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The beam dump facility (BDF) is a project for a new facility at CERN dedicated to high intensity beam dump and fixed target experiments. Currently in its design phase, the first aim of the facility is to search for light dark matter and hidden sector models with the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment. At the core of the facility sits a dense target/dump, whose function is to absorb safely the400GeV/cSuper Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam and to maximize the production of charm and beauty mesons. An average power of 300 kW will be deposited on the target, which will be subjected to unprecedented conditions in terms of temperature, structural loads and irradiation. In order to provide a representative validation of the target design, a prototype target has been designed, manufactured, and tested under the SPS fixed-target proton beam during 2018, up to an average beam power of 50 kW, corresponding to 350 kJ per pulse. The present contribution details the target prototype design and experimental setup, as well as a first evaluation of the measurements performed during beam irradiation. The analysis of the collected data suggests that a representative reproduction of the operational conditions of the beam dump facility target was achieved during the prototype tests, which will be complemented by a postirradiation examination campaign during 2020.

A bstract Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model. These particles can, among other things, explain the origin of neutrino masses, generate the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and provide a dark matter candidate. The SHiP experiment will be able to search for HNLs produced in decays of heavy mesons and travelling distances ranging between O (50 m) and tens of kilometers before decaying. We present the sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to a number of HNL’s benchmark models and provide a way to calculate the SHiP’s sensitivity to HNLs for arbitrary patterns of flavour mixings. The corresponding tools and data files are also made publicly available.

The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has proposed a general-purpose experimental facility operating in beam-dump mode at the CERN SPS accelerator to search for light, feebly interacting particles. In the baseline configuration, the SHiP experiment incorporates two complementary detectors. The upstream detector is designed for recoil signatures of light dark matter (LDM) scattering and for neutrino physics, in particular with tau neutrinos. It consists of a spectrometer magnet housing a layered detector system with high-density LDM/neutrino target plates, emulsion-film technology and electronic high-precision tracking. The total detector target mass amounts to about eight tonnes. The downstream detector system aims at measuring visible decays of feebly interacting particles to both fully reconstructed final states and to partially reconstructed final states with neutrinos, in a nearly background-free environment. The detector consists of a 50m long decay volume under vacuum followed by a spectrometer and particle identification system with a rectangular acceptance of 5 m in width and 10 m in height. Using the high-intensity beam of 400GeV protons, the experiment aims at profiting from the 4×1019 protons per year that are currently unexploited at the SPS, over a period of 5–10 years. This allows probing dark photons, dark scalars and pseudo-scalars, and heavy neutral leptons with GeV-scale masses in the direct searches at sensitivities that largely exceed those of existing and projected experiments. The sensitivity to light dark matter through scattering reaches well below the dark matter relic density limits in the range from a few MeV/c2 up to 100 MeV-scale masses, and it will be possible to study tau neutrino interactions with unprecedented statistics. This paper describes the SHiP experiment baseline setup and the detector systems, together with performance results from prototypes in test beams, as it was prepared for the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. The expected detector performance from simulation is summarised at the end.

Soziale Interaktionen sind ohne Vertrauen kaum denkbar. Ärztliche und insbesondere chirurgische Handlungen können das Leben von Personen mittelbar und unmittelbar existenziell verändern. Damit stellt die Beziehung zwischen Arzt und Patient eine Sonderform der sozialen Interaktion dar, wie sie an anderer Stelle kaum zu finden sein wird. Die Beschaffenheit der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung entscheidet auch über den Erfolg einer Behandlung. Der Kern und die Bedeutung von Vertrauen, als ein zentraler Bestandteil dieser Beziehung, werden in dieser Arbeit rekonstruiert. Die zunehmenden Möglichkeiten der Informationsgewinnung moderner Gesellschaften, und die allgegenwärtige Forderung nach Transparenz, bestimmen immer mehr die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung und lassen Konzepte von Vertrauen, auf den ersten Blick, nachrangig werden. Auch die aktuellen Entwicklungen zur Vergütung der Leistungen im Medizinsystem tragen das Risiko, die Bedeutung von Vertrauen in der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung immer mehr zu bestimmen. Dabei ist es notwendig, Verlässlichkeit von Vertrauen abzugrenzen. Aufgrund der Bedingungen, die für die operativen Disziplinen konstituierend sind, ist hierbei ein Klima des Vertrauens, auch in einer modernen Informationsgesellschaft, notwendiger denn je.

Dark photons are hypothetical massive vector particles that could mix with ordinary photons. The simplest theoretical model is fully characterised by only two parameters: the mass of the dark photon mγD and its mixing parameter with the photon, ε. The sensitivity of the SHiP detector is reviewed for dark photons in the mass range between 0.002 and 10 GeV. Different production mechanisms are simulated, with the dark photons decaying to pairs of visible fermions, including both leptons and quarks. Exclusion contours are presented and compared with those of past experiments. The SHiP detector is expected to have a unique sensitivity for mγD ranging between 0.8 and 3.3-0.5+0.2 GeV, and ε2 ranging between 10-11 and 10-17.

A bstract Dark matter is a well-established theoretical addition to the Standard Model supported by many observations in modern astrophysics and cosmology. In this context, the existence of weakly interacting massive particles represents an appealing solution to the observed thermal relic in the Universe. Indeed, a large experimental campaign is ongoing for the detection of such particles in the sub-GeV mass range. Adopting the benchmark scenario for light dark matter particles produced in the decay of a dark photon, with α D = 0 . 1 and m A ′ = 3 m χ , we study the potential of the SHiP experiment to detect such elusive particles through its Scattering and Neutrino detector (SND). In its 5-years run, corresponding to 2 · 10 20 protons on target from the CERN SPS, we find that SHiP will improve the current limits in the mass range for the dark matter from about 1 MeV to 300 MeV. In particular, we show that SHiP will probe the thermal target for Majorana candidates in most of this mass window and even reach the Pseudo-Dirac thermal relic.

HintergrundPferdesport ist mit einer hohen Anzahl von Unfällen assoziiert. Allerdings existieren aufgrund mangelnder Kenntnisse über Unfallursachen/-mechanismen eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten der Prävention. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 198 Reitunfälle analysiert und anhand der Ergebnisse Risikogruppen identifiziert sowie unfall- und somit verletzungspräventive Maßnahmen formuliert.Material und MethodenIn diese 2-Center-Studie wurden Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen dem 01.01.2010 und 01.01.2011 aufgrund eines Reitunfalls in den BG-Unfallkliniken Berlin oder Hamburg behandelt wurden und der Studienteilnahme zustimmten. Anhand der klinikinternen Dokumentation und mittels eines Fragenbogens wurden Daten über die Demographie der verunfallten Reiter, genutzte Schutzkleidung zum Unfallzeitpunkt und über reitunfallassoziierte Verletzungen und Therapien evaluiert und analysiert.ErgebnisseEs handelte sich um 169 (85,5%) weibliche und 29 (14,5%) männliche Reiter mit einem medianen Alter von 27,2 (5–74) Jahren; 55 Reiter (27,8%) waren <18 Jahre alt; 134 (67,7%) Reiter wurden ambulant und 64 (32,3%) stationär behandelt; 51 (25,8%) Reiter unterzogen sich einer operativen Therapie. Zum Unfallzeitpunkt trugen 66 (33,3%) Reiter einen Schutzhelm und 14 (7,1%) eine Schutzweste.DiskussionIm Gegensatz zu Schutzwesten kommen Helme im Reitsport zunehmend zum Einsatz. Während Helme eine verletzungspräventive Funktion zu haben scheinen, konnte selbige bei Schutzwesten anhand unserer Daten nicht nachgewiesen werden. So erlitten in der vorliegenden Arbeit Westenträger prozentual mehr Verletzungen am Oberkörper als Nicht-Westenträger. Kinder und Jugendliche Anfänger überschätzen oft ihre Reitfähigkeiten und bedürfen einer professionellen Schulung und Beaufsichtigung durch erfahrene Reiter.

The SHiP-charm project was proposed to measure the associated charm production induced by 400 GeV/c protons in a thick target, including the contribution from cascade production. An optimisation run was performed in July 2018 at CERN SPS using a hybrid setup. The high resolution of nuclear emulsions acting as vertex detector was complemented by electronic detectors for kinematic measurements and muon identification. Here we present first results on the analysis of nuclear emulsions exposed in the 2018 run, which prove the capability of reconstructing proton interaction vertices in a harsh environment, where the signal is largely dominated by secondary particles produced in hadronic and electromagnetic showers within the lead target.

The SHiP experiment is proposed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About 10 11 muons per spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400 GeV/c proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a 3-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to ( 3.27 ± 0.07 ) × 10 11 protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1% of a SHiP spill.