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"Heier, Siegfried"
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Grid integration of wind energy : onshore and offshore conversion systems
\"This timely update provides detailed treatment of the integration of wind power into electrical power systems, including brand new material on offshore wind power farms and technologiesThis third English edition is based on new material from the fourth and fifth German editions (Windkraftanlagen: Systemauslegung, Netzintegration und Regelung, 5. Auflage, published by Teubner B.G. Gmbh, July 2009). It answers the question of how, with the proper control and direction, wind turbines can be made to operate more similarly to conventional power plants. The revised third edition addresses the engineering challenges of cost effective transmission and distribution of wind power, such as technical, economic and safety issues. It also incorporates all the recent technical developments in electrical power conversion systems and essential operating conditions, and includes unique, original research findings carried out by the author's own PhD and Masters students at Kassel University, Germany. This popular reference book has been updated to include new material from the fourth and fifth German editions, equating to 12.5% brand new material New material covers the 'hot topic' of grid connection for offshore wind farms and offshore technologies, including lots of illustrations Brand new material on low voltage fault dynamics and control of turbines Includes up-to-date coverage on completely new generator developments for wind turbines, developed over the past two years Illustrates how wind turbines can operate like conventional power plants using advanced control systems. Discusses the profitability of wind turbine integration in electrical power grids, and the environmental impact \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Grid Integration of Wind Energy
This popular reference describes the integration of wind-generated power into electrical power systems and, with the use of advanced control systems, illustrates how wind farms can be made to operate like conventional power plants. Fully revised, the third edition provides up-to-date coverage on new generator developments for wind turbines, recent technical developments in electrical power conversion systems, control design and essential operating conditions. With expanded coverage of offshore technologies, this edition looks at the characteristics and static and dynamic behaviour of offshore wind farms and their connection to the mainland grid. Brand new material includes: * comprehensive treatment of onshore and offshore grid integration * updated legislative guidelines for the design, construction and installation of wind power plants * the fundamental characteristics and theoretical tools of electrical and mechanical components and their interactions * new and future types of generators, converters, power electronics and controller designs * improved use of grid capacities and grid support for fixed- and variable-speed controlled wind power plants * options for grid control and power reserve provision in wind power plants and wind farms This resource is an excellent guide for researchers and practitioners involved in the planning, installation and grid integration of wind turbines and power plants. It is also highly beneficial to university students studying wind power technology, renewable energy and power systems, and to practitioners in wind engineering, turbine design and manufacture and electrical power engineering.
eBook
Wind Energy Power Plants
The worldwide potential of wind power means that its contribution to electricity production can be of significant proportions. This chapter provides a brief glance into the history of wind energy power plants and their developmental stages. It also discusses different wind turbine designs and systems and explains the processes of mechanical‐electrical power conversion. Particular importance is assigned to the interconnection of wind turbines to form wind farms and their combined effect in grid connection. It considers various real operational situations, the essential differences between the systems involved and the resulting effects on supply to the grid, taking as a basis the functional structure of wind power machines and their influences. A nacelle layout is illustrated to explain that with the correct design, the influences of the tower and of steering in response to changes in wind direction can be handled separately or treated as changes in wind velocity.
Book Chapter
Control and Supervision of Wind Turbines
Intervention into turbine driving power is possible at all times in thermal power stations. To the wind turbine control system, only short‐term wind‐speed changes are of importance, whereas the management system must also take into account variations in the medium term. The management system, together with the control system, must take account of both consumer characteristics and conditions, and those of the turbine and its components. The chapter discusses these demands. The interaction between input systems and users strongly influences the behavior of the entire configuration in weak grids, and in particular in isolated operation. Viewed as a whole, wind turbines can be set up using management and control systems such that they are suited for supplying electrical energy to isolated networks and particularly to the supply structures in the grid. The chapter also explains control concepts and the controller design and operating modes of wind turbines.
Book Chapter
Using Wind Energy
The use of wind power for the supply of electricity broadens the energy base and reduces environmental pollution. It is particularly practical if it can be made to be economically competitive with conventional energy sources. Good wind conditions at the planned site of a turbine or wind farm must be viewed as being the most important prerequisite for the economical exploitation of wind energy. In the context of wind energy exploitation, differentiation between the site and economic potential is required. energy sources that are still considered to be uneconomic today could bring many social and ecological advantages in the short, medium and long term. Changes caused by people in the landscape, nature, climate and the animal world on land, at sea and in the air have effects on the overall ecosystem. The chapter provides good comparison possibilities by figures for energy amortization and the yield factor.
Book Chapter
Generating Electrical Energy from Mechanical Energy
The generators used in wind power plants for the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy should be almost exclusively synchronous or asynchronous. This chapter discusses the constraints imposed by the environment and the demands made of the electrical machines in consequence, as well as to the torques engendered in the generator. Rotating field generators are used almost exclusively in the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. Knowledge of the torques involved in the complete system is important for deciding which measures are to be applied to protect the drive train. The chapter examines parameters for estimating the order of magnitude and extreme conditions of static and dynamic torques. Referring to the descriptions of generator‐side steady‐state and dynamic torques, simplified simulation models can be developed. The chapter also talks about normal design processes for electrical machines, machine data such as mass and cost values.
Book Chapter
The Transfer of Electrical Energy to the Supply Grid
With regards to the transfer of energy to electrical supply installations, there needs to be a differentiation between systems with limited supply options that either operate in isolation or supply weak grids and unlimited capacity connection with the rigid grid. Wind energy converters should give reliable operation in both areas of application. This chapter commences with a discussion on power conditioning and grid connection. It talks about the requirements and equipment for the grid connection of wind turbines. The chapter briefly describes the fundamental characteristics of power semiconductors for converters and important power converter components. It explains grid protection encompassing measures for protection against excessively high currents and voltages in individual supply levels that could damage components and devices. Resonance effects, grid control and protection, grid connection rules, grid connection in the offshore region, and integration of the wind energy into the grid and provision of energy are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Wind Energy Conversion Systems
This chapter discusses drive torque or performance properties, the structures based thereon and the actions necessary to limit turbine speed, together with reaction effects of the transmission on the turbine. It describes the determination of the variables influencing the wind turbine, beginning with the forces on the rotor blades or on small areas, and derivation of the resulting drive torque and corresponding output power in examining the operational characteristics of a wind energy converter. The chapter talks about turbine manipulation, which includes explaining turbine yawing, rotor blade pitch variation, and limiting power by stall control. It discusses the structure of a mechanical drive train of a geared wind turbine and presents a simpler construction of a gearless model. Essential construction data of a wind power plant and available reference values for machine costs as a function of capacity are also discussed.
Book Chapter