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This research aims to carry out a systematic review of the available literature about smart irrigation systems. It will be focused on systems using artificial intelligence techniques in urban and rural agriculture for soil crops to identify those that are currently being used or can be adapted to urban agriculture. To this end, a modified PRISMA 2020 method is applied, and three search equations are formulated. From those filters, and after a screening process, 170 articles are obtained. These articles are analyzed through VantagePoint, a text processing software. After this, they are taken through a detailed analysis phase in which 50 sources are selected as the most relevant to be read and analyzed by topic. Finally, the different phases of the analysis are used to draw conclusions that might be interesting for researchers working in this specific field or for the general public interested in rural and urban agriculture and its automation.

Hydrogel-type absorbent materials are currently a technological alternative for improving water retention in the soil and reducing nutrient loss by leaching and evaporation. This study aimed to evaluate the application of a new hydrogel based on silk sericin (SS) as a water retention material in soil. The morphology of the hydrogel was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and its impact on moisture retention in sandy loam soil (SLS) under different levels of matric pressure (MP) was evaluated. Additionally, water content data were collected over time for both SLS and SLS with hydrogel (SLS + H), and the data were used to fit predictive models. The results indicate that the hydrogel had a porous morphology that promoted water retention and soil release. Under a MP of 0.3 bar, the use of the hydrogel increased water retention by 44.70% with respect to that of SLS. The predictive models developed were adequately adjusted to the behavior of the moisture data over time and evidenced the incidence of the absorbent material on the dynamics of the moisture content in the soil. Therefore, these models could be useful for facilitating subsequent simulations or for designing automatic soil moisture control systems oriented to smart farming.

The increasing pressures imposed on ecosystems by the growing needs of the human population are stimulus for research into innovative and unconventional sources of raw materials for different industries. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the available literature on the possible industrial uses of silkworm ( Bombyx mori L.) pupae, a residue of silk production. The review was conducted using an adapted version of PRISMA. After a screening process, 105 articles were obtained and subjected to a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis. It was found that in the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of papers devoted to the study of the potential use of silkworm pupae in different applications, with a significantly higher number in the last three years of the scope of this review, indicating a growing interest in the subject. From the analysis of the information collected, promising uses in human and animal food, such as fish, mammalian, poultry, swine and companion animals, as well as potential uses for the pharmaceutical industry, were identified. The evaluated research identified compounds with antioxidant activity and important contents of unsaturated fatty acids, which are related to beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, diabetes control, reduction of the risk of developing certain types of cancer and inflammatory activity, among other benefits. One of the most relevant findings is that many studies report a significant concentration of α-linolenic acid in silkworm pupae oil, which is attributed with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties, among others.

The objective of this systematic review was to identify and classify, from the available literature, non-conventional feed ingredients from terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and fungi which have been evaluated for their potential use for tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. For this purpose, 795 papers published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Data on the growth rate (GR) and effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR); digestibility; fatty acid profile (FAP) of the fish carcass; and the survival rate (SR) were compiled in databases and summary tables. The results were refined according to different criteria, obtaining 144 documents that were pertinent for an in-depth analysis. From those, we found that 50.7% evaluated terrestrial plants, 22.2% animals, 13.9% algae, 9% fungi, and the remaining, combinations of some of the above categories. From the summarized results we concluded that most of the non-conventional sources analyzed have a positive potential impact as alternatives for producing tilapia. Survival was the most evaluated parameter, while digestibility was the least evaluated parameter.

Due to its implications for environmental conservation, the search for alternative ingredients to replace conventional raw materials destined for animal feed is a highly relevant issue. This systematic review aims to identify the fruit with the greatest potential for use in animal feed among those commonly cultivated in the Colombian Pacific region. A bibliographic search of scientific articles on eight different fruits commonly cultivated in the Colombian Pacific was carried out in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, 970 publications from 2004 to 15 December 2024 were selected. After screening the publications, naidí (Euterpe oleracea) was selected as the fruit with the greatest potential for use in animal feed due to the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the 53 relevant publications found in the databases. The articles were classified by subject matter: nutritional composition, bioactive compound content, and uses in animal feed. The results indicate that naidí is a good source of fat and fiber and has a suitable mineral and fatty acid profile for animal feed. It also contains a variety of chemical constituents, including polyphenols such as anthocyanins and other flavonoids. The multiple precedents found related to the use of naidí in animal feed, such as good indicators of weight gain, increased immune values, antioxidant capacity, and other health benefits, make this fruit and its by-products a promising source as an ingredient for animal feed. This expands the perspective and projection of the naidí industry in Colombia.

Background Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction marked by delayed hypersensitivity reactions causing skin and systemic complications. DRESS diagnosis is challenging due to the variety of clinical presentations and symptom overlap with other conditions. The perioperative period in these patients requires precise pharmacological strategies to prevent complications associated with this syndrome. The treatment of DRESS induced by unfractionated heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery presents some challenges that must be considered when selecting an anticoagulant to avoid side effects. In this case, bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is indicated as an alternative to heparin in patients undergoing CPB. However, in contrast to heparin/protamine, there is no direct reversal agent for bivalirudin. Case presentation We report the case of an 11-year-old male diagnosed with native aortic valve endocarditis and thrombosis in his left lower extremity. During valvular replacement surgery, systemic unfractionated heparin was administered. Postoperatively, the patient developed fever, eosinophilia and pruritic rash. Warm shock and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels followed, leading to the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome. Treatment with methylprednisolone resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Seven years later, the patient was readmitted due to insufficient anticoagulation and a thrombus in the prosthetic aortic valve, presenting a recurrent DRESS episode due to the administration of unfractionated heparin, which was later replaced with low-molecular-weight heparin during hospitalization. Treatment with corticosteroids and antihistamines was initiated, resulting in the resolution of this episode. Ultimately, the patient required the Ross procedure. During this intervention the anticoagulation strategy was modified, unfractionated heparin was replaced with bivalirudin during the procedure and fondaparinux was administered during the postoperative period. This resulted in stable transaminases levels and no eosinophilia. Conclusion The severity of DRESS Syndrome underscores the importance of early recognition, heightened monitoring, and a comprehensive approach tailored to each patient’s needs. This particular case highlights the significance of this approach and may have a substantial clinical impact since it provides alternatives to heparin, such as bivalirudin and fondaparinux, in the anticoagulation strategy of CPB for patients who have a hypersensibility reaction to this medication; thus, enhancing clinical outcomes by minimizing risks linked to adverse drug reactions.

Background Splenic abscess is a serious complication associated with infective endocarditis. There is still contradicting evidence regarding the optimal treatment pathway including timing of valve intervention and the approach for managing splenic foci. Case presentation We present a case of a hybrid staged approach in which we successfully performed a laparoscopic splenectomy following percutaneous abscess drainage and a delayed aortic valve replacement. Conclusions A multidisciplinary teamwork is fundamental in providing optimal care for patients with distant complications associated with infective endocarditis. Our hybrid approach seems safe and feasible.

La deshidratación es un proceso de conservación que puede afectar negativamente las características nutritivas y organolépticas del producto tratado. El presente estudio se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de control de calidad de los alimentos, en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, con el objetivo de optimizar el proceso de liofilización (LIO) de hojas de estragón ruso (Artemisia drancunculus L.) para conservar, de la mejor forma posible, sus características. Se utilizó un liofilizador de bandejas, donde el material vegetal fue enfriado desde 25[grados]C hasta -40[grados]C, a una velocidad de 0.22[grados]C/min. La optimización se realizó utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta con un diseño optimal, en función de la variable independiente velocidades de calentamiento de la placa (0.03-0.06[grados]C/min) desde -40[grados]C hasta 35[grados]C, manteniendo la temperatura de la placa durante 1 h a 35[grados]C. Las variables dependientes fueron: contenido de humedad, actividad de agua ([a.sub.w]), actividad antioxidante, color y tiempo de secado. El producto deshidratado a la condición óptima se comparó con el obtenido por secado mediante el método de convección forzada (SC). El tiempo de proceso de Liofilización (LIO) presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto al factor velocidad de calentamiento de placa (VCP). La condición óptima de LIO se obtuvo a una VCP de 0.06[grados]C/min durante 20.8 h. Los productos deshidratados por ambos métodos presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P < 0.05) en [a.sub.w], humedad final, DPPH, y color, pero no en el contenido de fenoles totales. Los productos LIO presentaron mejores propiedades que los productos SC, conservando de mejor manera su coloración y su actividad antioxidante con respecto a la planta en fresco.

Tetranychus urticae es una especie de ácaro altamente polífago, con registros en 1.140 especies hospederas a nivel mundial. En el presente estudio, se reporta la toxicidad y la repelencia de Blechnum cordatum contra T. urticae. Con relación a la toxicidad, las fracciones obtenidas con acetato de etilo a 250 ppm y n-hexano a 250 ppm y 100 ppm causaron las más alta tasas de mortalidad acumulada cuando se hizo la aplicación desde el estadio larval. Los resultados del estudio muestran que aún a las más bajas concentraciones evaluadas (10 ppm), ambas fracciones causaron una disminución significativa en la población del ácaro. La fracción hexánica causó 100 % de repelencia a 50 ppm y una repelencia significativamente superior al control a 10 ppm. Se encontró una relativa baja actividad cuando los tratamientos se aplicaron directamente a adultos. Los resultados permiten inferir que la mortalidad acumulada pudo haber sido causada por inanición dada la actividad repelente o la muy bien conocida actividad disuasora de los fitoecdisteroides (FEs) presentes en los extractos. Se aislaron e identificaron cuatro FEs a partir de la fracción hexánica de B. cordatum: ecdisona, ponasterona A, shidasterona y 2-deoxicrustecdisona.

Tetranychus urticae es una especie de ácaro altamente polífago, con registros en 1.140 especies hospederas a nivel mundial. En el presente estudio, se reporta la toxicidad y la repelencia de Blechnum cordatum contra T. urticae. Con relación a la toxicidad, las fracciones obtenidas con acetato de etilo a 250 ppm y n-hexano a 250 ppm y 100 ppm causaron las más alta tasas de mortalidad acumulada cuando se hizo la aplicación desde el estadio larval. Los resultados del estudio muestran que aún a las más bajas concentraciones evaluadas (10 ppm), ambas fracciones causaron una disminución significativa en la población del ácaro. La fracción hexánica causó 100 % de repelencia a 50 ppm y una repelencia significativamente superior al control a 10 ppm. Se encontró una relativa baja actividad cuando los tratamientos se aplicaron directamente a adultos. Los resultados permiten inferir que la mortalidad acumulada pudo haber sido causada por inanición dada la actividad repelente o la muy bien conocida actividad disuasora de los fitoecdisteroides (FEs) presentes en los extractos. Se aislaron e identificaron cuatro FEs a partir de la fracción hexánica de B. cordatum: ecdisona, ponasterona A, shidasterona y 2-deoxicrustecdisona. Palabras clave: Extractos de plantas, Blechnaceae, control de plagas, fitoecdisteroides, ecdisteroides, Acari, Tetranychidae. Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous mite species, with 1,140 host plant species reported worldwide. In this study, both Blechnum cordatum toxicity and repellent activity against T. urticae are reported. Regarding toxicity, the ethyl acetate fraction at 250 ppm and the n-hexane fractions at 250 ppm and 100 ppm caused the greatest accumulated mortality rate when application was made starting during the larval stage. Results showed that even at the lowest evaluated concentration (10 ppm), both fractions caused a significant decrease in the T. urticae population. The n-hexane fraction caused 100 % repellency at 50 ppm and repellency significantly superior to the control at 10 ppm. Relatively low activity was found when treatments were applied directly to adults. In addition, results suggest that the cumulative mortality could have been caused by starvation due to the observed repellency and the well-known deterrent activity of phytoecdysteroids (PEs) found in the extracts. Four PEs from the B. cordatum n-hexane fraction were isolated: ecdysone, ponasterone A, shidasterone and 2-deoxycrustecdysone. Keywords: Plant extracts, Blechnaceae, pest control, phytoecdysteroids, ecdysteroids, Acari, Tetranychidae.