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During 60S biogenesis, mature 5S RNP consisting of 5S RNA, RpL5 and RpL11, assembles into a pre-60S particle, where docking relies on RpL11 interacting with helix 84 (H84) of the 25S RNA. How 5S RNP is assembled for recruitment into the pre-60S is not known. Here we report the crystal structure of a ternary symportin Syo1–RpL5-N–RpL11 complex and provide biochemical and structural insights into 5S RNP assembly. Syo1 guards the 25S RNA-binding surface on RpL11 and competes with H84 for binding. Pull-down experiments show that H84 releases RpL11 from the ternary complex, but not in the presence of 5S RNA. Crosslinking mass spectrometry visualizes structural rearrangements on incorporation of 5S RNA into the Syo1–RpL5–RpL11 complex supporting the formation of a pre-5S RNP. Our data underline the dual role of Syo1 in ribosomal protein transport and as an assembly platform for 5S RNP. Biogenesis of the 80S ribosome involves more than 200 pre-ribosomal factors, which ensure the sequential assembly of ribosomal proteins and RNAs. Here the authors show that the nuclear transport adaptor Syo1 shields the 5S RNP-docking site on RpL11 before incorporation into the pre-60S through molecular mimicry.

The eukaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) contains an Alu domain, which docks into the factor binding site of translating ribosomes and confers translation retardation. The canonical Alu domain consists of the SRP9/14 protein heterodimer and a tRNA-like folded Alu RNA that adopts a strictly ‘closed’ conformation involving a loop-loop pseudoknot. Here, we study the structure of the Alu domain from Plasmodium falciparum (PfAlu), a divergent apicomplexan protozoan that causes human malaria. Using NMR, SAXS and cryo-EM analyses, we show that, in contrast to its prokaryotic and eukaryotic counterparts, the PfAlu domain adopts an ‘open’ Y-shaped conformation. We show that cytoplasmic P. falciparum ribosomes are non-discriminative and recognize both the open PfAlu and closed human Alu domains with nanomolar affinity. In contrast, human ribosomes do not provide high affinity binding sites for either of the Alu domains. Our analyses extend the structural database of Alu domains to the protozoan species and reveal species-specific differences in the recognition of SRP Alu domains by ribosomes.The SRP Alu domain is involved in co-translational protein targeting. Soni et al. investigate the Alu domain of Plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malaria, and find that unlike any other it adopts an open conformation.

Despite broad agreement that prioritizing health equity is critical to minimizing the health impacts of climate change, there is a lack of clarity about what advancing health equity means in practice. More than reducing health disparities; it also implies engaging and empowering marginalized communities. We propose a typology of health equity processes, focused on building community agency and power, and then apply it to a nonrepresentative, purposive sample of 48 community-based climate actions (CBCAs) selected from lists of projects funded by foundations and state climate programs and from other sources. All CBCAs were in the United States, community-based, active since 2015 or more recently, engaged in climate mitigation or adaptation, and stated health equity aims. Two team members reviewed project reports to assess the engagement of vulnerable and marginalized populations, agency-building, and transformation of community power relationships. Although 33 CBCAs reported efforts to build community agency, only 19 reported efforts to increase community power. City-led CBCAs showed less emphasis on agency-building and power transformation. This typology can support efforts to advance health equity by providing concrete indicators to diagnose gaps and track progress. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(2):185–193. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307143 )

Public health officials need evidence-based methods for improving community disaster resilience and strategies for measuring results. This methods paper describes how one public health department is addressing this problem. This paper provides a detailed description of the theoretical rationale, intervention design and novel evaluation of the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project (LACCDR), a public health program for increasing community disaster resilience. The LACCDR Project utilizes a pretest–posttest method with control group design. Sixteen communities in Los Angeles County were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental community resilience group or the comparison group. Community coalitions in the experimental group receive training from a public health nurse trained in community resilience in a toolkit developed for the project. The toolkit is grounded in theory and uses multiple components to address education, community engagement, community and individual self-sufficiency, and partnerships among community organizations and governmental agencies. The comparison communities receive training in traditional disaster preparedness topics of disaster supplies and emergency communication plans. Outcome indicators include longitudinal changes in inter-organizational linkages among community organizations, community member responses in table-top exercises, and changes in household level community resilience behaviors and attitudes. The LACCDR Project is a significant opportunity and effort to operationalize and meaningfully measure factors and strategies to increase community resilience. This paper is intended to provide public health and academic researchers with new tools to conduct their community resilience programs and evaluation research. Results are not yet available and will be presented in future reports.

Educational indicators are measurements of an educational system's key features. These single or composite statistics act as \"yardsticks\" that report how well the individual components of the educational system are functioning. An indicator system attempts to measure the various component parts of an educational system, while providing information about how those parts work together to produce the current condition of the system, and depicting how components influence one another over time. During the last three decades, interest in educational indicators has fluctuated back and forth, as studies and panels on indicator development have been conducted at the national, state, and local level. Indicators have been cited as useful tools in monitoring an educational system; however, advancements in indicator research have been few. The purposes of this study were to: (1) create educational indicators for high schools in Pennsylvania from an existing database; (2) determine whether those indicators could be linked conceptually as well as statistically, using structural equation modeling, to theoretical constructs; and (3) develop a model of relationships among those constructs and test them empirically to ascertain the validity of inferences that might subsequently be drawn from the analysis. Findings indicate that although there exist some problems within the data base with respect to the reliability and validity of some indicators, relationships among indicators and constructs were consistent with theoretical expectations. Structural equation modeling was found to be an effective tool for developing the indicator system model. While underscoring theory, structural equation modeling provides for the efficient and simultaneous estimation of structural and measurement parameters of covariance structures. Successful use depends on the quality of the data available and the assumptions the researcher brings to the model.

Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) is one of the most prevalent neuromuscular diseases, yet very little is known about how MD1 affects the lives of couples and how they themselves manage individually and together. To better match health care to their problems, concerns and needs, it is important to understand their perspective of living with this hereditary, systemic disease. Methods A qualitative study was carried out with a purposive sample of five middle-aged couples, including three men and two women with MD1 and their partners. Fifteen in-depth interviews with persons with MD1, with their partners and with both of them as a couple took place in the homes of the couples in two cities and three villages in the Netherlands in 2009. Results People with MD1 associate this progressive, neuromuscular condition with decreasing abilities, describing physical, cognitive and psychosocial barriers to everyday activities and social participation. Partners highlighted the increasing care giving burden, giving directions and using reminders to compensate for the lack of initiative and avoidant behaviour due to MD1. Couples portrayed the dilemmas and frustrations of renegotiating roles and responsibilities; stressing the importance of achieving a balance between individual and shared activities. All participants experienced a lack of understanding from relatives, friends, and society, including health care, leading to withdrawal and isolation. Health care was perceived as fragmentary, with specialists focusing on specific aspects of the disease rather than seeking to understand the implications of the systemic disorder on daily life. Conclusions Learning from these couples has resulted in recommendations that challenge the tendency to treat MD1 as a condition with primarily physical impairments. It is vital to listen to couples, to elicit the impact of MD1, as a multisystem disorder that influences every aspect of their life together. Couple management, supporting the self-management skills of both partners is proposed as a way of reducing the mismatch between health services and health needs.

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop an activity energy expenditure (AEE) prediction equation for the Actiheart activity monitor for use in children with chronic disease. Subjects/Methods: In total, 63 children, aged 8–18 years with different types of chronic disease (juvenile arthritis, hemophilia, dermatomyositis, neuromuscular disease, cystic fibrosis or congenital heart disease) participated in an activity testing session, which consisted of a resting protocol, working on the computer, sweeping, hallway walking, steps and treadmill walking at three different speeds. During all activities, actual AEE was measured with indirect calorimetry and the participants wore an Actiheart on the chest. Resting EE and resting heart rate were measured during the resting protocol and heart rate above sleep (HRaS) was calculated. Results: Mixed linear modeling produced the following prediction equation: Estimated AEE (J/kg/ min) = -93.7 + (4.8xHRaS) + (0.04xAccelerometer Counts) + (39.8xGender (girls = 0, boys = 1)). This equation results in a nonsignificant mean difference of 2.1 J/kg/min (limits of agreement: −144.2 to 148.4 J/kg/min) for the prediction of AEE from the Actiheart compared with actual AEE. Conclusions: The Actiheart is valid for the use of AEE determination when using the new prediction equation for groups of children with chronic disease. However, the prediction error limits the use of the equation in individual subjects.