Journal Article