Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
7,576
result(s) for
"Henderson, John"
Sort by:
The Interface of Language, Vision, and Action
This book brings together chapters from investigators on the leading edge on this new research area to explore on the leading edge on this new research area to explore common theoretical issues, empirical findings, technical problems, and outstanding questions. This book will serve as a blueprint for work on the interface of vision, language, and action over the next five to ten years.
eBook
U.S. politics as a reminder of historical losses in American Indian Adults: Implications for political participation
Historical loss (HL) is a contributor to experiences of historical trauma and its negative impacts on American Indians. The relationship between HL, U.S. politics and political participation among American Indians has not been examined. Minority groups can become politically active through perceiving discrimination or injustices against them. Measures of HL contain items related to the discrimination and injustices that American Indians have experienced. While the Historical Loss Scale (HLS) measures the frequency with which American Indians think about HL, it does not measure the degree to which U.S. Politics may act as a reminder of HL. Here, we introduce an adaptation of the HLS: the U.S. Politics as a Loss Reminder Scale (USPLRS), measuring the degree to which U.S. politics may remind American Indian adults of HL, with higher scores reflecting a greater association between U.S. politics and HL. A sample of 877 American Indian adults completed a series of questionnaires including the HLS, USPLRS, and measures of political participation during the November 2020 national election cycle. Results revealed a 3-factor structure of the USPLRS related to losses due to Government Mistreatment, Interpersonal Loss, and Respect. Scores on both the HLS and USPLRS were positively associated with political participation, with the USPLRS exhibiting incremental validity beyond the HLS.
Journal Article
Clinical impact of pharmacogenetic profiling with a clinical decision support tool in polypharmacy home health patients: A prospective pilot randomized controlled trial
In polypharmacy patients under home health management, pharmacogenetic testing coupled with guidance from a clinical decision support tool (CDST) on reducing drug, gene, and cumulative interaction risk may provide valuable insights in prescription drug treatment, reducing re-hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits. We assessed the clinical impact of pharmacogenetic profiling integrating binary and cumulative drug and gene interaction warnings on home health polypharmacy patients.
This prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted at one hospital-based home health agency between February 2015 and February 2016. Recruitment came from patient referrals to home health at hospital discharge. Eligible patients were aged 50 years and older and taking or initiating treatment with medications with potential or significant drug-gene-based interactions. Subjects (n = 110) were randomized to pharmacogenetic profiling (n = 57). The study pharmacist reviewed drug-drug, drug-gene, and cumulative drug and/or gene interactions using the YouScript® CDST to provide drug therapy recommendations to clinicians. The control group (n = 53) received treatment as usual including pharmacist guided medication management using a standard drug information resource. The primary outcome measure was the number of re-hospitalizations and ED visits at 30 and 60 days after discharge from the hospital. The mean number of re-hospitalizations per patient in the tested vs. untested group was 0.25 vs. 0.38 at 30 days (relative risk (RR), 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32-1.28; P = 0.21) and 0.33 vs. 0.70 at 60 days following enrollment (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.82; P = 0.007). The mean number of ED visits per patient in the tested vs. untested group was 0.25 vs. 0.40 at 30 days (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.31-1.21; P = 0.16) and 0.39 vs. 0.66 at 60 days (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.99; P = 0.045). Differences in composite outcomes at 60 days (exploratory endpoints) were also found. Of the total 124 drug therapy recommendations passed on to clinicians, 96 (77%) were followed. These findings should be verified with additional prospective confirmatory studies involving real-world applications in larger populations to broaden acceptance in routine clinical practice.
Pharmacogenetic testing of polypharmacy patients aged 50 and older, supported by an appropriate CDST, considerably reduced re-hospitalizations and ED visits at 60 days following enrollment resulting in potential health resource utilization savings and improved healthcare.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02378220.
Journal Article
Predicting Cognitive State from Eye Movements
In human vision, acuity and color sensitivity are greatest at the center of fixation and fall off rapidly as visual eccentricity increases. Humans exploit the high resolution of central vision by actively moving their eyes three to four times each second. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to classify the task that a person is engaged in from their eye movements using multivariate pattern classification. The results have important theoretical implications for computational and neural models of eye movement control. They also have important practical implications for using passively recorded eye movements to infer the cognitive state of a viewer, information that can be used as input for intelligent human-computer interfaces and related applications.
Journal Article
Florence under siege : surviving plague in an early modern city
A vivid recreation of how the governors and governed of early seventeenth-century Florence confronted, suffered, and survived a major epidemic of plague Plague remains the paradigm against which reactions to many epidemics are often judged. Here, John Henderson examines how a major city fought, suffered, and survived the impact of plague. Going beyond traditional oppositions between rich and poor, this book provides a nuanced and more compassionate interpretation of government policies in practice, by recreating the very human reactions and survival strategies of families and individuals. From the evocation of the overcrowded conditions in isolation hospitals to the splendor of religious processions, Henderson analyzes Florentine reactions within a wider European context to assess the effect of state policies on the city, street, and family. Writing in a vivid and approachable way, this book unearths the forgotten stories of doctors and administrators struggling to cope with the sick and dying, and of those who were left bereft and confused by the sudden loss of relatives.
Book
Language structure in the brain: A fixation-related fMRI study of syntactic surprisal in reading
How is syntactic analysis implemented by the human brain during language comprehension? The current study combined methods from computational linguistics, eyetracking, and fMRI to address this question. Subjects read passages of text presented as paragraphs while their eye movements were recorded in an MRI scanner. We parsed the text using a probabilistic context-free grammar to isolate syntactic difficulty. Syntactic difficulty was quantified as syntactic surprisal, which is related to the expectedness of a given word's syntactic category given its preceding context. We compared words with high and low syntactic surprisal values that were equated for length, frequency, and lexical surprisal, and used fixation-related (FIRE) fMRI to measure neural activity associated with syntactic surprisal for each fixated word. We observed greater neural activity for high than low syntactic surprisal in two predicted cortical regions previously identified with syntax: left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and less robustly, left anterior superior temporal lobe (ATL). These results support the hypothesis that left IFG and ATL play a central role in syntactic analysis during language comprehension. More generally, the results suggest a broader cortical network associated with syntactic prediction that includes increased activity in bilateral IFG and insula, as well as fusiform and right lingual gyri.
•Participants read connected text paragraphs naturally with eyetracking and fMRI•Fixation-related (FIRE) fMRI was used to relate syntactic surprisal to activation.•Predicted activation for higher surprisal was observed in left IFG and left ATL.•Activation also seen in bilateral insula; and right IFG, fusiform, and lingual gyri.
Journal Article