Explore the vast range of titles available.

There are no reported randomized trials testing exercise versus an active comparator for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This randomized clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of group exercise versus psychoeducation to improve quality of life and reduces symptomatic severity in Veterans with PTSD. Veterans who met criteria for current PTSD (DSM-5) and/or endorsed moderate levels of PTSD symptoms (CAPS 5 score ≥ 23) were randomly assigned to treatment. Integrative Exercise (IE) combines fitness exercises (aerobics, resistance training, stretching) with mindful body/breath awareness versus Recovery Class (REC) psychoeducation control condition. A total of 84 participants were enrolled of which 41 participants were randomized to IE and 43 participants to REC. There were no significant pre-post differences in change in the WHOQOL Psychological Domain in either group. There was a modest reduction in the total CAPS-5 score in both groups (IE: -8.2 (9.9), p  < .001: REC: -7.8 (2.0), p  < .001) but no differences across the two conditions. In the IE subsample that was remote, there was a greater improvement in PTSD symptom severity (F[1, 50] = 4.62, p  = .036) and in in the WHOQOL Psychological Domain (F(1, 47) = 6.46, p  = .014) in those who attended more sessions. Trial registration  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02856412 (registration date: February 27, 2017).

Abstract Study Objectives Hypnotic medications can adversely affect behavior during unanticipated awakenings during the night. Animals treated with the hypocretin (Hcrt) receptor antagonist almorexant (ALM) have less acute cognitive impairment compared to the GABAA receptor modulator zolpidem (ZOL). This study aimed to determine whether ALM produces less acute cognitive impairment than ZOL in human subjects. Methods Healthy, young adult, unmedicated male and female subjects participated in a controlled trial of a single dose of ALM 100 mg (N = 48), ALM 200 mg (N = 53), ZOL 10 mg (N = 49), and placebo (PBO, N = 52). Results ZOL and both doses of ALM produced similar levels of subjective sleepiness and impaired the ability of subjects to remain awake in a dark, low-stimulus setting relative to PBO. For most cognitive measures, performance under ZOL was significantly worse than ALM or PBO. For tasks involving verbal memory or visual-motor coordination, ZOL impaired performance, whereas the two doses of ALM were no different than PBO. For tasks involving higher-order executive function, ZOL produced impairment in processing speed and inhibitory control, whereas the two doses of ALM were no different than PBO. Performance decrements for ALM were less than ZOL but greater than PBO for some reaction time measures. Conclusions The data provide support for the hypothesis that Hcrt receptor antagonists produce less functional impairment than a benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BzRA). These observations are particularly relevant to patients treated with sedative-hypnotics who are at elevated risk for falls and other untoward events during the intended hours for sleep.

A previous study (Haley RW, Marshall WW, McDonald GG, Daugherty MA, Petty F, Fleckenstein JL: Brain abnormalities in Gulf War syndrome: evaluation with 1H MR spectroscopy. Radiology 2000; 215: 807-817) suggested that individuals with Gulf War Illness (GWI) had reduced quantities of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the basal ganglia and pons. This study aimed to determine whether NAA is reduced in these regions and to investigate correlations with other possible causes of GWI, such as psychological response to stress in a large cohort of Gulf War veterans. Individuals underwent tests to determine their physical and psychological health and to identify veterans with (n=81) and without (n=97) GWI. When concentrations of NAA and ratios of NAA to creatine- and choline-containing metabolites were measured in the basal ganglia and pons, no significant differences were found between veterans with or without GWI, suggesting that GWI is not associated with reduced NAA in these regions. Veterans with GWI had significantly higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, supporting the idea that GWI symptoms are stress related.

A previous study (1) suggested that individuals with Gulf War Illness (GWI) had reduced quantities of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the basal ganglia and pons. This study aimed to determine whether NAA is reduced in these regions and to investigate correlations with other possible causes of GWI, such as psychological response to stress in a large cohort of Gulf war veterans. Individuals underwent tests to determine their physical and psychological health and to identify veterans with (n=81) and without (n=97) GWI. When concentrations of NAA and ratios of NAA to creatine- and choline-containing metabolites were measured in the basal ganglia and pons, no significant differences were found between veterans with or without GWI, suggesting that GWI is not associated with reduced NAA in these regions. Veterans with GWI had significantly higher rates of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), supporting the idea that GWI symptoms are stress-related.