Explore the vast range of titles available.

Many argue that the Lubicon, a small Cree nation in northern Alberta, have been denied their unalienable right to self-determination by the Canadian government. In a country such as Canada, some see the plight of the Lubicon people as an enduring reminder that certain democratic principles and basic freedoms are still kept from minorities, indigenous groups in particular. The Lubicon Lake Nation strives, through a critique of historically-constructed colonial images, to analyze the Canadian government's actions vis-à-vis the rights of the Lubicon people. Dawn Martin-Hill illustrates the power of indigenous knowledge by contrasting the words, ideas, and self-conceptualizations of the Lubicon with official versions of Lubicon history as documented by the state. In doing so, she offers a genuine sense of the gravity of their lived experiences. By giving voice to the Lubicon, this study seeks to develop an exclusively indigenist framework in which the circumstances facing the people can be described and analyzed more accurately than they can using popular conceptions of native rights as put forth by the government. The Lubicon Lake Nation is a story of one culture and the pursuit of indigenous rights in Canada as told from the perspective of those who know the situation best, the Lubicon themselves.

Climate change impacts global food systems and while attention has shifted to solutions within some sectors, there is a need to engage in meaningful collaborations across all disciplines. Globally, Indigenous communities care for and protect a significant portion of the world’s biodiversity despite only representing 6% of the global population. This emphasizes the significant role that Indigenous knowledges and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have in protecting the earth and supporting collective food systems. Therefore, Six Nations Polytechnic, a post-secondary and Haudenosaunee-led school located at Six Nations of the Grand River in Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada, is collaborating with community partners and local Universities to create pathways for TEK education. Six Nations and surrounding Haudenosaunee communities have identified a need to support youth and future leaders in environmental science training that is grounded in cultural knowledge and methodologies. Current STEM programs are often in contrast to Indigenous perspectives, creating barriers to Indigenous youth in pursuing these educational pathways; however, Indigenous communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Through the leadership of Haudenosaunee scholars, Knowledge Holders, and researchers, including engineers, hydrologists, anthropologists, and health and nutrition scientists, our team has begun co-creating micro-credential courses, a STEM camp with a university course credit, and diploma programs that address community and ecological needs for sustainability. These courses are informed by Six Nations youth and university students’ feedback. A major theme within this work is the intersection of knowledge to ensure sustainable food systems for Indigenous communities and beyond. Based on the TEK course development to date, we make policy recommendations to strengthen Indigenous led food sovereignty education and research that have valuable implications for interdisciplinary food systems education.

IntroductionThis study explored streamflow dynamics of the McKenzie Creek watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada under a changing climate. The Creek is located in the southern portion of the Grand River watershed in the Great Lakes region and is an important water and ecosystem service provider for the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve, the largest (by population) Indigenous community in Canada and the fourth largest in North America.MethodsThe Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW) was used to simulate streamflow from 1951 to 2020 using observed gridded meteorological data from Natural Resources Canada (NRCANmet) and in situ data from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Downscaled data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used to run GSFLOW for the historic (1951–2020) and projected (2021–2099) period.ResultsResults suggested that streamflow in the McKenzie Creek will be significantly impacted by climate change in winter months when streamflow is projected to increase due to higher temperatures causing early melting of snowpack and increasing winter precipitation. Consequently, spring streamflow is expected to decrease and little or no change in streamflow in the summer and autumn. These changes in streamflow dynamics may lead to more flooding incidents in the winter, while at the same time, the region may face reduced water availability or dry conditions in late spring and summer due to warm temperatures.DiscussionThis study provides important information about streamflow and hydrologic dynamics of this watershed that will help managers and planners to better manage water resources and be prepared to deal with climate change and its impacts on water availability and security not only for the Six Nations area but also for Southern Ontario which houses one-third of Canada’s population.

As part of the Ohneganos research project, funded through the Global Water Futures (GWF), we document the ways we worked across Haudenosaunee and anthropological knowledge to assess the impact of water insecurity on holistic maternal health. This research was led by the Six Nation Birthing Center (SNBC), inspired by Haudenosaunee Kaswenta treaty principles. We utilized community-based participatory research (CBPR) and Indigenous research methods (IRMs), such as storytelling, to find common ground of dialogue and reciprocity. In doing so, this research goes beyond traditional anthropological ways of data collection and fieldwork and highlights the importance of active community direction and participation. We argue that different knowledge from the researchers does not need to be ignored or reduced to one singular perspective to work across worldviews. Instead, acknowledging and highlighting the differences will lead to innovative methods and scholarship. This paper contributes to the literature of research methods and policies and will be helpful to Indigenous communities and non-Indigenous researchers working together.

Achondroplasia is a genetic skeletal condition that results in disproportionately short stature and medical complications throughout life. Infigratinib is an orally bioavailable FGFR1-3 selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor in development for achondroplasia. In this phase 2 dose-finding study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral infigratinib in children with achondroplasia between the ages of 3 and 11 years. A total of 72 children were enrolled in five sequential cohorts to receive daily infigratinib at doses of 0.016 mg per kilogram of body weight (cohort 1), 0.032 mg per kilogram (cohort 2), 0.064 mg per kilogram (cohort 3), 0.128 mg per kilogram (cohort 4), and 0.25 mg per kilogram (cohort 5) for 6 months, followed by 12 months of extended treatment in which the dose in cohorts 1 and 2 could be escalated to the next ascending level at months 6 and 12. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events that led to a decrease in the dose or discontinuation of infigratinib. The primary efficacy outcome was the change from baseline in the annualized height velocity. During treatment, all the children had at least one adverse event, most of which were mild or moderate in severity; none resulted in treatment discontinuation. In cohort 5, an increased annualized height velocity was observed, which persisted throughout the duration of the study, with a mean change from baseline at 18 months of 2.50 cm per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 3.79; P = 0.001). The mean change from baseline in height z score was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.72) relative to an untreated achondroplasia reference population at 18 months; the mean change from baseline in the upper-to-lower body segment ratio was -0.12 (95% CI, -0.18 to -0.06). The administration of oral infigratinib did not result in any apparent major safety signal and increased the annualized height velocity and z score and decreased the upper-to-lower body segment ratio at 18 months of treatment in cohort 5. (Funded by BridgeBio Pharma; PROPEL2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04265651.).

The overview of literature provides emergent themes on the topic of Aboriginal health, culturally oriented interventions and prevention strategies. Recommendations are also provided on how to apply indigenous knowledge and traditional medicine approaches in the intervention for at risk Aboriginal populations or communities in crisis. Through a literature review of indigenous knowledge, it is proposed by several Indigenous scholars that the wellness of an Aboriginal community can only be adequately measured from within an indigenous knowledge framework which is a holistic and inclusive approach that seeks balance between the spiritual, emotional, physical, and social spheres of life. Their findings indicate that high rates of social problems, demoralization, depression, substance abuse, and suicide are prevalent in many Aboriginal communities and must be contextualized within a decolonization or self-determination model. The evidence of linkages between the poor mental health of Aboriginal peoples and the history of colonialism is key to improving the wellness in communities. Conversely, there is sufficient evidence that strengthening cultural identity, community integration, and political empowerment contributes to improvement of mental health in Aboriginal populations including at risk youth and women. The interconnection of land, language and culture are the foundations of wellness strategies. The overview clearly suggests adopting new strategies for intervention and prevention, and learning from historical wrongs to ensure future policies support of the restoration of traditional practices, language and knowledge as a means of developing strategies for this generation's healing and wellness. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

This qualitative study will explore the educational beliefs and practices of elementary principals and teachers in inclusive schools. Nine elementary schools in a unit district are the focus of this study given the significant gains made in closing the achievement gap between students with disabilities and their non-disabled peers. The research questions in this study are as follows: (1) How are principals’ LRE beliefs and practices related to student achievement?(2) How are teachers’ LRE beliefs and practices related to student achievement?The elementary schools included in this study not only narrowed the achievement gap between students with IEPs and their non-disabled peers, but they have also exceeded state targets for educating students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. All schools referenced in this study are located in a northern Illinois school district near the city of Chicago.Online surveys will be administered to nine elementary principals and 15 elementary teachers in the district. The data obtained from the survey will inform the researcher about teachers’ and principals’ beliefs and practices related to academic outcomes for students with disabilities.

The 17β-estradiol-treated mouse model is the only small animal model of gonococcal genital tract infection. Here we show gonococci localized within vaginal and cervical tissue, including the lamina propria, and high numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in genital tissue from infected mice. Infection did not induce a substantial or sustained increase in total or gonococcal-specific antibodies. Mice could be reinfected with the same strain and repeat infection did not boost the antibody response. However, intravaginal immunization of estradiol-treated mice induced gonococcal-specific primary and secondary serum antibody responses. We conclude that similar to human infection, experimental murine infection induces local inflammation but not an acquired immune response or immunological memory.

The demand for regional climate information is increasing and spurring efforts to provide a broad slate of climate services that inform policy and resource management and elevate general knowledge. Routine syntheses of existing climate-related information may be an effective strategy for connecting climate information to decision making, but few studies have formally assessed their contribution to informing decisions. During the 2010–11 winter, drought conditions expanded and intensified in Arizona and New Mexico, creating an opportunity to develop and evaluate a monthly regional climate communication product—La Niña Drought Tracker—that synthesized and interpreted drought and climate information. Six issues were published and subsequently evaluated through an online survey. On average, 417 people consulted the publication each month. Many of the survey respondents indicated that they made at least one drought-related decision, and the product at least moderately influenced the majority of those decisions, some of which helped mitigate economic losses. More than 90% of the respondents also indicated that the product improved their understanding of climate and drought, and that it helped the majority of them better prepare for drought. The results demonstrate that routine interpretation and synthesis of existing climate information can help enhance access to and understanding and use of climate information in decision making, fulfilling the main goals for the provision of climate services.