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\"Using real life examples, the authors explore the daily debates social workers face over their level of involvement in the lives of others. Considering the differences between working with individual clients and community social work, Holland and Scourfield conclude with a discussion of the need for, and effectiveness of, social work in society today.\"

Nitrogen fertilization is the most critical agronomic input affecting barley production and farm profitability. The strict quality requirements for malting barley are challenging to achieve for farmers. In addition, soil variability and weather conditions can affect barley yield and quality. Thus, the objectives of this study are to (a) quantify the variability of soil properties, and (b) use spatial data in a crop simulation model, quantifying the impacts of climate−soil interactions on the barley crop yield and grain quality. Based on historical yield maps, a commercial field was divided into different yield stability zone levels. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer model was used to evaluate soil and crop spatial data. The bulk density affected the soil water content and soil mineral N and hence the crop-growing conditions in each yield stability zone. Our observed and simulated results showed that 120 kg N ha−1 is the optimal rate to increase grain yield while still keeping within the grain N% requirements for malting quality. This study shows the great value of integrating crop modeling with on−farm experimental data for improving understanding of the factors which affect site−specific N fertilization of barley.

IntroductionSupraglottic airway devices represent a less invasive method of airway management than tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. Their continued development is focused mainly on improvements in the insertion success rate and minimalisation of perioperative and postoperative complications. The i-gel Plus is a novel, anatomically preshaped supraglottic airway device which achieves a perilaryngeal seal due to a non-inflatable cuff made of a soft thermoplastic elastomer. The purpose of this cohort study is to assess the success rate of the i-gel Plus use during elective procedures under general anaesthesia, its intraoperative performance, and the degree of postoperative complications.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, prospective, interventional cohort study. The enrolment will take place in seven centres in four European countries. We plan to enrol 2000 adult patients in total, who are scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia, and with an indication for use of a supraglottic airway device for management of their airway. The study is projected to run over a period of 18 months. The primary outcome of the study is the total success rate of the i-gel Plus insertion in terms of successful ventilation and oxygenation through the device. Secondary outcomes include perioperative parameters, such as insertion time, seal/leak pressures, number of insertion attempts and postoperative adverse events and complications. Postoperative follow-up will be performed at 1 hour, 24 hours in all patients, and for selected patients at 3 and 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThe cohort study has received the following ethical approvals: General University Hospital Prague, University Hospital Olomouc, University Military Hospital Prague, University Hospital Barcelona, University Hospital Lodz, Antrim Area Hospital, Craigavon Area Hospital, Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant anaesthesia conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN86233693;Pre-results.

This study investigated the role of peer mentoring and voluntary self‐development activities (i.e., capitalization) in anchoring science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students to their college majors. Online data were collected from 214 undergraduate students. As hypothesized, mentoring was positively related to capitalization, and both mentoring and capitalization were positively related to satisfaction with one's major, affective commitment to one's major, involvement in one's major, and willingness to be a mentor. Contrary to expectations, capitalization did not mediate the relationship between peer mentoring and student outcomes, suggesting that these constructs contribute independently to positive outcomes. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Background Agriculture is facing an unprecedented challenge in having to reduce its environmental footprint whilst ensuring food security to an ever-growing global population. Towards this end, several strategies have been investigated and implemented to help maintain or improve crop yield under reduced water and/or nutrient provision for key commercial commodities such as tomatoes. Despite the high commercial, nutritional, and food-cultural value, there is no synthesis of evidence regarding yield maintenance of tomato (as a model crop) under resource-deficit. This systematic map therefore provides an overview of the evidence that exists on the effectiveness of techniques and management approaches aimed at improving the productivity of field-grown tomatoes under conditions of water-, nitrogen- (N) and/or phosphorus (P)-deficit. Methods Following the published map protocol, systematic searches of peer reviewed- and grey-literature were conducted using research publication databases, and specialist websites. A total of 14,377 unique articles were identified as potentially relevant to our research question, of which 927 were screened at the full-text level. Of that subset, 291 articles met all the pre-defined eligibility criteria. Basic information and meta-data on the interventions reported were recorded for these articles and a systematic map was compiled with the extracted data. Results The articles included in the systematic map database were used to identify several significant points including: (1) from the year 2000, the number of articles investigating strategies to improve field-grown tomato yield under conditions of water and/or nutrient deficit follows an upward trend; (2) large evidence bases (> 50%) originated from the United States, India, and Italy; (3) most studies addressed water alone as a resource (49%), with only 18% of studies focussing on N and 4% on P alone. Only 4% of records assessed all three resources simultaneously; (4) most evidence (77%) aims to improve resource use-efficiency via either irrigation, fertilisation, or crop and soil management strategies; and (5) different geographical regions appear to focus on different groups of interventions. Conclusions This systematic map identifies a range of interventions that have been successfully implemented in fields to improve the yield of commercial tomatoes under conditions of water, N and/or P deficit. However, only half of the relevant literature reported evidence on more than one intervention, which highlights the need for more integrated approaches to assess multiple interventions to adapt to deficits of key-resources simultaneously. In addition, the use of ‘techno-chemical’, ‘breeding and genetic’ and ‘computational’ interventions are only reported in a small number of records (< 8% of the gathered evidence). Hence, these interventions may also be considered as subjects to prioritise in future funding strategies.

Introduction/Purpose: Return to play (RTP) assessment and decision-making protocols are among the most discussed topics in sports medicine. Given the lack of validated guidelines, physicians and rehabilitation practitioners often rely on subjective functional evaluation to guide decisions to RTP. Biomechanical assessment using motion capture may be a useful strategy to evaluate an athlete’s post-injury functional status, and to estimate their ability to RTP with reduced risk of re-injury. The purpose of this case-study was to determine the efficacy of using marker-less 3D motion capture to provide an objective functional evaluation to tailor rehabilitation and aid RTP status for a patient who underwent syndesmotic fixation. Methods: In this case-study, a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football offensive lineman (Height: 1.96 m, Weight: 141 kg) performed a movement screen 5 weeks after left ankle syndesmotic fixation for purely ligamentous syndesmotic injury. Testing was performed at the anticipated time of RTP. After a standardized warm-up, the patient performed a series of 14 movements consisting of upper and lower extremity actions in all three planes of motion, including bilateral and unilateral lower extremity actions. Kinematic data was captured using an 8-camera marker-less motion capture system (MLMCS). Left and right joint-specific ranges of motion were compared for symmetry and to normative data produced by the MLMCS manufacturer. Results: The participant successfully performed all 14 movements without limitation. Ankle flexion was symmetrical during bilateral and unilateral squatting actions. However, left ankle (i.e., involved side) flexion was consistently less than right ankle flexion during more dynamic actions (Table 1). Despite the asymmetries, ankle range of motion was within normal ranges for both sides in all movements. From a performance standpoint, left-side jump heights were consistently less than the right-side efforts during the unilateral countermovement jump (left: 34.5 cm versus right: 41.1 cm; -16.0%) and consecutive hops (left: 29.5 cm versus right: 33.0 cm; -10.8%). Results were shared with the athletic trainer to focus rehabilitation efforts. The patient was able to fully RTP at 6 weeks. Conclusion: In this case-study, the patient successfully performed a movement screen without limitation at the time of RTP after left ankle syndesmotic fixation. A MLMCS detected kinematic differences that would be difficult to qualitatively recognize. Specifically, the patient expressed reduced ankle flexion and jumping performance on the operative side. No baseline screening was performed, but the observed asymmetries were consistent with what would be expected from the specific injury. Further research is needed to compare baseline measures to kinematic changes. These findings suggest that a basic movement screen using MLMCS can detect kinematic asymmetries after syndesmotic fixation. Table 1. Kinematic Assessment of Ankle Range of Motion

The “right to be forgotten” (RTBF), perhaps more accurately described as a “right of erasure”, first emerged into mainstream public consciousness and practice with the European Court of Justice’s May, 2014 ruling in the Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González case. A targeted and bespoke process for requesting the removal of specific search engine results only emerged in the months immediately following that ruling. The final contours and scope of that process are still not fully settled, and will likely continue to evolve as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation takes effect in May 2018. However, the concept of an individual’s right or ability to exercise some control over publicly available information about themselves dates back well prior to Mr. Costeja’s lawsuit, and extends well beyond the EU. The Costeja case itself did not purport to create a new right, only to include search engine results as relevant to and controlled by the EU’s 1995 data protection law as “data controllers”. The discussion of some sort of analogous right in both legal academia and in the courts dates back to at least 2006, if not to much earlier, perhaps even to the early part of the 20th century, using an expansive definition of the cultural concerns underlying RTBF. In tandem with that global history of a de facto “right to be forgotten”, there is a parallel history of mechanisms and practices intended or used to achieve this “forgetting”, ranging from standard lawsuits to norms, to —more recently— the subversion of other, unrelated, official affordances for the removal or obscuring of online material. Using examples from the Lumen project’s database, this paper will examine some of the recent ways in which individuals in countries without a codified right of erasure have sought to be “forgotten” by using online content removal mechanisms originally grounded in other purposes and legal regimes, such as copyright, trademark, and defamation. The paper concludes with a speculative discussion of what effect, if any, the existence and repurposing of these alternative mechanisms might have on the development or rejection of a separate RTBF jurisprudence, and what form that regime might take were it to be adopted. El “derecho al olvido”, quizás mejor descrito como el “derecho de supresión”, llegó por primera vez a la corriente popular de la conciencia y la práctica pública con el fallo del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de mayo de 2014 sobre el caso Google Spain SL, Google Inc. vs. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González. Un proceso específico y personalizado para solicitar la eliminación de resultados específicos del motor de búsqueda surgió en los meses inmediatamente posteriores a esa decisión. Los perímetros finales y el alcance de ese proceso aún no se han establecido por completo, y es probable que continúen evolucionando a medida que el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea entre en vigor en mayo de 2018.Sin embargo, el concepto del derecho o la capacidad de un individuo para ejercer cierto control sobre la información disponible públicamente sobre él data de mucho antes de la demanda del Sr. Costeja, y se extiende mucho más allá de la Unión Europea. El caso Costeja en sí no pretendía crear un nuevo derecho, solo buscaba incluir los resultados de los motores de búsqueda como relevantesy controlados por la ley de protección de datos de la Unión Europea de 1995 en términos de los “responsables del tratamiento”. La discusión sobre un derecho análogo, tanto en la academia jurídica como en los tribunales, se remonta a por lo menos el año 2006, si no mucho antes, quizás incluso a principios del siglo XX, si utilizamos una definición amplia de las preocupaciones culturales subyacentes al derecho al olvido.Junto con esa historia global sobre un “derecho al olvido” de facto, existe una historia paralela de mecanismos y prácticas destinados o utilizados para lograr este “olvido”, que van desde demandas estándar y normas hasta, más recientemente, la subversión de otras posibilidades oficiales no relacionadas para la eliminación u ocultación del material en línea. Utilizando ejemplos de la base de datos del proyecto Lumen, este artículo examinará algunas de las formas recientes en las que individuos en países sin un derecho de supresión codificado han buscado ser “olvidados” mediante el uso de mecanismos de eliminación de contenido en línea originalmente fundamentados en otros propósitos y regímenes legales, como derechos de autor, marca registrada y difamación. El artículo concluye con una discusión especulativa sobre el efecto, si es que lo hay, que podrían tener la existencia y el replanteamiento de estos mecanismos alternativos sobre el desarrollo o el rechazo de una jurisprudencia separada para el derecho al olvido, y qué forma podría adoptar ese régimen si se adoptara.

Despite increasing demand for workers in fields that are grounded in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), retention rates are low among relevant college majors. Using Web‐based survey data from 290 STEM majors, the authors investigated links among personality, coping strategies, and STEM major commitment. Proactive personality was positively related to STEM major commitment and to the active planning coping strategy and negatively related to behavioral disengagement. Active planning was positively related to commitment to STEM majors and behavioral disengagement was negatively related to the outcome. Coping strategies fully mediated the relationship between proactive personality and commitment to STEM majors.

Precision nutrient management requires accurate assessment of crop nutrient status. This is common for assessing N status, but much less so for other nutrients. Because fluorescence can indicate crop stress, the robustness of different fluorescence indices was assessed to predict crop nutrient status (K, Mg and Ca). The hypothesis was that crop nutrition limitations, especially K, can be detected using fluorescence proximal sensing to quantify crop response with a high degree of spatial resolution. A factorial experiment was imposed with four treatment factors: crop, K fertilizer rate, lime and row management. The soil at the experimental site was K deficient and the crop variables showed significant treatment effects (e.g. yield, protein). Fluorescence sensing identified a significant positive K response for three chlorophyll related indices (SFR_G, SFR_R and CHL), but not for FLAV; while wheat was significantly different from barley. Using a k-fold cross-validation method promising predictive relationships were found. The strongest predictions were for SFR_R to predict crop biomass, for SFR_G to predict crop K content of inter-row wheat, for CHL to predict crop Ca content of inter-row wheat and for FLAV with barley grain protein in the windrow treatment. The fluorescence indices produced more significant crop variable predictions than measuring NDVI using an active sensor. This study illustrates the utility of fluorescence sensing to measure chlorophyll related signals for capturing the nutritional status of barley and wheat crops. These results show encouraging potential to rapidly detect crop nutrient status for non-N nutrients using fluorescence sensing.