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Many argue that the Lubicon, a small Cree nation in northern Alberta, have been denied their unalienable right to self-determination by the Canadian government. In a country such as Canada, some see the plight of the Lubicon people as an enduring reminder that certain democratic principles and basic freedoms are still kept from minorities, indigenous groups in particular. The Lubicon Lake Nation strives, through a critique of historically-constructed colonial images, to analyze the Canadian government's actions vis-à-vis the rights of the Lubicon people. Dawn Martin-Hill illustrates the power of indigenous knowledge by contrasting the words, ideas, and self-conceptualizations of the Lubicon with official versions of Lubicon history as documented by the state. In doing so, she offers a genuine sense of the gravity of their lived experiences. By giving voice to the Lubicon, this study seeks to develop an exclusively indigenist framework in which the circumstances facing the people can be described and analyzed more accurately than they can using popular conceptions of native rights as put forth by the government. The Lubicon Lake Nation is a story of one culture and the pursuit of indigenous rights in Canada as told from the perspective of those who know the situation best, the Lubicon themselves.

Climate change impacts global food systems and while attention has shifted to solutions within some sectors, there is a need to engage in meaningful collaborations across all disciplines. Globally, Indigenous communities care for and protect a significant portion of the world’s biodiversity despite only representing 6% of the global population. This emphasizes the significant role that Indigenous knowledges and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have in protecting the earth and supporting collective food systems. Therefore, Six Nations Polytechnic, a post-secondary and Haudenosaunee-led school located at Six Nations of the Grand River in Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada, is collaborating with community partners and local Universities to create pathways for TEK education. Six Nations and surrounding Haudenosaunee communities have identified a need to support youth and future leaders in environmental science training that is grounded in cultural knowledge and methodologies. Current STEM programs are often in contrast to Indigenous perspectives, creating barriers to Indigenous youth in pursuing these educational pathways; however, Indigenous communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Through the leadership of Haudenosaunee scholars, Knowledge Holders, and researchers, including engineers, hydrologists, anthropologists, and health and nutrition scientists, our team has begun co-creating micro-credential courses, a STEM camp with a university course credit, and diploma programs that address community and ecological needs for sustainability. These courses are informed by Six Nations youth and university students’ feedback. A major theme within this work is the intersection of knowledge to ensure sustainable food systems for Indigenous communities and beyond. Based on the TEK course development to date, we make policy recommendations to strengthen Indigenous led food sovereignty education and research that have valuable implications for interdisciplinary food systems education.

IntroductionThis study explored streamflow dynamics of the McKenzie Creek watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada under a changing climate. The Creek is located in the southern portion of the Grand River watershed in the Great Lakes region and is an important water and ecosystem service provider for the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve, the largest (by population) Indigenous community in Canada and the fourth largest in North America.MethodsThe Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW) was used to simulate streamflow from 1951 to 2020 using observed gridded meteorological data from Natural Resources Canada (NRCANmet) and in situ data from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Downscaled data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used to run GSFLOW for the historic (1951–2020) and projected (2021–2099) period.ResultsResults suggested that streamflow in the McKenzie Creek will be significantly impacted by climate change in winter months when streamflow is projected to increase due to higher temperatures causing early melting of snowpack and increasing winter precipitation. Consequently, spring streamflow is expected to decrease and little or no change in streamflow in the summer and autumn. These changes in streamflow dynamics may lead to more flooding incidents in the winter, while at the same time, the region may face reduced water availability or dry conditions in late spring and summer due to warm temperatures.DiscussionThis study provides important information about streamflow and hydrologic dynamics of this watershed that will help managers and planners to better manage water resources and be prepared to deal with climate change and its impacts on water availability and security not only for the Six Nations area but also for Southern Ontario which houses one-third of Canada’s population.

As part of the Ohneganos research project, funded through the Global Water Futures (GWF), we document the ways we worked across Haudenosaunee and anthropological knowledge to assess the impact of water insecurity on holistic maternal health. This research was led by the Six Nation Birthing Center (SNBC), inspired by Haudenosaunee Kaswenta treaty principles. We utilized community-based participatory research (CBPR) and Indigenous research methods (IRMs), such as storytelling, to find common ground of dialogue and reciprocity. In doing so, this research goes beyond traditional anthropological ways of data collection and fieldwork and highlights the importance of active community direction and participation. We argue that different knowledge from the researchers does not need to be ignored or reduced to one singular perspective to work across worldviews. Instead, acknowledging and highlighting the differences will lead to innovative methods and scholarship. This paper contributes to the literature of research methods and policies and will be helpful to Indigenous communities and non-Indigenous researchers working together.

The overview of literature provides emergent themes on the topic of Aboriginal health, culturally oriented interventions and prevention strategies. Recommendations are also provided on how to apply indigenous knowledge and traditional medicine approaches in the intervention for at risk Aboriginal populations or communities in crisis. Through a literature review of indigenous knowledge, it is proposed by several Indigenous scholars that the wellness of an Aboriginal community can only be adequately measured from within an indigenous knowledge framework which is a holistic and inclusive approach that seeks balance between the spiritual, emotional, physical, and social spheres of life. Their findings indicate that high rates of social problems, demoralization, depression, substance abuse, and suicide are prevalent in many Aboriginal communities and must be contextualized within a decolonization or self-determination model. The evidence of linkages between the poor mental health of Aboriginal peoples and the history of colonialism is key to improving the wellness in communities. Conversely, there is sufficient evidence that strengthening cultural identity, community integration, and political empowerment contributes to improvement of mental health in Aboriginal populations including at risk youth and women. The interconnection of land, language and culture are the foundations of wellness strategies. The overview clearly suggests adopting new strategies for intervention and prevention, and learning from historical wrongs to ensure future policies support of the restoration of traditional practices, language and knowledge as a means of developing strategies for this generation's healing and wellness. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

The term traditional medicine, as identified by the World Health Organization, is the sum total of knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences Indigenous to différent cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement of treatment of physical and mental illness, http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/ traditio nal/e n/index. html The National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO), governed by First Nations, Inuit and Métis organizations of Canada, is embarking on a journey that positions traditional medicine as central to their mandate. Amber Skye discusses Indigenous knowledge and epistemologies of health and well-being as essential practices to improving the health status of Aboriginal reproductive traditional practices in Aboriginal Midwifery: A Model for Change.The article illustrates the impact of colonial oppression and the imposition of western scientific methodologies and legislation of acculturation, resulting in the loss of much of the traditional knowledge of health, medicine and healing.

The young men stood in a small circle holding their hand drums and began to sing. The older men rose, reaching out to hold hands with one another, and began to dance clockwise, lifting their feet rhythmically to the sound of the drum. The women and children joined the circle as an unbroken chain moved into the morning. The Elders we had assembled for the Roundhouse and gathering were from many nations, including the Cree, the Iroquois, and the Tlinkit. All had travelled long distances to Little Buffalo, an isolated community in northern Alberta, to pray for the Lubicon people.

All too often, Aboriginal women are excluded from the anthropological literature on the basis of gender. They often have a lot to say, yet they are rarely asked. Male researchers often write that they consider it inappropriate to interact with women; that is the rationale they offer for excluding their experiences. At most, these men provide a footnote or two about their observations on women’s work roles, and leave it at that. It is my belief that if you include only one gender, your research is severely faulty or sexist. Aboriginal women have a multidude of experiences that men do

Is it possible or even worthwhile to present Indigenous Knowledge to those who have always denied us our rightful place in our own homelands? It seems insanely paradoxical to have to prove to the oppressor that he is oppressing you! This book has attempted to bring a truth of ours to you. The story of the Lubicon is filled with contradictions, extreme polarizations of existing First Nations realities, opposing truths in constant tension. The examples are numerous and varied. For example, the Minister of Indian Affairs, Bill McKnight, was responsible for settling the Lubicon land claim, yet at the same

So many of our older people have influenced this work, the research, the analysis; it is a collective effort and therefore ownership of the work cannot be claimed by one person. Elders from Lubicon, Six Nations, and the western prairies have touched the thinking, the patterns, and the work in ways both big and small. With the passing of my mother, many of them contacted me. ‘It is time,’ they said. Then the word came from the Chief of the Lubicon as well. It had been six years since I last worked on rewriting my doctoral dissertation. Perhaps the subtle