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In eight innovative sessions, Henderson, Hanson, and Reynolds provide sage advice, numerous case studies, a wide variety of assessment tools, intructional guidelines, and practical exercises to educate nursing home staff about care of the dying.

A crawfish industry has existed in the Pacific Northwest since at least 1893. The hearth of the signal crawfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)--and the core of the commercial crawfish industry--was Oregon's Willamette Valley and lower Columbia River. The industry has spread--eastward, to Oregon's Lake Billy Chinook and Washington's Snake River. In Oregon, the 2004-2018 average annual harvest of 82,360 pounds was slightly above its 1893-1956 average, but Washington's was less than five percent of that. Recreational crawfishing is popular in both states, and crawfish have become more abundant in seafood markets, in restaurants, and at festivals. The increase in crawfish popularity is attributed in part to culinary trends such as Cajun and Asian-Cajun cuisine, but also to the in-migration of Southerners and ethnic Asians. Nine crawfish festivals in the Pacific Northwest include the oldest crawfish festival in the USA (Tualatin) and newly created festivals. George H. Lewis's rationally constructed food festival theory, in which festivals are linked to specific social goals, is used as a framework to understand these festivals and their origins. Festival managers were interviewed, and Lewis's theory was modified to include generational changes in the role of an iconic species in regional identity. Keywords: crawfish, crawdads, crawfishing, crawfish festivals, signal crawfish, Pacific Northwest

Collaborative efforts employed to address juvenile justice issues within school settings have taken three primary forms: law enforcement education programs provided during the school day; school-based initiatives for a greater law enforcement presence in schools; and other collaborations, usually including a broader network of community organizations. The majority of collaborative efforts employed to address juvenile justice issues in the school environment have been law enforcement education efforts and have only indirectly involved the juvenile court system (Gottfredson, Wilson, and Najka 2002).

The term \"spiritual geography\" as used in the titles of two recent books is discussed. \"Beliefs and Holy Places: A Spiritual Geography of the Pimeria Alta\" by James S. Griffin and \"Dakota: A Spiritual Geography\" by Kathleen Norris both examine what it means to be human through the construct of place.

THE LOCATION AND EFFICIENCY OF SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ARE OFTEN THE RESULT OF CONFLICTS between political entities. Invading political powers have used relocation of population and destruction of first-world patterns of adaptation as methods to control geographic area. This paper interprets the changing settlement patterns of the Chiricahua Apache Indians of the American Southwest as indicative of a conflict in human territoriality. From the early nineteenth century the United States government sought to dominate the territoriality of the Chiricahua through historic policies aimed at assimilating American Indians into mainstream American culture. But human territoriality is based on mechanisms that can be enforced or withdrawn, and since 1950 a relaxation of U. S. territoriality in regard to the Chiricahua has occurred. In this context, modern Chiricahua settlement patterns now indicate a reassertion of traditional Chiricahua spatial patterns. This has, however, occurred in ways that are indicative of thirdworld spatial conditions and social relationships. The duality of Chiricahua settlement patterns over time allows a unique opportunity to investigate the difference between first-and thirdworld patterns for inhabiting the same area.

This paper discusses the role of geography curriculum in teaching cultural diversity by examining the course content in one course taught at the University of Minnesota-Duluth. The course, The Geography of American Indians in the United States and Canada, included lectures, student projects, outside activities, and an evaluation of learning. Course content is identified and three lectures based on Great Lakes Chippewa geography are summarized. Evaluation of learning indicates students improved geographical skills, increased their knowledge of spatial and ecological characteristics of American Indian culture groups, and became familiar with historical and legal parameters of resources use conflicts between local Great Lakes Chippewa and non-Indians in northern Wisconsin.