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This study analyzed the asymmetric effects of financial development on economic growth using a model augmented with inflation and government expenditure asymmetries to inform model specification. The research question used entails, Do their asymmetry changes significantly influence growth? Using the nonlinear auto-regressive distributive lag (NARDL), the most significant results posit that positive shocks in financial development in the short run and its negative shocks in the long run increase and decrease economic growth, respectively. Regarding inflation, its positive (negative) shocks in both runs, respectively, reduce (increase) economic growth. In comparison, positive shocks in financial development that spur growth in the short run and negative shocks in financial development (government expenditure) that increase (reduce) growth are the most domineering effects as the rest of the shocks insignificantly affect growth. Results clearly demonstrate to an environment steered by stable and sustainable inflation that regulated government expenditure and comprehensive financial system deepening would positively cause economic growth. Therefore, appropriate policies that favor low inflation and reduced government spending, expansion of feasibly reformed financial institutions, capital accumulation, and increased resource mobilization should be instituted if real growth is to positively happen.

The use of PP in government policy formulation, decision making as well as the implementation of government programs has been embraced by many countries in the world. Kenya is among the recent developing economies that legally adopted PP through the promulgation of the new constitution a decade ago that ushered in PP. Despite this, its efficiency has staggered as information regarding public involvement in governance is still limited. We present the analysis of challenges facing the integration of public participation in governance and their impact on sustainable development. We use primary data from Bungoma County in Kenya, and SEM techniques that encompassed the CFA test to validate variables, path analysis to model perceived underlying direction of causality amid the constructs, and impact estimation using the coefficient estimator of SEM regression. The study finds PP significantly impacting on governance for H1, public participation meaningfully influences sustainable development (SD) for H2, governance considerably moderates the PP-SD relationship for H3, and the PP-Governance interaction process substantially supports SD. The study recommends consolidation of public awareness through civic education to strengthen understanding of their civil role in governance, timely notice as well as equitable facilitation in attending government development forums. Further, in enhancing PP functionality, the study suggests institutionalization by establishing the Office of Public Participation Rapporteur (OPP) responsible for collecting citizen and leaders’ views, and implementation of associated policies and regulations.

This research seeks to enhance the current literature by exploring the nexus among environmental contamination, economic growth, energy use, and foreign direct investment in 6 selected sub-Saharan African nations for a time of 34 years (1980-2014). By applying panel unit root (CADF and CIPS, cross-sectional independence test), panel cointegration (Pedroni and Kao cointegration test, panel PP, panel ADF), Hausman poolability test, and an auto-regressive distributed lag procedure in view of the pooled mean group estimation (ARDL/PMG), experimental findings disclose that alluding to the related probability values, the null hypothesis of cross-sectional independence for all variables is rejected because they are not stationary at levels but rather stationary at their first difference. The variables are altogether integrated at the same order I(1). Findings revealed that there is a confirmation of a bidirectional causality between energy use and CO in the short-run and one-way causality running from energy use to CO in the long run. There is additionally a significant positive outcome and unidirectional causality from CO to foreign direct investment in the long run yet no causal relationship in the short run. An increase in energy use by 1% causes an increase in CO by 49%. An increase in economic growth by 1% causes an increment in CO by 16% and an increase in economic growth squared by 1% diminishes CO by 46%. The positive and negative impacts of economic growth and its square approve the EKC theory. To guarantee sustainable economic development goal, more strict laws like sequestration ought to be worked out, use of sustainable power source ought to be stressed, and GDP ought to be multiplied to diminish CO by the utilization of eco-technology for instance carbon capturing, to save lives and also to maintain a green environment.

Plausible economic growth would undoubtedly offset the unemployment-output tradeoff to subjective wellbeing and relieving labor market discrepancies. This study expands on the tradeoff exploration considering the impact of unemployment-inflation on SWB and, output growth on unemployment using output gap as the tradeoff regulator and using a quadratic specification and the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag, respectively. Authors explored this effects and specifically the nonlinear response of subjective wellbeing (SWB) to inflation, unemployment and output, and the asymmetric responses by unemployment to business cycle output for Kenya. The main results report that first, output per capita gap is important in regulating the inflation-unemployment tradeoff and negativities to SWB with costlier effects by unemployment than inflation. Secondly, unemployment trades off with long run shocks in cyclical output although they exhibit symmetric nature of Okun law. Thirdly, unemployment negatively relates to fiscal policy in the long run as the tradeoff is supported. Therefore, to alleviate SWB, feasible unemployment alleviation policies are required while to incarcerate the persisting unemployment and minimizing labor market discrepancies, feasible labor supply and fiscal side policies should be implemented since short run and including policy specific reforms. This, would therefore supplement the usually time-lagging effects by implemented structural reforms.

This research seeks to enhance the current literature by exploring the nexus among environmental contamination, economic growth, energy use, and foreign direct investment in 6 selected sub-Saharan African nations for a time of 34 years (1980–2014). By applying panel unit root (CADF and CIPS, cross-sectional independence test), panel cointegration (Pedroni and Kao cointegration test, panel PP, panel ADF), Hausman poolability test, and an auto-regressive distributed lag procedure in view of the pooled mean group estimation (ARDL/PMG), experimental findings disclose that alluding to the related probability values, the null hypothesis of cross-sectional independence for all variables is rejected because they are not stationary at levels but rather stationary at their first difference. The variables are altogether integrated at the same order I(1). Findings revealed that there is a confirmation of a bidirectional causality between energy use and CO 2 in the short-run and one-way causality running from energy use to CO 2 in the long run. There is additionally a significant positive outcome and unidirectional causality from CO 2 to foreign direct investment in the long run yet no causal relationship in the short run. An increase in energy use by 1% causes an increase in CO 2 by 49%. An increase in economic growth by 1% causes an increment in CO 2 by 16% and an increase in economic growth squared by 1% diminishes CO 2 by 46%. The positive and negative impacts of economic growth and its square approve the EKC theory. To guarantee sustainable economic development goal, more strict laws like sequestration ought to be worked out, use of sustainable power source ought to be stressed, and GDP ought to be multiplied to diminish CO 2 by the utilization of eco-technology for instance carbon capturing, to save lives and also to maintain a green environment.