Explore the vast range of titles available.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about changes in mental health occupational therapy. Research into these changes and the associated risks of relapse is insufficient. To explore the changes that have taken place in forms of occupational intervention (face-to-face and online) during the pandemic, and to analyze their association with subsequent relapses, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out of 270 patients with mental disorder diagnoses under follow-up in day hospitals during 2020. Our results show that the frequency of face-to-face occupational therapy interventions decreased during lockdown and subsequently recovered. Interventions via telehealth increased during lockdown and have since been continued to a greater extent than before lockdown. Patients who received occupational intervention via telehealth relapsed less in the following six months (10.7% vs. 26.3%; χ2 = 10.372; p = 0.001), especially those who received intervention via videoconferencing (4.2% vs. 22%; χ2 = 5.718; p = 0.017). In conclusion, lockdown subsequent to the COVID-19 outbreak led to a reduction in face-to-face occupational therapy interventions, putting people with prior mental disorders at risk, while the implementation of telehealth tools helped reduce relapses.

El uso problemático de internet (UPI) entre las personas con discapacidad ha recibido muy poca atención en la literatura científica. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el UPI entre los estudiantes universitarios españoles con discapacidad, y si se relaciona con malestar y problemas psicológicos. En el estudio participaron 432 universitarios españoles con discapacidad de seis universidades (35 %: discapacidad motora, 22,7 %: discapacidad sensorial y 42,1 %: otras discapacidades, excluyendo la discapacidad psíquica o intelectual). El UPI se evaluó mediante el Test de Adicción a Internet (IAT), mientras que los problemas psicológicos se evaluaron mediante el cuestionario Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). La prevalencia del UPI fue del 6,3 %, y no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo, tipo de discapacidad o estudios. Sí hubo diferencias en función de la edad (< 22 mostraron una prevalencia 5 veces mayor), origen de la discapacidad (discapacidad congénita mostraron una prevalencia 3,7 veces mayor) y tipo principal de uso (recreativo). La prevalencia de problemas psicológicos es significativamente mayor entre los usuarios problemáticos de Internet, en todas las dimensiones medidas por el CORE-OM (problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo, funcionamiento general y riesgo de autolesión y de daño a otros). En conclusión, los estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad desde el nacimiento (independientemente del tipo de discapacidad y del sexo), menores de 22 años y que utilizan Internet principalmente con fines recreativos y las redes sociales tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir trastornos psicológicos y mayor vulnerabilidad a problemas como ansiedad y dificultades en las relaciones sociales.

Suicidal behavior, especially in young populations such as university students, is currently one of the most concerning health problems worldwide, suicide being the second leading cause of death among students. Although literature is still scarce, one of the risk factors that correlates the most with suicidal behavior in young people appears to be problematic internet use (PIU). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior in a Spanish university population. An ex post facto prospective design was used with a sample of 1,386 Spanish university students (68.7% women and 31.3% men). PIU was assessed by means of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and psychological problems by means of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). The results confirm the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior, principally alongside those of social isolation and depression, this risk being 3.78 times higher among women with PIU and 5.58 times higher in men. PIU appears as a risk factor for suicidal behavior that must be taken into account together with social isolation, subjective distress and depression.

The aim of this work is to study the factorial structure of the IAT in a new Spanish sample of non-compulsory education students and to develop a shorter version of it based on empirical criteria. The paper also assesses the test’s internal consistency reliability and validity with respect to the original IAT, to three other Internet addiction tests and to a clinical symptomatology test (CORE-OM: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure). A total sample comprising 1886 Spanish non-compulsory education students (average age: 21.04 years; SD = 4.72) was randomly divided into two halves. The first half (n = 932) was subjected to the IAT exploratory factorial analysis (EFA). In the second half, a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was performed with 954 surveys. A subgroup of 209 randomly selected participants were given three independent internet addiction tests in addition to the IAT. Following the EFA and CFA, a new version of the test called IAT-12 was designed, with 2 factors (Control and management of time; Salience and neglect of social life) showing a very high correlation with the original (.97). IAT-12 also showed high internal consistency and a high capacity to predict Internet addiction in young Spaniards, and is able quickly and simply to differentiate individuals who really have a problem of Internet addiction from those who do not, with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. Its validity was demonstrated with respect both to Young’s IAT itself and to external criteria for measuring Internet addiction and clinical symptomatology.

Given that risk perception has been found to be both a vulnerability and a protective factor with respect to consumption, the objectives of this study were to find out whether there exist specific patterns of risk perception associated with cannabis use and, if so, how they relate to cannabis consumption and to the sources of information on drugs accessed by young people. An ex post facto study was carried out with 1851 young Andalusians aged 18 to 29, using an adaptation of the Andalusian Government “Andalusian Population versus Drugs” survey. For the first objective, a cluster analysis was carried out in which three perceptual style groups were formed: “Strict”, “Permissive-Awareness” and “Lax”. Cannabis use in the “lax” group was found to be 14.31 times more frequent than in the “strict” group and 2.75 times more frequent than in the “permissive-awareness” group. A logistic regression analysis was also performed, which correctly predicted 80.4% of users and non-consumers. Correlation was found between perceptual styles and the sources of information used about drugs. This study identified three different risk perception styles that heavily correlated to cannabis consumption and to the type of sources young Andalusians use to obtain information about drugs, suggesting the need for a change in preventive policy.

Problematic internet use (PIU) among people with disabilities has received very little attention in scientific literature. The objective of this work is to study PIU among Spanish university students with disabilities, and determine whether it is related to the presence of psychological problems and discomfort. A total of 432 Spanish university students with disabilities from six universities participated in the study (35% motor disability, 22.7% sensory disability and 42.1% other disabilities, excluding psychical or intellectual disability). PIU in the sample was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), while psychological problems were assessed using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). PIU prevalence was 6.3%, and significant differences were found by age (< 22 had a PIU prevalence five times higher), onset of disability (prevalence was 3.7 times higher in those with congenital disability) and main type of internet use (recreational). There were no differences by sex, level of education or type of disability. In all the dimensions measured by CORE-OM (psychological problems, subjective well-being, life functioning and risk of self-harm and harm to others), the prevalence of psychological problems was significantly higher among problematic internet users. In conclusion, university students who are disabled from birth (regardless of their type of disability and sex), under the age of 22, and use the internet mainly for social networking and recreational purposes are at greater risk of psychological distress and are more vulnerable to problems like anxiety and difficulties with social relationships. Key words: students with disabilities, internet addiction, psychological problems, life functioning, wellness El uso problemático de internet (UPI) entre las personas con discapacidad ha recibido muy poca atención en la literatura científica. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el UPI entre los estudiantes universitarios españoles con discapacidad, y si se relaciona con malestar y problemas psicológicos. En el estudio participaron 432 universitarios españoles con discapacidad de seis universidades (35 %: discapacidad motora, 22,7 %: discapacidad sensorial y 42,1 %: otras discapacidades, excluyendo la discapacidad psíquica o intelectual). El UPI se evaluó mediante el Test de Adicción a Internet (IAT), mientras que los problemas psicológicos se evaluaron mediante el cuestionario Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). La prevalencia del UPI fue del 6,3 %, y no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo, tipo de discapacidad o estudios. Sí hubo diferencias en función de la edad (< 22 mostraron una prevalencia 5 veces mayor), origen de la discapacidad (discapacidad congénita mostraron una prevalencia 3,7 veces mayor) y tipo principal de uso (recreativo). La prevalencia de problemas psicológicos es significativamente mayor entre los usuarios problemáticos de Internet, en todas las dimensiones medidas por el CORE-OM (problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo, funcionamiento general y riesgo de autolesión y de daño a otros). En conclusión, los estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad desde el nacimiento (independientemente del tipo de discapacidad y del sexo), menores de 22 años y que utilizan Internet principalmente con fines recreativos y las redes sociales tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir trastornos psicológicos y mayor vulnerabilidad a problemas como ansiedad y dificultades en las relaciones sociales. Palabras clave: estudiantes con discapacidad, adicción a Internet, problemas psicológicos, funcionamiento, bienestar

Background: Suicidal behavior, especially in young populations such as university students, is currently one of the most concerning health problems worldwide, suicide being the second leading cause of death among students. Although literature is still scarce, one of the risk factors that correlates the most with suicidal behavior in young people appears to be problematic internet use (PIU). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior in a Spanish university population. Method: An ex post facto prospective design was used with a sample of 1,386 Spanish university students (68.7% women and 31.3% men). PIU was assessed by means of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and psychological problems by means of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Results: The results confirm the relationship between PIU and suicidal behavior, principally alongside those of social isolation and depression, this risk being 3.78 times higher among women with PIU and 5.58 times higher in men. Conclusions: PIU appears as a risk factor for suicidal behavior that must be taken into account together with social isolation, subjective distress and depression. Keywords: Suicidal Behavior Suicidal Ideation Problematic Internet Use Psychological Problems College Students Antecedentes: La conducta suicida, sobre todo en poblacion joven como la universitaria, es actualmente uno de los problemas de salud que mas preocupa a nivel mundial, siendo el suicidio la segunda causa de muerte en esta poblacion. Aunque la literatura aun es escasa, parece que el uso problematico de Internet (UPI) se muestra como uno de los factores de riesgo que mas correlaciona con la conducta suicida en jovenes. El objetivo de esta investigacion es estudiar la relacion entre el UPI y la conducta suicida en poblacion universitaria espanola. Metodo: Se utilizo un diseno prospectivo ex post facto con una muestra universitaria espanola de 1,386 (68.7% mujeres y 31.3% hombres), evaluando el UPI mediante el Internet Addiction Test (IAT) y los problemas psicologicos mediante el Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos confirman la relacion existente entre el UPI y la conducta suicida, en relacion tambien con el aislamiento social y la depresion principalmente, siendo este riesgo 3.78 veces mayor entre las mujeres con UPI y de 5.58 en hombres. Conclusiones: El UPI se presenta como un factor de riesgo para el suicido a tener en cuenta junto con el aislamiento social, la angustia subjetiva y la depresion. Palabras clave: Conducta suicida Ideacion suicida Uso problematico de Internet Problemas psicologicos Estudiantes universitarios

Although neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment, a review of the literature since 1980 reveals a lack of controlled child neglect intervention programs. The aim of this study is to assess a new intervention program to improve the classroom behavior of children exposed to neglect only, by reducing disruptive conduct and promoting adaptive conduct. Two matched groups were selected with children of the same ages, sex, and social class (cultural and economic level) and with mothers of similar ages. The experimental group comprised of five children suffering from neglect and no other type of maltreatment. The control group had five children not abused or neglected. All the children were in the same class at school. The percentage of time per session that each child spent engaged in disruptive behavior was measured (baseline) and was found significantly higher among neglected children. Say-Do-Say Correspondence Training was applied with the neglected children and a rapid, significant reduction in their disruptive behavior was observed (and statistically confirmed), bringing such behavior down to the level of the control (i.e., non-neglected) children. These results were maintained when the intervention was halted. We concluded that the adaptive and classroom behavior of neglected children can be improved with this non-intrusive intervention.

Background: The recovery model assumes that the patient can experience personal growth even while maintaining symptoms of a mental disorder. In order to achieve this recovery, the practices of professionals must also change. However, in our setting, there are limited data on the implementation of practices based on the recovery model and their effect on personal recovery. Objective: To describe the association between professionals’ practices and patients’ personal recovery. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study in which the Recovery Self-Assessment (RSA) was used to assess the degree of implementation of the different practices and the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) was used to assess the personal recovery of 307 patients with severe mental disorders. Results: Patients attended by professionals who followed the recovery model obtained a greater personal recovery (p < 0.001, d = 1.10). The dimension associated with greater recovery was that of working toward life goals. The least implemented dimensions had to do with offering treatment options and patient participation in decision-making. This study was conducted in accordance with STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology). Conclusions: Although this is a cross-sectional study that does not allow us to establish causal relationships, it shows that the model with which mental health professionals work is associated with patients’ chances of recovery. We therefore consider that it is important to foster the implementation of practices based on the recovery model within mental health care.

Introduction: The increased use of information and communication technologies, the internet and social networking sites has resulted in significant changes in the way people communicate, leading to negative consequences that might compromise psychological and physical health. The aim of this study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing into a Spanish language context. Method: Three hundred forty-six Spanish respondents participated in the study by completing self-report measures for assessing their levels of phubbing, internet addiction, phone addiction, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Results: The scale adaptation to Spanish resulted in high quality psychometric properties and the original number of items and structure were preserved (nomophobia, interpersonal contact, self-isolation, and problem acknowledgement). In addition, the analysis of the relationship between variables showed that phubbing and its dimensions were positively associated with related constructs including internet addiction, phone addiction, and FoMO. Conclusions: The findings provide empirical evidence regarding the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Generic Scale of Phubbing as a tool to assess phubbing behaviours.