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"Hirji, Rafik"
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Integrated management of lakes, reservoirs, and their basins is critical for a climate-resilient planet: an urgent wake-up call from collective amnesia
Integrated management of lakes and reservoirs and their basins is vital for preserving their significant socioeconomic and ecological benefits, which are essential for climate resilience. Lakes and reservoirs store 88% of the Earth's fresh surface water, providing water, food, energy security, flood protection, drought mitigation, and ecosystem services. This article highlights the rapid depletion and deterioration of these Lentic (standing) waters and the consequent loss of valuable benefits, threatening the global water supply and exacerbating environmental and climate crises. It discusses the evolution of lake management practices and contrasts these with strategies for managing lotic (flowing) waters. It summarizes collaborative best practices for Lake Basin Governance developed through a multiagency partnership. It reviews recent global initiatives to sustainably manage lakes, integrate storage, address aging dams, and foster partnerships and cooperation. It highlights the widespread failures across international water and environmental policies and institutions. The article calls on the global water and environmental community to awaken from collective amnesia, act, and implement best practices for governing lakes, reservoirs, and basins. Our companion article examines the institutional inertia hindering integrated action and offers collaborative opportunities for integrating land and water management in lake and reservoir basins to enhance climate resilience.
Journal Article
Mainstreaming integrated approaches to sustain lake and reservoir basin benefits in a changing climate
This paper examines the challenges of institutional inertia and land, water and environmental policy failures in promoting integrated management of lakes, reservoirs, and their contributing basins and aquifers. While we focus on vulnerable lakes and reservoirs, the necessary policy, legal, and institutional reforms apply to many water basins, given the rapidly changing climate. Institutional barriers to more integrated land and water management are discussed that highlight the tension between development and management and the influence of powerful economic interests. Previous lake basin governance reforms to address institutional barriers stressed the value of partnerships and collaboration to overcome sectoral silos hindering the implementation of integrated, place-based approaches and minimizing the impact of climate-related disasters. Simultaneous top-down reforms, including national inter-ministerial partnerships and bottom-up vertical institutional collaboration with community engagement, are critical for overcoming barriers to sustaining benefits from lakes and reservoirs. Recent global water, environment, and climate institutional developments offer opportunities and driving forces for reforms needed to address the `integrated approaches amnesia' before irreversible consequences destabilize more communities. This paper builds on our companion article discussing the accelerated deterioration of lakes and reservoirs due to policy failures and climatic shifts and offers recommendations for collaborative best practices to improve governance.
Journal Article
Environmental flows in water resources policies, plans, and projects
This book advances the understanding and integration in operational terms of environmental flows (water allocation) into integrated water resources management (IWRM). Based on an in-depth analysis of 17 global water policy, plan, and project case studies, it addresses the highly contested complexities of environmentally responsible water resources development, broadens the global perspectives on \"equitable sharing\" and \"sustainable use\" of water resources, and expands the definitions of \"benefits sharing\" in high-risk water resources development. The book fills a major gap in knowledge on IWRM and forms an important contribution to the ongoing discourse on climate change adaptation in the water sector.
eBook
Climate variability and water resources degradation in Kenya
The report, based on a complex analytical methodology, provides a clear economic rationale for investing in improved water resources development and management in Kenya. It is part of the World Banks policy dialogue on water resources management reforms and investment planning in Kenya. It focuses on the economic implications of two key factors that make the economy and people of Kenya highly vulnerablethe effects of climate variability and the steady degradation of the nations water resources. The 1997-2000 El Niño-La Niña episodes cost the country Ksh 290 billion, about 14 percent of GDP during the three year period. Given their regularity, over the long term, floods and droughts are estimated to cost the economy about Ksh 16 billion per annum (2.4 percent of GDP). This is a very serious drag on the countrys economic performance. Water resources degradation costs the country at least Ksh 3.3 billion (0.5 percent GDP) annually. The long term annual impact of 2.9 percent of GDP from these two factors has been developed conservatively. While it is not economic to avoid all costs, many of them can be minimized by increased investment in management and infrastructure and more efficient, accountable, and participatory management and operation of the water resource sector.
eBook
Environmental Flows in Water Resources Policies, Plans, and Projects
The overall goal of the analysis presented in this report is to advance the understanding and integration in operational terms of environmental water allocation into integrated water resources management. The specific objectives of this report are the following: 1) document the changing understanding of environmental flows, by both water resources practitioners and by environmental experts within the Bank and in borrowing countries; 2) draw lessons from experience in implementing environmental flows by the Bank, other international development organizations with experience in this area, and a small number of developed and developing countries; 3) develop an analytical framework to support more effective integration of environmental flow considerations for informing and guiding: (a) the planning, design, and operations decision making of water resources infrastructure projects; (b) the legal, policy, institutional, and capacity development related to environmental flows; and (c) restoration programs; and 4) provide recommendations for improvements in technical guidance to better incorporate environmental flow considerations into the preparation and implementation of lending operations.
Book
Environmental flows in water resources policies, plans, and projects : findings and recommendations / Rafik Hirji and Richard Davis
The overall goal of the analysis presented in this report is to advance the understanding and integration in operational terms of environmental water allocation into integrated water resources management. The specific objectives of this report are the following: 1) document the changing understanding of environmental flows, by both water resources practitioners and by environmental experts within the Bank and in borrowing countries; 2) draw lessons from experience in implementing environmental flows by the Bank, other international development organizations with experience in this area, and a small number of developed and developing countries; 3) develop an analytical framework to support more effective integration of environmental flow considerations for informing and guiding: (a) the planning, design, and operations decision making of water resources infrastructure projects; (b) the legal, policy, institutional, and capacity development related to environmental flows; and (c) restoration programs; and 4) provide recommendations for improvements in technical guidance to better incorporate environmental flow considerations into the preparation and implementation of lending operations.
eBook
The Myth of Water Wars
After discussing the global rise in water demand, increase in water stress, and degradation of surface and groundwater quality, the notion of improved water management is looked at, along with the role that water has played in international conflict. It is argued that international cooperation in the form of transboundary water management can stave off much of water-related international conflict. Regional and global initiatives are outlined.
Journal Article