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"Herrmann, Ned"
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Whole Brain Thinking
The source of creativity is the brain. Applied creative thinking requires the whole brain, whose 4 quadrants represent mental processing as: 1. problem finding, 2. idea capturing, 3. idea sensing, and 4. idea finding. Creativity is not so much the acquisition of skills, tools, processes, and techniques as it is the breaking down of walls within and between people. Over the course of people's lives, they develop preferences and begin to build walls around them, and these walls prohibit whole brain thinking. To break down the internal wall that tells people they cannot do something, they can be taught how to draw or sculpt. This allows them to see their work, problems, and relationships differently. Teaching people to think metaphorically forces translations, which break down walls. One application of metaphor is the building of a model of a problem situation. By building models, people often realize much more accurately what the problem actually is, and this leads to a creative solution.
Journal Article
Catalytic Power & Its Consequences
Creative management is an important issue right now, but, as with any other new idea, it has its consequences. When a corporate officer announces that a goal of the organization is to unleash the creative potential of all its employees, it usually is not prepared for the consequences. Because of the traditional culture of the organization, when people begin to experiment, make mistakes, work flexible hours, and dress informally, they are censored, reprimanded, or ridiculed for aberrant behavior. As a result of not understanding the nature and source of creativity, they also do not understand the nature of the creative climate required to unleash creativity. Hence, every action, especially catalytic ones, has its consequences, and the actions that produce the consequences must be clear.
Journal Article
White matter hyperintensities in late life depression: a systematic review
Background:White matter hyperintensities in MRI scans are age related but appear to be more prevalent in depressed patients. They may be more pronounced in late onset depression. This finding, if confirmed, would potentially illuminate the heterogeneity of depression in elderly subjects.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search of studies investigating white matter changes in late life depression, identifying 98 studies. The 30 remaining eligible studies were scrutinised for the presence and severity measures of periventricular and deep white matter changes in late life, late onset and, if available, early onset depression as well as in controls. Comparisons between groups were entered into random effects meta-analyses using odds ratios and Cohen’s d, as appropriate. Correlations with potential confounders, such as age difference between groups, were explored.Results:Late life depression and, to a greater extent, late onset depression in late life were characterised by more frequent and intense white matter abnormalities. In particular, the odds of having white matter changes were over 4 for late compared with early onset depression. Similarly, on severity scales, late onset depression had scores of 0.7–0.8 standard deviations above early onset patients.Conclusions:Significant differences between early and late onset depression suggest different aetiological mechanisms, in accordance with a theory of “cerebrovascular” depression of late onset. Greater duration of depressive symptoms, signs and treatment does not appear to have a measurable impact on white matter signal in MRI scans.
Journal Article
Upk3b Is Dispensable for Development and Integrity of Urothelium and Mesothelium
The mesothelium, the lining of the coelomic cavities, and the urothelium, the inner lining of the urinary drainage system, are highly specialized epithelia that protect the underlying tissues from mechanical stress and seal them from the overlying fluid space. The development of these epithelia from simple precursors and the molecular characteristics of the mature tissues are poorly analyzed. Here, we show that uroplakin 3B (Upk3b), which encodes an integral membrane protein of the tetraspanin superfamily, is specifically expressed both in development as well as under homeostatic conditions in adult mice in the mesothelia of the body cavities, i.e., the epicardium and pericardium, the pleura and the peritoneum, and in the urothelium of the urinary tract. To analyze Upk3b function, we generated a creERT2 knock-in allele by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. We show that Upk3bcreERT2 represents a null allele despite the lack of creERT2 expression from the mutated locus. Morphological, histological and molecular analyses of Upk3b-deficient mice did not detect changes in differentiation or integrity of the urothelium and the mesothelia that cover internal organs. Upk3b is coexpressed with the closely related Upk3a gene in the urothelium but not in the mesothelium, leaving the possibility of a functional redundancy between the two genes in the urothelium only.
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