Explore the vast range of titles available.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common epithelial skin cancer. Other than cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, apart from its aggressive loco-regional destructive growth, it has a very good prognosis. However, metastasis is reported in the literature. Nevertheless, its existence is still discussed controversially and the diagnosis is difficult. We describe the case of a 60-year-old man who had been diagnosed with lymph node and lung metastases of a basaloid carcinoma. Re-microscopy of earlier excised skin tumors revealed a locally recurrent BCC with a histomorphological similar appearance. Additionally performed molecular genetic analysis revealed identical telomerase reverse transcriptase-promoter mutation in the cutaneous BCC and in the lymph node metastasis with a typical UV-signature.

Introduction: Due to the expanding role of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in modern medicine, medical schools rapidly include ultrasound training in their curriculum. The objective of this study was to compare simulator-based training along with classical teaching, using human models, to impart focused transthoracic echocardiography examination. Subject and Methods: A total of 22 medical students, with no former transthoracic echocardiography training, undertook a 90-min e-learning module, dealing with focused echocardiography and important echocardiographic pathologies. Subsequently, they had to complete a multiple-choice-questioner, followed by a 120-min practical training session either on the Heartworks™, (Cardiff, UK) and the CAE Vimedix®, (Québec, Canada) simulator (n = 10) or on a live human model (n = 12). Finally, both groups had to complete a post-test consisting of ten video-based multiple-choice-questions and a time-based, focused echocardiography examination on another human model. Two blinded expert observers scored each acquired loop which recorded 2 s of each standard view. Statistical analysis was performed with SPPS 24 (SPSS™ 24, IBM, USA) using the Mann-Whitney-Test to compare both groups. Results: Analysis of measurable outcome skills showed no significant difference between transthoracic echocardiography training on human models and high-fidelity simulators for undergraduate medical students. Conclusions: Both teaching methods are effective and lead to the intended level of knowledge and skills.