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A Companion to Los Angeles
This Companion contains 25 original essays by writers and scholars who present an expert assessment of the best and most important work to date on the complex history of Los Angeles.
* The first Companion providing a historical survey of Los Angeles, incorporating critical, multi-disciplinary themes and innovative scholarship
* Features essays from a range of disciplines, including history, political science, cultural studies, and geography
* Photo essays and 'contemporary voice' sections combine with traditional historiographic essays to provide a multi-dimensional view of this vibrant and diverse city
* Essays cover the key topics in the field within a thematic structure, including demography, social unrest, politics, popular culture, architecture, and urban studies
eBook
Land of Sunshine
Most people equate Los Angeles with smog, sprawl, forty suburbs in search of a city-the great \"what-not-to-do\" of twentieth-century city building. But there's much more to LA's story than this shallow stereotype. History shows that Los Angeles was intensely, ubiquitously planned. The consequences of that planning-the environmental history of urbanism--is one place to turn for the more complex lessons LA has to offer.
Working forward from ancient times and ancient ecologies to the very recent past, Land of Sunshine is a fascinating exploration of the environmental history of greater Los Angeles. Rather than rehearsing a litany of errors or insults against nature, rather than decrying the lost opportunities of \"roads not taken,\" these essays, by nineteen leading geologists, ecologists, and historians, instead consider the changing dynamics both of the city and of nature.In the nineteenth century, for example, \"density\" was considered an evil, and reformers struggled mightily to move the working poor out to areas where better sanitation and flowers and parks \"made life seem worth the living.\"
We now call that vision \"sprawl,\" and we struggle just as much to bring middle-class people back into the core of American cities. There's nothing natural, or inevitable, about such turns of events. It's only by paying very close attention to the ways metropolitan nature has been constructed and construed that meaningful lessons can be drawn. History matters.
So here are the plants and animals of the Los Angeles basin, its rivers and watersheds. Here are the landscapes of fact and fantasy, the historical actors, events, and circumstances that have proved transformative over and over again. The result is a nuanced and rich portrait of Los Angeles that will serve planners, communities, and environmentalists as they look to the past for clues, if not blueprints, for enhancing the quality and viability of cities.
eBook
Industry, political alliances and the regulation of urban space in Los Angeles
The formation of industrial districts and the role that development played in shaping the pattern of American cities has become a standard for urban history. This has not been the case for Los Angeles. Despite its centrality for a metropolitan economy that has led California for a century and that today leads the nation in manufacturing employment, scholars and pundits have overlooked production in favour of consumption. Little is known about how firms, business associations and city officials created space for industry during the late nineteenth century when manufacturers' locational decisions contributed to spatial concentration in the city's core. A case study of the Cudahy Packing Company reveals why such sites were favoured, how a sectoral-specific district emerged and the processes through which Angelenos transformed a Yankee pueblo into an industrial city. Two factors, the local state's enablement of manufacturing via policy and regulation and the use of industrialization as an immigrant removal strategy, emerge as significant. Neither has been prominent in the literature on the growth of Los Angeles while the latter, the linking of race-ethnicity with land use, has been less prominent in prior studies of industrial districts.
Journal Article
Representing Cities in a Digital Age
Deverell and Hise describe an online exhibition they organized that brought institutions, museum professionals, and scholars to showcase the wealth and diverse array of sites and structures constructed in and around greater Los Angeles between 1940 and 1990. Form and Landscape: Southern California Edison and the Los Angeles Basin, 1940-1990 was their contribution to Pacific Standard Time Presents, a Getty Research Institute initiative. It was their first foray into digital humanities, and it far exceeded any expectations they had for collegiality and insights gained.
Journal Article
Architecture as State Building: A Challenge to the Field
Space is an important element of architectural study. Historians examine the artifacts, structures, and space, with their research base in drawings, structures, and material. Structures symbolize society, as does the space between structures. Architectural design and construction by states has been an integral aspect of historical research, including helping to understand growth.
Journal Article
Border City: Race and Social Distance in Los Angeles
Los Angeles and history are not terms that couple easily in the popular imaginary or, for that matter, in the imagination of scholars who study American society and culture. Rather, accounts of this city's past evoke and at times emulate turn-of-the-century booster promotions intended to draw émigrés to a land of prosperity and progress, a place where the future would arrive first; that future focus has held an undue grip on our analysis of greater Los Angeles. If we were to resurrect the pueblo and re-examine the first decades of city building following the American conquest we would discover a border zone, a site and locale where people, resources, and ideas originating across the globe came together and in coming together, Tongva, Spaniards, Mexicans, Californios, Yankees, and others created a hybrid or metis city and culture. Within this border city, Anglos asserted their political, economic, and social capital and in doing so orchestrated and regulated the use and meaning of urban space through agencies and institutions of the local state. Social segregation (by race-ethnicity, income, gender) and functional segregation (zoning activities and assigning these to discrete districts) are signature aspects of American cities and Angelenos used both in a process of place-making and identity formation that defined space in the city. That history matters because all manner of metrics underscore the fact that space matters; where you live, which school district or council district you call home, which hospital an ambulance takes you to, all those lines on the map define the odds you will graduate high school, attend a university, or whether you will survive a heart attack.
Journal Article
Los Angeles, 1900
[...]no doubt, did contemporary claims and projections of California's destiny as the presumptive capital for a Pacific century, a time when the world's centre of gravity would (not might) shift from an Atlantic world—organized and overseen by monarchs, investors, elected officials, merchants, and institutions based in the administrative and financial capitals of Europe and cities along the east coast of North America— to a Pacific world (talked about then and now as the Pacific Rim), with its American capital in one of the commercial centres along the Pacific Slope. In 1892, the Los Angeles Times claimed the city was the de facto capital of an \"embryo empire\" forty thousand square miles in extent, stretching from Point Concepcion to Mexico (\"The Land We Live In\" 5). An exchange of hides for finished products linked shoe manufacturers in Lynn, Massachusetts; their agents in Boston and New York; and buyers in New England and Europe with ranchers in Southern California; lumbermen and fur trappers in the Pacific Northwest; silver traders from Callao and Lima, Peru; and merchants of luxury goods, such as silk and tea, in China. The trend from 1880—plus 350 percent—when Los Angeles had ranked 135th, and the fact that a 127 percent increase in New York City from 1890 to 1900 was the only case that exceeded the 103 percent recorded in Los Angeles for that decade, suggested additional population growth and Los Angeles's continued ascendance up the ranks of American cities (United States Census Office, Population, Table 22, lxix).
Journal Article
Identity and Social Distance in Los Angeles
Scholarship on Los Angeles is steeped in place promotion; how enterprisers, elected officials, and residents developed actual places remains largely unexamined. From 1850 forward members of a regional growth coalition intent on attracting émigrés broadcast images of an edenic landscape. However, contrary to their claims of natural advantage, historical analyses of place reveal the significance of race and social distance for city-building in Los Angeles. Histories of property and land use, of identity and social relations reveal location to be a good, something produced over time. Functional segregation—assigning zones for particular activities—and social segregation—the sorting of people in place by race-ethnicity, income, or gender—are signature aspects of American cities. The means and methods Angelenos have employed to articulate and maintain boundaries and zones in the urban landscape—through myth, popular culture, social reform initiatives, policy, and regulation—are the primary subject of this essay.
KEYWORDS Place promotion, functional segregation, social segregation
Journal Article
