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This book presents the key debates about globalisation and links them with the growing, related discussion of the possible development of global democracy.Global Democracy presents the literatures of globalisation and democracy to explore the major debates. The first part of the book brings together three major theorists and three critiques of their work - David Held on the potential advantages of globalisation for the furtherance of democracy; Paul Hirst questioning the idea of globalisation and Danilo Zolo on the need for some kind of international governance. The second part of the book looks at structures and processes, such as the UN, global civil society, state sovereignty, the EU and democratisation from major thinkers such as Boutros Boutros-Ghali.This book provides exposition and critical examination of the latest thinking of leading authorities in the newly important fields of globalisation and global democracy. It will be a valuable textbook and resource for students of International Relations, Politics, Political Theory, and those taking courses in democratisation and globalisation.

This book positions the idea of global democracy - that every human being ought to have an equal say in public policy decisions that affect all humankind - in the mainstream political debate on globalization. Now that political rights have been secured in many countries for the working class, women, and minorities, it is time for nationals of poor countries to gain political equality in world affairs with Westerners. To clearly position global democracy as a new and realistic choice, the author contrasts it with four existing approaches to foreign policy: benevolent imperialism (the neoconservatives' agenda); nationalism (balance-of-power politics); multilateralism (support to the United Nations system); and localism (the agenda of part of the global movement for social justice). Contrary to what other authors on global governance would lead us to believe, Jacobs argues that participatory democracy should be considered a complement to, not a substitute for, representative democracy. The author combines a critical review of political theory with a practitioner's analysis of what works in international affairs. Jacobs takes up issues like the crisis at the World Trade Organization, the development of the European Union, reform of the UN, climate change, the debate on \"\"humanitarian wars,\"\" nuclear proliferation in Iran, the growth of global activism, and the power of NGOs.

Melanoma plasticity drives immune evasion and therapy resistance through dynamic cell-state transitions beyond genetic alterations. Epigenetic remodeling critically influences such processes, yet its role in reshaping the tumor ecosystem under therapeutic pressure remains unresolved. Here, we profiled longitudinal biopsies from melanoma patients treated in the phase Ib NIBIT-M4 epi-immunotherapy clinical trial ( NCT02608437 ), testing the combination of a DNMT1 inhibitor with anti-CTLA4 using single-cell multiome and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. Integrated analyses resolved seven malignant meta-programs, including a rare Wnt/β-catenin-driven melanocytic state and a de-differentiated neural crest-like state enriched in non-responders. Spatial modeling revealed that homotypic clustering stabilizes resistant programs, with neural crest-like cells forming compact, centrally localized niches, whereas Wnt/β-catenin subpopulations displayed a bimodal architecture, either cohesive clusters sustained by adhesion or dispersed, transcriptionally plastic cells. Responders exhibited progressive enrichment of an antigen presentation/interferon program and coordinated remodeling of the tumor microenvironment with T and B cell expansion, whereas tumors from non-responder patients maintained stable composition of neural crest-like clusters. Epigenetic therapy reactivated transposable elements, providing both regulatory signals that prime innate immunity within microenvironment and generating antigens that drive immunoediting and immunogenicity of Antigen presentation/interferon cell states in responders. Finally, NFATC2 emerged as a master regulator of neural crests-like transcriptional phenotypes and promoter of resistance to therapeutic interventions in melanoma patients. NFATC2 perturbation was able to shift tumor cells towards more differentiated and immunogenic states. These findings reveal how epigenetic-based immunotherapy reshapes melanoma ecosystems, provide mechanistic insights into how multiple transcriptional programs promote tumor plasticity and resistance to both combinatorial therapies and immune checkpoint blockade, identify spatial clustering as a principle stabilizing resistant niches, and highlight β-catenin and NFATC2 as actionable vulnerabilities to overcome resistance.

It is now commonplace to maintain that, with the end of the cold war and the downfall of communism, there has been a 'triumph' of democracy. This view has been criticized, and the extent of the spread of democracy can be disputed. None the less the idea of democracy - the idea that it is the best form of government - is very widely accepted. Even if one does not accept that 'the principles of democratic government [are] triumphing' (Hadenius 1997: 1), one can at least agree that '[n]ever before has the idea of democratic government been more popular' (Archibugi, Held and Köhler 1998a: 2). Indeed, it can be said that '[a]mong the twentieth century's most important legacies to the new millennium [is] ... the assertion of democracy as the legitimate system of government' (Archibugi, Held and Köhler 1998a: 1).

  That's the date by which the property developers Henry Boot must submit their plans for the future of the resort's huge open-air swimming pool, which has been closed since 2000. The pool was up and running by 1937, the year in which \"Ever Forward\" was adopted as the town's motto, and by the time the crowds were flocking back after World War II, it was more than ready to welcomeall comers. It became an icon of the town, and shortly after it opened, a GWR and LMS railway poster of the diving platforms by the artist Septimus Scott went far and wide with the words \"Weston-super-Mare - the Smile in Smiling Somerset\". IN 1945, the pool staged this country's first large-scale beauty contests, and a teenage Diana Fluck from Swindon came third in one of them, before going on to do rather better in life as Diana Dors. Laurel and Hardy attracted big crowds as celebrity judges in 1947, while other guests over the years included Tommy Cooper, Michael Aspel and Leslie Crowther.